LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the union of NEWTOWN-AND-LLANIDLOES, lower division of the hundred of LLANIDLOES, county of MONTGOMERY, NORTH WALES, 6 miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing 1529 inhabitants. The name of this place is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Gwynnog, an eminent member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about the middle of the sixth century, and was canonized after his decease. The parish is situated on the road from Maehynlleth to Newtown, and on the bank of the river Severn, which separates it on the south-east from the parish of Llandinam; it is bounded on the north by the parish of Llanwyddelan, on the east by that of Aberhavesp, on the south by that of Treveglwys, and on the west by that of Carno; and comprises by admeasurement 10,480 acres, of which 5826 are meadow and pasture, 1457 amble, and the rest woodland and common. The upper part of the parish is hilly and the lower part flat, and the surrounding country displays a pleasing variety of picturesque beauty and rich mountain scenery. Among the loftiest of the hills within its limits are three fine lakes, called respectively Lljrn Mawr, " the great lake;" Tarw, the bull's lake;" and Llyn DU, " the black lake." Llyn Mawr covers an area of twenty-five acres, exclusively of a large turbary on its margin, which, before the lake was dammed up to feed the Montgomeryshire canal, was also covered with water. The average depth of this lake, when dammed up, was twelve yards; but since the canal has been supplied with water from the river Severn, its depth has been reduced to eight yards. Both in the lake and the adjoining turbary are extensive remains of ancient forests; in the former they consist chiefly of oaks in a prostrate position, but on the present surface of the turbary they are principally of fir or pine, with scarcely any portion of oak. These remains afford conclusive evidence that the adjacent hills were covered with forest timber at a very remote period. Peat is found in abundance in the neighbourhood of this and the other lakes; and the margins of all where it is procured have an elevation of fifteen hundred feet above the level of the Vale of CaerSws. The Severn is joined about half a mile above Caer-Sws in this parish by the Trannon and Ceust streams, which descend into it through the Vale of Treveglwys, and the Carno brook runs through the parish, and falls into the Severn near Caer-Sws, a place of considerable note in the time of the Romans, who, it is supposed, had a station in it, since which it has dwindled into an inconsiderable village, but recently some good houses have been built, and it is at present in an improving condition; about a quarter of a mile to the north of it is situated the Newtown and Llanidloes union workhouse. The hill called Alltwnnog, which rises in the northwestern portion of the parish, and is of considerable elevation, has lately been planted by Glynne Mytton, Esq., and contributes, with the lakes and numerous streams, greatly to beautify the local scenery. The soil is tolerably fertile, and produces good wheat, barley, and oats t the rateable annual value of the parish is returned at 1.4744. About sixteen of the inhabitants are employed in the manufacture of flannel, which is carried on in twp small factories. The living is a discharged vicarage, rated in the king's books at £4. 16. 51.; patron, Bishop of Bangor; there is a glebe-house: the gross annual value of the vicarial tithes is about £200, being one-third of the whole, out of which the incumbent has to pay £75 per annum to a curate, and about £30 towards the poor-rates; the other two-thirds of the tithes belong to the Dean and Chapter of Bangor. The church, which measures 81 feet by 24, is an ancient structure, in the early style of English architecture, and contains some beautiful specimens of sculpture: the screen and roodloft are exquisitely carved, and in a state of excellent preservation; the chime' window is embellished with stained glass, in which the patron saint is represented in episcopal vestments, with a mitre on his bead and a crosier 111 his band, and underneath the figure is the inscription 44 Sanctus Gwynaeus, mous anima' propitietur Deus. Amen." In the churchyard are several venerable yew trees of luxuriant growth. There are places of worship for Baptists, independeuts, and Welsh Calvinistic Methodists. About 120 children of both sexes are instructed, at the expense of their parents, in four day schools, two of which are in connexion with dissenters: and there are four Sunday schools, conducted gratuitously, in one of which are 45 males and 30 females, who attend the Established Church; the others appertain to dissenters, and contain about 400 persons. Hugh Baxter, in 1687, bequeathed £50; and Richard Baxter, in 1890, gave £50, and subsequently £50 more; with which sums, a rent-charge on the Bwlch property was purchased in the parish of Llandinam, now yielding £8 per annum, which is apportioned in small sums among the poorest persons. Richard Gittins, in 1783, gave £10, the interest of which sum is annually distributed among the poor; and Anne Pritchard, in 1760, left £20, the interest to be given to decayed housekeepers: two other small charities, that produced .£3. 12. per annum, have been lost. The Newtown union workhouse, situated in the parish, contained 198 paupers at the period of the last census. The hamlet of Caer-Sws was the site of a Roman station, through which has been traced a Roman road leading from Dena, now Chester, to the mines in the adjacent parish of Treveglwys, and of which a description is given under its appropriate head. On the hills adjoining LISrn Mawr are numerous earneddau, supposed to be ancient sepulchres of the aboriginal inhabitants, and one of the hills is distinguished by the name of Carneddau. Scattered over the parish and its vicinity are also the remains of several ancient British encampments, among which may be noticed those at Gwyn Vynydd, Rhos-Ddiarbed, and Cevn Carnedd. At Park, the largest farm in the parish, Queen Elizabeth is said to have kept a stud of horses, to which circumstance is attributed the superior breed, for which this part of the principality is distinguished.