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The Canterbury and York Society.
GENERAL.EDITOR: REV. F. N. DAVIS.

DIOCESE OF HEREFORD.
VOL. I.
CANTERBURY AND YORK SERIES.- VOL. II.

Registrum Thome be Cantilupo,
EPISCOPI HEREFORDENSIS;
A.D. MCCLXXV-MCCLXXXII.

TRANSCRIBED BY THE
REV. R. G. GRIFFITHS, M. A.,
Vicar of Clifton-on-Teme,
WITH AN INTRODUCTION,
BY THE
REV. W. W. CAPES, M.A.,
Canon of Hereford.

London:
ISSUED FOR THE CANTERBURY AND YORK SOCIETY
AT 124, CHANCERY LANE.
MDCCCCVII.

PREFACE.

THE Register of Bishop Thomas de Cantilupe is issued by the Canterbury and York Society in conjunction with the local Herefordshire Cantilupe Society. It consists of the first seventy-two folios of a volume measuring eleven and a quarter by seven and three-quarters inches, which also contains the Registers of Bishops Swinfield and Orleton. The part belonging to Cantilupe's episcopate is in good condition, and most of the writing is fairly distinct, though the ink has faded in a few places. As a rule the parchment has been well preserved, the exception being that the right hand bottom corners of several folios have been eaten away, apparently by mice. The writing varies in style, some of it is very small and cramped; on the whole the Latin of Cantilupe's scribes is more contracted than that which follows. A number of documents are stitched to the folios.

The work of transcription has been performed as a labour of love by the Rev. Robert George Griffiths, M.A., Vicar of Clifton-on-Teme, in the diocese of Hereford. In the accomplishment of the work he wishes to acknowledge with grateful thanks the assistance he has received from Prebendary Hingeston-Randolph, to whom he is indebted for his ability to decipher many obscure and difficult portions of the Register, and to whose mature experience the accuracy of the text is due. Viscount Dillon, M.A., F.S.A., is thanked for kindly explaining some obscure terms in a passage dealing with mediaeval armour, also several friends who have given help in determining such references as required full local knowledge. That the bulk of the work might not be increased, notes have been added very sparingly. Mr. Griffiths has also prepared the index which is issued with the Register, while the introduction is contributed by the Rev. William Wolfe Capes, M.A., Canon of Hereford.
F.N.D.

CONTENTS.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

ERRATA.

Page xxv, line 8, read "bandied" for "banded".
" xli, line 23, " "several" for "many".
" xliii, " 16, } " 49, " 6 } read "Much" for "Great".
" 256, " 27 } " lxv, " 8, omit "27 Sechtone".
" 13, " "16 Mayfield".
" lxvii, " 34, read "Ludlow" for "London".
" 67, " 19, " "at" for "of".
" 71, " 29, " "preceptum" for "perceptum".
" 99, " 2, " "Wichford" for "Wichenford".
" 116, " 20, " "1277" for "1276".
" 120, " 20, " "Domini" for "Dominie".
" 138, " 9, " "Reginald" for "William".
" 141, " 30, insert "1276" after "April 25".
" 142, " 18, " "1278" " "May 7".
" 153, " 4, omit "and his seneschal".
" 210, " 21 and 33, transpose "May 4" and "May 14
" 225, " 29, read "G[odefrido]" for "G[alfrido]".
" 229, " 3, " "January 3" for "December 28".
" 239, " 8, " "March 7" for "February 17".
" 250, " 33, " "Micheldean" for "Great Dean".

INTRODUCTION.

The name of Cantilupe appears in two of the varying forms of the Battle Roll of Hastings, and the early home of the follower of the Conqueror has been thought to be a village of that name in la Manche, [1] apparently on no other grounds than the existence of a Chateau there, which was of some importance centuries later; the owners of this, however, had a different coat of arms from those of the same name in England. It is hard to speak with any confidence upon the subject, for the families who dwelt in the wolf's haunts [2] must have grown apace and wandered widely, since in France alone there are nearly thirty places which are known now by the name in slightly different forms. [3] It seems more probable, however, that the starting point of Duke William's follower was a village near Evreux in Eure, which also bore the name, in or near the lordship of Breteuil, in a district with whose ruling families some of his descendants had intimate relations. Several fiefs in the neighbourhood belonged to Cantilupes who lived in England somewhat later, before the choice had to be made between estates on either side of the Channel. It was there, as will be seen, that the future Saint retired for many months to find peace in a region where his mother Milicent must have been known as Countess of Evreux and daughter of Hugh de Gournay, [4] names associated with broad lands that had passed away from the English branches. On his father's side, the family, which had taken root at Aston-Cantelow in Warwickshire, had been conspicuous for several generations, evil councillors of King John and his

[1] Mem. de la Soc. des Ant. Norm. II 286.
[2] But the name cannot be derived from campus lupi (Strange, Life of T. Cant., p. 30), nor from cantus=canton (Le Boeuf and Aug. le Prevost), for the analogy of chantecoq, chante-raine, chante-pie, chante-grive, chante-caille, and others points to cantare as the root (v. Joret, Revue Critique, 1884).
[3] Of these Chantelou is most common. There are also Chantelowe, Chantaloube, Canteloup, Canteleu, Chanteleux.
[4] There is a strange story, written in the name of Dame Juliana Tregoz, the sister of the Bishop, telling how the widowed Queen, Blanche of Castille, married a noble chevalier, Sir Hugh de Gournay, "one of the most valiant in the world", and that at his death St. Louis "with the greatest lords in Parliament", to do him honour, went down into the mud which came halfway up their legs, and taking the body from the litter, carried it through the city of Rouen, where it was buried. (Dodsworth MSS. 64, etc., ap. A. T. Bannister, Hist. Ewias Harold, p. 105.)

ii Introduction.

son Henry, as Matthew Paris puts it, [1] and strong supporters of the Crown against the Barons. William, the second baron, was grand seneschal of the kingdom, and one of the co-regents during the King's absence in Gascony in 1242 and the follow ing year, when his great influence is evidenced in the many references to him, nearly two hundred in the official despatches sent thence to England at that time. [2] In his own and in his father's days the family estates had been largely increased by royal favour and like the felix Austria by alliances in marriage. The second baron bought the wardship of five great estates, marrying his wards into his own family. His successor married Eva Braose, who brought him Abergavenny as her dower. The list of his son's possessions recorded at his death was a very long one, and included estates in twelve different counties. [3] The brothers of the second baron also married heiresses; John, held Snitterfield in Warwickshire by right of his wife, Margaret Cumin; John acquired Gresley in Nottinghamshire by union with Eustachia, whose son succeeded also to Ilkeston in Derbyshire. Another branch was settled at Deighton in Yorkshire. The family name therefore survived in various localities in England, though these are not so numerous as in France. [4]

Whatever may be thought of them as politicians, they were exemplary churchmen according to the standard of the age; one William enriched Studeley Priory where he was afterwards interred; others founded Beauvale at Gresley, and endowed with their grants the convents of Bruton [5] and Montacute. [6] Thomas de Cantilupe [7] was born about 1218, not in the

[1] Hist. II, 533 (Rolls series).
[2] Gascon Rolls.
[3] Inquis. post mortem, 1st year Edw. I.
[4] Besides Aston-Cantelow, the family name was attached to a Hempston (in Devonshire), and to a Chilton, near Yeovil, which was the domain of Sir R. Cantilupe in the 14th century (Drokensford Reg., p. 257, Somerset Record, Soc.). Cantlop, or Cantelope, in the hundred of Condover, was so-named before the Norman Conquest, and was after wards in the possession of the Burnells. Another Cantelope, in Shropshire, belonged to Hugo de Wulonkelowe (Inquis. p. m. 101), and probably derived its name from a distinct source. The prebend of St. Paul's Cathedral, called Cantlers or Kentillers, from which Kentish Town is said to drive its name, has been thought to be connected with the family, but though a Roger de Cantilupe was Prebendary of St. Paul's in 1249 (Le Neve, III, 403) and another of the same surname was Dean later in the century, no evidence has been produced to warrant this assumption, yet later fancy has made Kentish Town the favourite residence of the Saint.
[5] Cartulary of Bruton, p. 3 (Somerset Record Soc.).
[6] Cart, of Montacute, p. 158.
[7] By a curious mistake Dugdale (Baronage, I, 573) makes Thomas the Chancellor the uncle of Thomas of Hereford, and the brother of Walter, Bishop of Worcester. This has been repeated by Banks and in later books.

The Cantilupe family. iii

in Castle of Hereford, as Antony Wood supposed, [1] but at his father's manor of Hamildene [2] in Buckinghamshire, [3] where a chapel was built in his memory by the Earl of Cornwall. He had four brothers; of these William, the third baron, was seneschal of Gascony, Hugh became archdeacon of Gloucester, and John and Nicholas were knights. Two of his sisters passed into noble families: Juliana marrying Robert de Tregoz, and Agnes becoming the wife of baron St. John. A third was betrothed, if not married to baron Robert Gregonet. His mother died probably soon after his birth, for he was brought up by a noble matron of saintly character, and entrusted at the age of seven, with his brother Hugh, to the religious training of good teachers. While his father's time was taken up by affairs of state and attendance on the King, the boy was much left to the fostering care and guardianship of his uncle Walter, the high-minded Bishop of Worcester. We may estimate the nature of his influence upon his nephew's character, if we note the part which he took in the social history of his age as well as in the administration of his diocese. The heads of the family [4] had borne a sinister reputation in our annals as unscrupulous agents of the vilest and the most unstable of the preceding occupants of the throne, but Walter of Worcester (bishop 1236-1265) was a distinguished patriot as well as a sage and exemplary prelate. Staunch friend of Grosseteste, and resolute like him to control with a firm hand the spiritual interests of his diocese, he took a prominent part in the baronial movement against the misrule of the Court, and never faltered in his adherence to the popular cause. He said mass for Simon de Montfort on the battle field of Evesham, [5] having refused before to excommunicate him at the bidding of the Papal Legate. He was, says an annalist, [6] so high in moral virtues above the level of his contemporaries, that but for this one

[1] Hist. I, 221 (ed. Gutch).
[2] So reported several witnesses mentioned in the Bolland. Ada Sanctorum, