LLANENGAN (LLAN-EINGION), a parish, in the union of PWLLHELI, chiefly in the hundred of COMMITMAEN, but partly in the hundred of
GAFLOGION, Lleyn division of the county of CARNARVON, NORTH WALES, 7 miles (S. W.) from Pwllheli; containing 1063
inhabitants. This parish, which comprises the headland, or promontory, of Penrhyn D6, extending into St. Tudwal's. Roads
is St. George's Channel, is pleasantly situated at the southern extremity of the sounty, and is bounded on the east and
south by Cardigan bay, and on the west and north by the parish of Llangian; it is about four miles in length and three in
breadth, and comprises by nieasurement 8098, of which about 1000 are arable, 500 waste, and the remainder pasture. The
soil is of various qualities, in some places consisting of a stiff clay, in others of sand, and in more of a fine loam;
and is generally better suited for barley than any other grain, but wheat and oats are grown to a small extent; the
surface is varied, mach of the land being Lilly, while some near the river Stich is so low and flat as to be subject to
frequent inundations; the scenery in many situations is bold and beautiful, and the views from the more elevated grounds
are very fine, particularly that of Ca' rdigan -bay on the east, with the hills of Merionethshire in the distance. There
are five or six quarries of iron-stone, which, at different periods of the year, occupy a greater or lesser number of men,
and of which the produce is conveyed to Cardiff to be sineked; and extensive veins of lead-orti have been discovered, and
several attempts have been made to work them; but the influx of water into the mines was so great that the expense in
many instances exceeded the profits, and owing to the difficulty of obtaining the ore, the works were discontinued in
1889. The Stich, the only stream by which the parish is watered, divides it from the parish of Llangian, and discharges
itself into the sea at a place called Abers6ch, where is s small creek for vessels. Of the rateable annual value of the
parish the return made amounts to £1926. 14. 2 At a small distance from the shore are two islands, upon the larger of
which are the remains of an ancient chapel, now converted into a barn, which was dedicated to St. Tudwal, from whom the
roads of this coast derive their name. St. Tadwal's Roads afford good anchorage for the largest ships, and are so
extensive and secure that the whet. of the British navy might ride here in perfect safety during the heaviest gales. The
bay, which is the finest in the channel, affords an excellent asylum for vessels that put is here when in danger of being
driven into the adjoining exposed bay, ailed 66 Hell's Mouth," or upon the extensive ridge of sand called Sam Badrig, or "
Patrick's Causeway," which, stretches from the shore of Merionethshire nearly into this bay. The hying is a discharged
rectory, rated in the king's books at £17. 6. 5*.  patron, Bishop of Bangor. The tithes have been commuted for a rent.
charge of £412; and there is a glebe of nearly 13 acres, with a house, the whole mined at al. 15. per annum. The church,
dedicated to St. Einion, a spacious structure, principally in the later style of English architecture, with some portions
of a much earlier date, consists of a nave, chancel, and north and south aisles, and is remarkable as the only parish
church in the county having a tower and a peal of bells. According to an inscription, now nearly obliterated, it appears
to have been built by Einion, King of Lleyn, who flourished about the commencement of the sixth century, and who is said
to have founded a college at Penmon, which he placed under the superintendence of his nephew Seiriol, and to which the
Scandinavian wanderers on the neighbouring coasts are said to have resorted foe instruction in die Christian faith. The
rectory-house stands in an inclosure called the " Prior's Field." There are places of worship for Independents and
Calvinistic Methodists. A National school, commenced in 1833, and in which there are 115 children of both sexes, is
principally supported by the rector, aided until recently with some funds, amounting to £5. 12. 6. per annum, awarded to
the use of the school by the Commissioners of Charities; there is another day-school, in which 80 males and 10 females are
instructed at the expense of their parents a Sunday school which has been kept in an aisle of the church since 1807, is
attended by from 80 to 40 children, and 350 males and 200 females are taught gratuitously in four other Sunday schools,
two of which appertain to the Methodists, and two to Independents. The produce of a few small charitable donations, of
which some are invested in land, is annually appropriated towards the support of the National school, and a few other
bequests have been lost. Upon the sea-coast are two tumuli, or barrows, called by the inhabitants Castellau, or small
forts, but which are probably the graves of some warriors of remote times.