MIDDLESEX, a county (inland), bounded on the south by Surrey and a very small part of Kent, from both which it is separated by the river Thames j on the east by Essex, from which it is separated by the rivei1 Lea 5 on the north by Hertfordshire; and on the west by Buckinghamshire, from which it is separated by the river Coin. It extends from 51° 22'to 61° 42 (N. Lat.), and from 2' (E. Lon.) to 31' (W. Lon.), and contains about one hundred and eighty thousand four hundred and eighty acres, or two hundred and eightytwo square miles. The population, in 1821, was, including London, 1,144,531. At the time of Ccesar's invasion, this part of the British territory, together with that now forming the county of Essex, was inhabited by the Trinobantes, the first British tribe that submitted to the Romans; and on the final reduction of Britain to the condition of a Roman province, it was included in the division called Flavia Csesariensis. The name is slightly corrupted from the Anglo-Saxon Middel-Seaxe, signifying the country of the Middle Saxons; this portion of the English territory having lain in the centre of the early Saxon sovereignties established in South Britain. It did not, however, form a distinct kingdom, but was included in that of the East Saxons, established in Essex about the year 530 and shortly after extended over this county. The history of Middlesex is little else than the history of the metropolis itself, a summary of which will be found under its proper head. It is only necessary to specify here a few of the most remarkable movements and occurrences which have taken place in it without the limits of the capital. In 879, the Danish army wintered at Fulham; and in 1016, Canute was defeated at Brentford, by Edmund Ironside. In 1217 at Houuslow, a conference was held between four peers and twenty knights, on the part of Louis the Dauphin, and the same number of nobles and knights on the part of the young king Henry III. In 1264, at Isleworth, the palace of Richard, King of the Romans, and Earl of Cornwall, brother to Henry III., was destroyed by the inhabitants of London, under Sir Hugh Spencer. In 1386, the Duke of Gloucester, and the Earls of Arundel, Warwick, and Derby, with other nobles, assembled at Hornsey, to compel Richard II. to dismiss his favourite, Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland. During the insurrection under Jack Cade, in 1450, the Essex insurgents encamped at Mile-End; and, in 1461, the Kentish insurgents beheaded, at Highgate, Thomas Thorpe, Baron of the Exchequer. May 4th, 1483, the young king, Edward V., accompanied by the Dukes of Gloucester and Buckingham, who had obtained possession of his person, was met at Hornsey by the lord mayor and citizens, and conducted to the episcopal palace in the city. It was at Sion-house, in 1553, that Lady Jane Grey reluctantly accepted the crown, and was thence conducted with great pomp to the tower. In 1586, at Uxendon, near Harrow, Anthony Babington and his fellow conspirators against Queen Elizabeth were arrested. In 1603, on the accession of James I., that sovereign was met, on his way to London, at Stamford-hill by the lord mayor and citizens, and conducted with great pomp to the Charter-house. November 12th, 1642, at the commencement of the great civil war, the parliamentarians were defeated at Brentford, by Charles I., and the eccentric John Lilburne, with four hundred men, was made prisoner. At Uxbridge, in January 1645, the fruitless negociation between the king's and the parliamentary commissioners was set on foot, and carried on for eighteen days. August 4th, 1647, General Fairfax had his head-quarters at Isleworth, and there received the parliamentarian commissioners; and in the same year, the king was kept in confinement at Hampton-Court, from the 24th of August until his escape on the 1 Ith of November. In 1651, on the 21st of September, Oliver Cromwell, returning from the battle of Worcester, was met at Acton with a congratulatory address, and accompanied to London, by the Lord President and Council of State, many members of both houses of parliament, and the Lord Mayor and aldermen of London, forming, altogether, a train of more than three hundred coaches. Lastly, on the 20th of April, 1814; Louis XVIII., accompanied by the Duchess d'AngouIeme, from their asylum at Hartwell in Buckinghamshire, was met at Stanmore by the Prince Regent, and conducted in triumph to London, on his restoration to the French throne. This county is included in the diocese of London, and province of Canterbury, and forms a deanery and archdeaconry, comprising, with the exception of those parishes in the cities of London and Westminster, and their liberties, which are given in a tabular form under the head of London, seventy parishes, of which twentyfive are rectories, thirty-one vicarages, and fourteen perpetual curacies. The civil division is into the hundreds of Edmonton, Elthorne, Gore, Isleworth, Ossulstone (including the divisions of Finsbury, Holborn, and the Tower), and Spelthorne; and the liberties of the cities of London and Westminster. Within the county are, the city of London (locally), the borough (commonly called the city) of Westminster, and the market-towns of Brentford, Staines, and Uxbridge. Two knights are returned to parliament for the shire, four citizens for the city of London, and two burgesses for the borough of Westminster. The shrievalty of Middlesex, being united with that of the city of London, is described under the latter head. The assizes are held eight times a year at the Old Bailey, in London; and the quarter sessions, four times originally, and four times by adjournment, at the sessions-house, on Clerkenwell- green. There are two hundred acting magistrates. The rates raised in the county for the year ending March 25th, t827, amounted to £666,418. 5.; the expenditure to £711,874. 16., of which £612,147. 14. was applied to the relief of the poor. The gently undulating surface of the greater part of this small county is peculiarly suited to the general purposes of agriculture; and although it contains little scenery that can properly be termed picturesque, yet these inequalities contribute greatly to its healthfulness and beauty. Middlesex is also diversified with plantations and meandering streams, besides innumerable villas with ornamented grounds and lawns. The northern border of the county is high ground, which, by the shelter it affords, adds considerably to the fertility of the other parts. The principal elevations are, Harrow hill, the hills of Highwood, Hendon, and Barnet, one between Barnet and Elstree, Brockley hill, and the Highgate and Hampstead hills: the summits of these are of nearly equal height, being about four hundred feet above the level of high water mark in the Thames. The most extensive prospects are, that from Harrow hill over the valley of the Thames, those from Hampstead and Highgate hills, including distinct views of the northern side of the metropolis, and those from Muswell hill, over the north-eastern side of London into Surrey and Kent, and over the valley of the Lea into Essex. One of the most striking nearer views of London is that from Primrose hill over the Regent's Park, with the splendid new ranges of building that skirt its base, and the rest of the north-western .side of the metropolis All the land to the south of the road passing from Brentford, through Hounslow, to Long-1 ford, is very nearly an entire flat, the greater part of which is less than ten feet above the level of the Thames, which runs along the whole southern side of it. From Staines, by Ashford and Hanworth commons, to Twickenham, a distance of seven miles and a half, is another flat, lying from ten to twenty feet above the surface of the Thames. From Brentford, along the borders of the Thames, to London, is also an extensive level, chiefly employed in the production of vegetables for the London market; as is also another tract on the north-east side of the town. Round the first milestone on thfe Kingsland road is an extent of upwards of one thousand acres, the surface of which has been lowered from four to ten feet, by the clay having been dug and made into bricks: a great portion of this is now covered with houses. In the western part of the county, stretching chiefly to the north of Hounslow heath, is a considerable tract of arable land, and another in the north-eastern part of it; but by far the greater portion of the land; is meadow or pasture. Upon several of the hills, where the soil is naturally barren, particularly those of Hampstead and Highgate, and at Hadley, the ground is/ nevertheless, of great value, on account of the fine situations for building. The climate in general is healthy, owing to the greater part of the soil being naturally dry, and the less elevated tracts well drained, and consequently free from noxious vapours. The fires of London, from their immense number, have a sensible effect upon the surrounding atmosphere, which they heat and rarefy. In London the air, when dry, is always loaded with,; and the atmosphere often obscured by, smoke, containing soot arising from the pit coal commonly consumed. With cultivation and the manure procured from London, the soil has every where been ameliorated, so that, in most places, it assumes the appearance of loam, though varying in quality. The summits of most of the highest hills consist of sand and gravel, frequently intermixed with loam. Hampstead hill is composed of eight or ten feet of yellow iron-stained sand, with some loam and round flints, under which is a pure white sand of considerable depth. The soil of all that portion of the county lying between the road from Hounslow to Colnbrook, on the north, and the river Thames on the south, is sandy, or dry turnip and barley land, generally from eighteen inches to two feet deep, resting on a bed of gravel, or small flints, of six, eight, or ten feet in thickness, under which is a leadencoloured tenacious earth, of great depth, used by tilemakers. On the eastern side of the county also, the soil is of the same light nature, from six inches to two feet deep, the gravel of small flints, underneath whichi being used for the repairing of the roads, can only be dug to the depth of from two to five feet, as it then assumes the appearance of a quicksand, so watery as to prevent aU deeper digging. All the land between the Colnbrook and Uxbridge roads, from London to the west of Hanwell and Hounslow, and the level tract on the north side of the Thames, from Twickenham down to Westminster, have a good sandy loam, which, in different parts, has been highly enriched by cultivation; the substrata of this are the same as those of the sandy tract first mentioned. The soil around Chiswick varies from a strong to a light sandy loam, and from a rich and fertile to a white and sharp sand and gravel: the district around Fulham consists of a light black and fertile soil. All the land from Ruislip and Ickenham, on the west, to Greenford, Apperton, and Harrow, on the east; and between Pinner, on the north, and Northcote, on the south, together with that about South Minims, is composed of strong loam. The level between Islington, Hampstead, and Hornsey, is also of the same kind, and very productive. Loamy clay, commonly called clay, is to be found in this county generally on the tops of the lower hills, and on the sides of all, but hardly in any other situation. The greater part of the arable land is in the common fields; the rest consists of such parts of the said fields as have, at no distant time, been enclosed under various acts of parliament, as at Stanwell, and on Enfield Chase. The total amount is about fourteen thousand acres, or one-thirteenth of the whole county, which does not produce wheat sufficient to supply one-sixtieth of the inhabitants. The corn cultivated is almost wholly wheat and barley; rye and oats being grown only in very small quantities. Beans, peas, turnips, and cabbages, are also commonly cultivated. About ten thousand acres of land are employed in the growth of wheat, the produce varying from ten to upwards of forty bushels per acre; and about four thousand acres are annually sown with barley, the average produce of which is about thirty-two bushels. About three thousand acres are commonly cropped with beans, which are here cultivated with great advantage; the produce, on an average, is about thirty bushels per acre; some of the better sorts are podded when green, and sent to the London market. Peas annually occupy about three thousand acres, being also well cultivated; the average produce of seed per acre is about thirty bushels: About seven-eighteenths of the county, or seventy thousand acres, consist of upland meadows and pastures, which, from previous cultivation, and the constant and abundant supply of manure obtained from London, have been rendered of the first quality: cattle are turned into these meadows immediately after mowing, but to prevent the ground from being trodden, they are removed on the approach of continued wet weather, the rest of the after-grass being eaten by sheep, which remain upon it until the beginning of February. In different parts of this large tract of grass land, and more especially in the more immediate vicinity of the metropolis, it is mown constantly every year, and sometimes twice, or even thrice a year. Very little enclosed land of this kind is pastured. Besides the above, there are, on the borders of the river Lea, some excellent grass lands, comprising altogether about two thousand acres; of' which one thousand two hundred, lying in the parishes of Enfield and Edmonton, are enclosed, the rest being divided by land-marks among a great number of proprietors. The common meadows ace .opened for the reception of. the cattle of every inhabitant of their respective parishes, from the 12th of August until the 5th of April in the following year, when the cattle are taken off, and the ground is soon after prepared -for a crop of hay, which it yields in July, This tract is frequently flooded in winter, and sometimes in summer, the water, in consequence of the interruptions which it meets with in the lower part of its course towards the Thames, remaining long on the ground, and doing much damage to the herbage. The Isle of Dogs, now containing, since the formation of the West India docks, only five hundred acres, lies at the south-eastern corner of the county, and would be overflowed by every tide, were it not for the security of its banks; this is considered to be the richest grass land in the county, and is divided and drained by ditches, which communicate with the Thames, at low water, by means of sluices. On the borders of the Thames above London are also different small tracts of meadow land, which are occasionally laid under water, by means of floods in the river, in all amounting to about one hundred acres. And lastly, on the borders of the river Coin, are extensive meadows and pastures, extending from Staines to Harefield, the soil of which is black, peaty, and tender, and but little elevated above the level of the river, in consequence of which it is much subject to floods, which frequently do considerable damage to the crops, and, when they happen during the hay harvest, sometimes carry the whole away. This tract contains about two thousand five hundred acres, and is partly enclosed, but by far the greater portion consists of what are called Lammasfields, in which the occupiers have the entire produce during only four months in the year. The lands of this county have the peculiar advantage of a ready supply of immense quantities of manure from London; whence are also brought large quantities of soot: chalk is brought from the vicinity of Ware, in Hertfordshire, by the Lea navigation, and delivered at Enfield: good marl is found on the borders of the Thames at Shepperton and on Enfield Chase. Middlesex is not distinguished by any particular breed of cattle, most of the calves that are bred in it being suckled until they are ten weeks old, and then sold to the butcher. The cows kept for the purpose of supplying the metropolis with milk are of a large size, with short horns, known by the name of " Holderness cattle}" they are bred not only in Yorkshire, in which county is the district whence they take their name, but also in nearly all the adjoining counties, where they are bought by dealers, and brought by them to the fairs and markets in this county, more especially to the market in the Liverpool road, Islington. Many are also purchased in the counties where they are bred, by commission, and forwarded to the cow-keepers in and near. London, by whom they are preferred, as giving a greater quantity of milk than any other breed, without reference to the quality of it. The number kept for the supply of London, in the county of Middlesex alone, is between seven and eight thousand. There is not, per, haps, a county in England, in which less butter is made: the greater part of the butter consumed in London is brought from Ireland, Yorkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Dorsetshire, the remainder from Cambridge, Norfolk, Essex, and other neighbouring counties. The farmera buy their sheep at the fairs in Wiltshire, Berkshire and Hampshire, and from dealers in the west country sheep at different fairs and markets: the sheep kept on Hounslow heath, and the adjoining common of Sunbury, were originally from the stock of the above-mentioned counties, but they have much degenerated: the practice of folding them is common. Many early house lambs are fed in the county, the stock from which they are bred being sought with great diligence from all parts of Dorsetshire, and the fairs where such stock is usually sold; and a great number of grass lambs is reared for the Smithfield market. A very large market for the sale of pigs is held on Hadley common, near Barnet, where great numbers are purchased fat by the pork butchers of London, and to which are brought vast quantities of lean stores, from Shropshire and other distant counties, to be fed by the malt-distillers. Very few good h&rses are bred in the county; the farmers obtaining cart-horses at the different fairs in the neighbouring counties, and at the stables of dealers in the metropolis. Many of the horses used in husbandry, as -well as those employed by the carmen in London, are bred in Leicestershire and the adjoining counties, whence they are taken by dealers and sold to the farmers of Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Berkshire, who, having' kept them until they are about five years old, and of a proper age for constant work, dispose of them at high prices. The draught horses in the possession of the brewers and distillers, part of which are of Flemish breed, are almost unequalled in strength and beauty. Passing from Kensington, through Hammersmith, Chiswick, Brentford, Isleworth, and Twickenham, the laud on each side of the road, for the distance of seven miles, is in a great measure occupied by fruit gardens, for the supply of London, which produce, in the first place, apples, pears, cherries, plums, walnuts, &c.; and amongst the trees of these larger kinds of fruit are planted raspberries, gooseberries, currants, strawberries, and all such smaller fruit trees, shrubs, and herbs, as are known to thrive in such situations. The quantity of the richest ground near London employed in the raising of vegetables for its supply is very great; and at Chelsea, Brompton, Kensington, Hackney, Dalston, Bow, and Mile-End, much land is occupied by nurserymen, who spare no expense in collecting the choicest sorts and greatest variety of fruit-trees, ornamental shrubs, and flowers, from every quarter of the globe, which they cultivate to a high degree of perfection. These grounds occupy about one thousand five hundred acres; and from them many plants are annually exported to Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, and Russia. On the northern slopes of Hampstead and Highgate hills are still a few acres of old woodland, besides one hundred acres on the east side of Finchley common, and two thousand acres to the north-west of Ryslip, in all about