RHOSCOLYN, a parish, in the hundred of MENAI, union of ANGLESEY and county of ANGLESEY, NORTH WALES, 5 miles (S. s. E.) from Holyhead; containing 498 inhabitants. The name of this parish is, .hy the author of the "Mona Antigua Restaurata," derived from one of those columns which the Romans erected, both as commemorative of their victories, and to mark the extent of their conquests. The same authority states that Gwenvaen, daughter of Pawl Hen, had a religious house or cloister in this place, from which afterwards originated the parish church, called from the founder of that establishment, Llanwenvaen, or "the church of Gwenvaen," an appellation that for some time superseded the earlier term RhOscolyn, or "the Moor of the Column." The site of the ancient cloister is still distinguishable by the number of human bones found whenever the ground is turned up by the spade or the plough. The parish forms the southern half of Holy Island, being connected with that of Holyhead, which forms the other half, by a narrow isthmus, along which runs the old London road to that place, and separated from the western coast of the main land of Anglesen only by a narrow, shallow, and sandy strait; its surface is chiefly cultivated, though much of it is rendered of poor quality by rocks and sands. Near Bodior' an old mansion in the parish, is obtained in great abundance the variegated marble called verd antique, of which the specimens procured here, in the diversity and brilliancy of the colours, surpass those of Italy; and in the same quarries are found veins of beautiful asbestos, of soft silky texture, and of very superior quality. The living is a discharged rectory, with Llanvair-yn- Eubwll and Llanvihangel-ynhowyn annexed, rated in the king's books at £10. 5.; present net income £260, with a glebe- house; patron, Bishop of Bangor: the tithes of the parish have been commuted for a rent-charge of £169. 17. The church, dedicated to St. Gwenvaen, is a small edifice, supposed originally to have been erected about the year 630, and not distinguished by any remarkable architectural features. There are places of worship for Baptists and Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists. A day school is supported by aid of an endowment of £1. 16. per annum, bequeathed by the Rev. Dr. John Jones, Dean of Bangor, for teaching five children to read the Bible in their native language: and three Sunday schools are gratuitously conducted by dissenters, and consist of about 185 .males and females. Emma Roberts, in 1770, granted by deed a sum of £100, the interest to be divided in certain proportions among the oldest and poorest widows of this parish, and those of Bodedern, Llanvair-ynEubw11, and Llanvihangel-ynhowyn; 30s. are appropriated to this place, and distributed at Christmas as directed. The parish is also entitled to participate contingently in Ellen Owen's charity at Llangeinwen for apprenticing a poor boy, but it has never enjoyed any advantage from it, in consequence of the many claimants at Llangeinwen.