PENBOYR (PEN-BOYR), a parish, in the union of NEWCASTLE-EMLYN, higher division of the hundred of ELVET, county of CARMARTHEN, SOUTH WALES, 4 miles (S. z.) from Newcastle-Emlyn; containing. 1375 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the north-western part of the county, is surrounded by those of Kilrhedyn, Kenarth, Convil, and Llangeler, and intersected by the turnpike-road from Carmarthen to Newcastle-Emlyn. It contains a large tract of arable and pasture land, inclosed and cultivated, the whole comprising 5600 acres, of which 3000 are arable, 2000 meadow or pasture, and 600 wood. The surface is hilly, in some parts mountainous, and in others picturesque; the soil on the lower grounds is tolerably fertile, and on the upper, lighter, and less productive; the crops chiefly consisting of wheat, barley, and oats; the prevailing timber is oak and ash. The river Teivy bounds the parish to the north, and that of Bargod intersects a portion of it; within its limits are also the Molvrey hill, and the village of Velindre: Dfilhaidd is the name of the principal mansion. The living is a rectory, with Trinity Chapel annexed, rated in the king's books at £9. 9. 44.; present net income, £325, with a glebe-house patron, Earl Cawdor: the tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of £310, and there is a glebe of 162a. Ir. 25p., valued at £105 per annum. The church, dedicated to St. Llawddog, a very ancient building in a dilapidated state, was taken down and rebuilt from the ground, in 1809, at the sole expense of the incumbent, the Rev. Thomas Beynon, archdeacon of Cardigan, who also inclosed the churchyard with a wall seven feet high; the present edifice, appropriately fitted up, is 70 feet long by about 30 broad, and contains 300 sittings, nearly all free. There is a chapel of ease in therish, called Trinity Chapel, in which service is perforpamed for the accommodation of such of the parishioners as reside in that part of it, so distant from the mother church. About 60 children are educated in a day school, at the expense of their parents; and two Sunday schools, one in connexion with the Established Church, and the other with Calvinistic Methodists, afford instruction to about 120 males and females. The churchyard is supposed to occupy part of the site of a Roman camp; a pot of Roman coins was found in the neighbourhood, not many years ago, and part of an ancient road and other traces of Roman occupation have been discovered in the parish. There are several tumuli in variousts of it; and one of larger dimensions is situatecl)anrear the turnpike-road leading over the mountain, from Carmarthen to Newcastle-Emlyn.