three thousand acres, about half of which is wood, tolerably well planted with thriving young oaks, the rest being copse. Many of the hedgerows abound with pollard trees, for the most part elms. In the river Thames are some islands, most of which are planted with osiers for the use of basket- makers, as are also different slips of wet land on the Middlesex border of that river. The common lands of the county which yet remain unenclosed are but of small extent; viz,, Ashford, Littleton, and Laleham commons, Staines and Cowley moors, HiUingdon heath.Uxbridge and Harefield commons, Clapton marshes and Hadley, an allotment from Enfield Chase. Besides these are various smaller, containing less than one hundred acres each, such as Hampstead heath, Baling common, Uxbridge moor, Memsey moor, Gould's green Peil's heath, Hanwell common, Wormwood-Scrubs, and some others, which altogether contain about five hundred acres. Three-fourths of these commons are covered with heath and furze, while the whole affords but a scanty pasture for the cattle and sheep that are turned upon them. Finchley common, comprising upwards of a thousand acres, has been recently enclosed. The manufactures of this county are far too numerous and extensive to be here detailed, but they will be found under the names of the places in which they are respectively carried on; the two most important are, that of silk, in the parishes of Spitalfields, Shoreditch, and Bethnal-green, and that of watches in the parish of Clerkenwell. The coach-builders and harness-makers are also very numerous in London arid its vicinity, and in their respective labours far excel those of any other city in the world. With regard to the consumption of agricultural produce, the distilleries are of immense importance, and yield a revenue equal to that of all the other distilleries in Great Britain; the breweries, too, are of vast extent. Besides the prodigious amount of the imports and exports of the port of London, innumerable small cargoes of coal and merchandise of various descriptions, including grain, malt, and flour, are conveyed away or received by means of the inland barges on the Thames and the Lea. Tackling, apparel, provisions, and stores, are also supplied for about fourteen thousand vessels which load and unload in the course of the year in the port of London, the commerce of which amounts to three-fifths of that carried on throughout the whole of England. Besides the markets at the country towns, there are in London, Smithfield market, famous for the sale of bullocks, sheep, calves, lambs, and hogs, on every Monday, and again, though to a less extent, on every Thursday, on which latter day is also a market for ordinary horses; Leadenhall market, the greatest in London for the sale of country-killed meat and poultry, and fresh butter and eggs, and the only skin and leather market within the bills of mortality; and Newgate market, for the sale of provisions of the same kind as at the last-mentioned, being, like it, held daily. These markets almost entirely supply the butchers round London, to the distance of twelve miles, and, m a less degree, to the distance of twenty miles. The principal market at the Corn-Exchange in Mark-lane, the business of which is almost incalculable, is oğ Monday, besides which are two of minor importance, on Wednesday and Friday: about one-fourth of the supply is imported coastwise, a great quantity being also foreign corn. At Billingsgate is the great London fish-market every morning; while the two principal vegetable markets are those of Covent - Garden and Farringdon, at the latter of which other provisions are also sold. There are three public markets for hay and straw hi this county, namely, at Whitechapel, in Smithfield, and the Haymarket in St. James (now about to be removed to " a newly formed area, called Cumberland market, in the parish of St. Pancras ), each of which is held every Tuesday, Thursday, ana Saturday. The common fuel of Middlesex is coal, which is brought by vessels from the counties of Northumberland and Durham to the port of London, whence it is forwarded, by land or water carriage, to all parts of the county, and into Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey, Kent, and Essex. Wood is employed as fuel only in the cottages and small farm-houses on the northern side of the county, the expense of carrying coal to which is considerable. The principal rivers of Middlesex are the Thames, the Lea, and the Coin, besides which are the smaller streams of the Brent and the Gran. The Thames, so celebrated throughout the world, as connected with the great port of London, constitutes the southern boundary of the county for a distance of forty-three miles, first touching it at Staines, whence it proceeds in a very devious course eastward, by Laleham, Sunbury, Hampton, Teddington, Twickenham, Isleworth, Brentford, Chiswick, Hammersmith, Fulham, and Chelsea, and part of the cities of Westminster and London, to Blackwall, where it quits the county, and continues its progress to the ocean. The largest ships in the service of the East India Company come up this river with safety to the corner of the county at Blackwall; and it is navigable for West India ships to London bridge, and for large barges in the whole of its course on the border of Middlesex, along which the tide flows up it, for the distance of about twenty-three miles, to Richmond bridge. The fish that are occasionally taken in this part of the Thames are sturgeon, salmon, tench, barbel, roach, dace, chub, bream, gudgeon, ruffe, bleak, eels, smelts, and flounders, the three last of which are of particularly good quality. The Lea forms the entire eastern boundary of the county, and is divided, in the greater part of its course, into several natural channels, uniting into one shortly before its influx into the Thames, which takes place near Blackwall. From its mouth upwards the Lea has been made navigable to the distance of about eight miles, where a canal navigation branches from it on-the western side, and runs nearly parallel with it through the meadows of Tottenham, Edmonton, and Enfield, whence it is continued to Hertford. The Coin first touches the county at its northwestern extremity, being there divided into two or three natural channels, in which manner it flows gently southward, along the western side of the county, to the neighbourhood of Longford and Colnbrook, where it is subdivided into six branches, the three principal of which continue their courses, in the 'same southerly direction, until they join the Thames at a short distance west of Staines: a fourth branch winds its way from near Longford, by the eastern end of Staines, and through Littleton, to the Thames between Shepperton and Sunbury; a fifth, from the same vicinity, runs south-easterly until it joins the river Cran, near the gunpowder-mills on Hounslow heath; -while the sixth, also from the neighbourhood of Longford, passes near Stanwell, over Hounslow heath, and through Hanworth, Bushey, and Hampton-Court parks, to the Thames. The Brent, rising in Hertfordshire, enters this county near Finchley, and making a circuitous course through the middle of it, falls into the Thames at Brentford. The Cran takes its rise between Pinner and Harrow, in this county, and passing under Cranford-bridge, and across Hounslow heath, joins the Thames at Isleworth. The lake called the Serpentine river, in Hyde Park, was formed about the year 1730, and is fed by a small stream which rises near West-end, Hampstead, and passing by Kilburn, enters, just below Bayswater, into that part of the lake which is included in Kensington Gardens, and, quitting the Serpentine again just above Knightsbridge, runs into the Thames at Ranelagh. The Grand Junction canal, which is constructed on a very large and expensive scale, and opens a direct communication by water between London and the great manufacturing towns in Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Lancashire, commences at the Thames at Brentford, and takes a north-westerly direction, passingnear Hanwell, Norwood, Harlington, and West Drayton, to the valley of the Coin, up which it is continued near Cowley, Uxbridge, and Harefield, finally quitting Middlesex for Hertfordshire, near Rickmansworth in the latter county, after a rise from the Thames of a hundred and fourteen feet: the barges that navigate this canal are commonly of sixtytons burden, and drawn by two horses. From this canal, at Bull bridge, near the place where it crosses the river Cran, commences the important branch of it called the Paddington canal, which passes on one level, through the central part of the county, to Paddington, whence it has been continued, by the Regent's canal, round the whole northern side of London, to the Thames at Limehouse. The basin at Paddington, which formed the termination of this line before the construction of the Regent's canal, is upwards of four hundred yards long, and thirty wide. The Regent's canal, which branches off at a short distance above it, almost immediately enters a tunnel under Maida hill, emerging from which it passes along the northern side of the Regent's Park, to Islington, under which suburb and the bed of the New River it is carried, by means of another tunnel three-quarters of a mile long, and continues its course by Kingsland and Hackney to Limehouse, where it terminates in an extensive basin communicating with the Thames; its length is nearly nine miles, and along its course are twelve locks, of excellent construction, and thirty-seven bridges. Besides the artificial part of the Lea navigation already mentioned, there is an important side cut from that river at Bromley, to a basin at Limehouse communicating with the Thames. A creek from the Thames to Kensington has also been widened within the last few years, and made navigable. Sir Hugh Middelton's canal, for supplying London with water, called the New River, after running a distance of nearly twelve miles from its commencement in Hertfordshire, enters Middlesex at Bull-Cross, and winds in a beautiful and extremely