NEWINGTON, or NEWINGTON-BUTTS (ST-MARY), a parish in the eastern division of the hundred of BRIXTON, county of SURREY, 1 mile (S.) from London, containing, with the hamlet of Walworth, 33,047 inhabitants. This parish obtained the adjunct by which it is distinguished from other parishes of the same name from the shooting butts anciently erected in it. It has, by the recent addition of numerous ranges of building in various parts, become one of the most populous parishes in the suburbs of the metropolis, and is inhabited by numerous families, whose residences are in general respectable, and in some instances distinguished by the pleasantness of their situation, and the style of their architecture. Among the more ancient of the buildings are a few which still preserve considerable vestiges of their original character; but by far the greater part of the parish consists of wide and extended ranges, of modern erection and appearance - the principal roads leading through the village, from the metropolis to Camberwell and Clapham, and the streets which generally diverge from them at right angles, are partially paved, and well lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water by the New Lambeth water-works. Among the more recent improvements which have contributed to extend the parish, are the handsome ranges of houses on the north and east sides of Kennington-common, Doddingtongrove, Surrey-square, and several lines of houses on the Kent road, together with those which have been erected in the vicinity of Trinity-square, in the centre of which a new district church has been built. The Dovor and the Brighton roads diverge from a point in this parish, at the Elephant and Castle, where the number of coaches stopping and passing is estimated at about five hundred daily. The village is not distinguished by any particular branch of manufacture, or by any other trade than what it derives from its situation as a great thoroughfare, and its proximity to London. There is a manufactory for oil of vitriol on the east side of Kennington-common, which occupies three acres of ground, and between that and the Kent road are a smelting-house for lead and antimony, a tannery, a manufactory for glue, another for tobacco pipes, with manufactories for floor-cloth and carriages, and several nursery grounds. The parish is within the jurisdiction of the court of requests for the borough of Southwark, the authority of which was extended, by an act passed in the 46th of George III., to the recovery of debts under £5; it is also within the limits of the new pt.lice establishment. The sessions-house, in which the quarter sessions for the county of Surrey are held re- gularly, is situated in that part of the parish which adjoins the borough of Southwark; it is a neat building of brick, containing a convenient court-room for the trial of prisoners, to which is a private comtnu- nication from the adjoining prison, and rooms for the accommodation of the grand jury, the clerk of the peace, and other officers. The common gaol in Horsemonger-lane is a spacious building of brick ornamented with stone, containing nine wards for the classification of prisoners, with airing-yards, &c., and af-< fording room for the reception of one hundred and fiftysix prisoners in separate cells. The Surrey asylum, for the reception, clothing, maintenance, and instruction of discharged prisoners, was instituted in 1824, under the patronage of His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, and His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, and is supported by subscription; the building is handsomely constructed of brick, and is capable of receiving sixty inmates; there are. at present twenty males and seven females in-this institution; the former, after a due time, are apprenticed to different trades, with a small premium, and the latter placed out as servants. The living is a rectory, in the exempt deanery of Croydon, which is within the peculiar jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, rated in the king's books at £16, and in the patronage of the Bishop of Worcester. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a neat modem edifice of brick, with a small cupola and campanile turret surmounted by a dome; the interior is well arranged, and there are several handsome mural tablets: the churchyard, which is spacious, contains some ancient tombs and several good monuments. Two district churches were erected in this parish, in 1824 and 1825, by aid of the parliamentary commissioners, who granted one moiety of the expense, and lent the other moiety for eight years without interest, to be repaid by a rate on the inhabitants. The church dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in Trinity-square, is a handsome edifice in the Grecian style of architecture, with a portico of six fluted Corinthian columns, supporting a triangular pediment, and having a square tower ornamented with pillars of the Doric order, and surmounted by a campanile turret surrounded with pillars of the Corinthian order; the interior is appropriately ornamented, and contains two thousand and forty-eight sittings, of which seven hundred and seventy-one are free: the expense of its erection was £13,316. 4. The' church dedicated to St. Peter, in the hamlet of Walworth, containing two thousand sittings, of which five hundred are free, was erected at an expense of £19,126. 13.: it is a spacious and handsome edifice of brick, ornamented with stone, having at the western entrance a receding portico of four Ionic columns, supporting a cornice and central balustrade, with a slender square tower, ornamented at the quoins with pilasters of the Corinthian order, and surmounted by an open campanile turret of graceful elevation, surrounded with Corinthian pillars, and crowned with a conical dome. The livings are perr petual curacies, in the patronage of the Vicar or Newington. There are two places of worship tor Baptists, two for Independents, one for Wesleyan Methodists, and one for the followers of Johanna Southcote. The parochial charity, National, and Sun* day schools, supported partly by endowment and partly by subscription, were united in 1820, and a handsome and commodious building erected for their use, containing, on the basement story, a school-room seventy-five feet in length and forty-five feet wide for boys, and on the upper story a room of similar dimensions,for girls; in this establishment, which is calculated for the admission of one thousand children, there are at present four hundred boys and two hundred girls j of the former sixty-five, and of the latter fifty-five, are annually clothed. The female charity school, established in 1793, and a school of industry, opened in 1796, previously separate institutions, were united in 1818, and a neat and commodious school-house erected in Mountstreet, by subscription; there are one hundred girls, who are clothed, and instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, and in household work; and, when qualified to become useful servants, are placed in respectable families, and encouraged to good conduct by annual presents; this institution, which is under the direction of a president and a committee of ladies, is. supported by subscription among the different dissenting congregations. The female school in Southstreet, established in 1810, is supported by subscription, and conducted by a committee of ladies; there are one hundred girls in this establishment, who are instructed on the plan of the British and Foreign Society. The school for boys, in Flint-street, conducted on the same system, was established in 1816, and a spacious school-room, capable of receiving four hundred boys, with a dwelling-house for the master, was erected by subscription: there are at present three hundred and twenty boys in this institution. The York-street female charity school, founded in 1810, chiefly by the congregation of Independents, is conducted under the superintendence of a committee of ladies, with a view to qualify the scholars for service in respectable families: there are fifty girls, who are instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, and needlework, and of whom thirty are annually clothed. In the parish workhouse forty-three boys and twenty-five girls are clothed, maintained, and instructed in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and, at a suitable age, placed out apprentices with a premium of £7 each: in connexion with the workhouse, and within the walls, is a manufactory for ropes, twine, and door-mats. The southern quadrangle of the Fishmongers' almshouses, consisting of twenty additional tenements, founded in 1721, by James Hulbert, whose statue is placed on a pedestal in the centre of the area, is within the parish; the older portion of the almshouses, erected .by that company about a century before, is in the parish of St. George the Martyr: the more ancient part consists of an outer and an inner quadrangle; comprising twenty-three tenements, of two rooms each, for the residence of decayed members of the company, who receive twelve shillings per week, if married, and eight shillings, if single: the buildings, of brick ornamented with stone, are of the Elizabethan style: at the entrance of the outer quadrangle is a chapel, with a window over the archway, in the early English style, and a small belfry turret, and on one side of the inner quadrangle is a hall, with- some painted glass, in which the wardens of the company hold their meetings for the business of the charity; behind are extensive gardens pleasantly laid out, and communicating with those of the additional buildings, which are of somewhat more modern appearance. There are also some almshouses in Cross-street, under the superintendence of the Drapers Company. Of the hospital of our Lady and St. Katherine, which existed here till the middle of the sixteenth century, there are no vestiges.