circuitous course of twenty-four miles through the eastern side of the county to Islington, where it is received into a large basin, called the New River Head, from which, by means of engines and pipes, it is conveyed to most parts of London and its northern suburbs. The principal turnpike-roads in Middlesex bear conspicuous marks of their vicinity to a great city: scattered villas and genteel houses, frequently in handsome rows and terraces, are erected on one or both sides of them to the distance of five or six miles out of London; the foot-ways are thronged with passengers, and the carriage-ways with horses, carts, wagons, private carriages, stage coaches, and vehicles of every description. The great roads from London to the north and west of England have the first part of their course in this county. The road to Cambridge and King's Lynn is a continuation of the line of Bishopsgate- street, through Tottenham and Edmonton, entering Hertfordshire, near Waltham-Cross. The great north road to York, Edinburgh, &c., runs through Highgate, and after passing through a corner of Hertfordshire, at Chipping-Barnet, re-enters Middlesex, which it finally quits just beyond Potter's Bar. The road to Leicester, Leeds, &.C., branches from the last-mentioned road at the northern extremity of Chipping-Barnet, about three miles beyond which it enters Hertfordshire in its course to St. Alban's. The road to Oxford is a continuation of the line of Oxford-street, passing through Bayswater, Acton, Hanwell, Southall, &c., to Uxbridge, just beyond which it quits the county for Buckinghamshire. The great western road to Bath, Bristol, Exeter, &c., passes along Piccadilly, through Knightsbridge, Kensington, Hammersmith, Turnham-Green, Brentford, Hounslow, &c., to Staines, where it enters Surrey at the bridge across the Thames. The only Roman station within the limits of this county, besides Londinium, which was the seat of the Roman government of Britain, appears to have been Sulloniacce, the supposed site of which was on Brockley hill, near Elstree, bordering on Hertfordshire, on which spot various Roman remains have been discovered. The ancient Watling-street is supposed to have run from Dowgate, on the northern bank of the Thames, in the city of London, along the line of the modern street called Watling-street, to Aldersgate, where it quitted the city: it is difficult to trace its course through the remainder of London, but it is believed to have been continued north-westerly, and to have fallen into the line of the present road to St. Alban's by Paddington, and Edgware. The Ermin-street led northwards through Islington and Highgate, by Stoke-Newington and Hornsey Wood, to Enfield, nearly in the line of the present high road; but turning off near the latter place, it passes Clay Hill, and enters Hertfordshire. A third Roman road led from the metropolis westward into Surrey and Berkshire, in the line of the present great western road., through Brentford, Hounslow, and Staines. A fourth is believed to have led eastward, along Old-street, and over Bethnal-Green, to Old Ford, where it crossed the Lea into Essex; and it is probable that another left the city at Aldgate, and pursued the course of the present high road, through Whitechapel and Stratford le Bow, into Essex. Roman antiquities have been found in different parts of the county, but the account of the more important of them is given in the article on London. Middlesex possesses little that is remarkable in ecclesiastical architecture beyond the limits of the metropolis. The number of religious houses in the county before the Reformation, exclusively of those in the metropolis and its suburbs, was few, and the principal remains are to be found in London and Westminster. Among the most perfect specimens of ancient domestic architecture are, Holland House, Harefield Place, and Wyer Hall at Tottenham; this class of antiquities also includes various fine old mansions within the ancient limits of the city of London, and the considerable portion still remaining of the royal palace of St. James'. Among the mansions most distinguished for grandeur or elegance may be enumerated, in addition to the great number of magnificent residences which are noticed in the article on London, the royaj palaces of Hampton-Court and Kensington; gion House, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland- Chiswick House, that of the Duke of Devonshire-, Osterley Park, that of the Earl of Jersey; Bentley Priory, that of the Marquis of Abercorn; Caenwood, that of the Earl of Mansfield; Fulham Palace that of the Bishop of London; Strawberry Hill, formerly that of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford; and Wrothanx Park, the residence of George Byng, Esq. In various parts of the county are springs of mineral water, some of which have been in great repute for their medicinal virtues; but none of them are now much frequented except Bagnigge Wells, St. Chad's Wells, Islington spa, or New Tonbridge Wells, all which are on the northern, side of London.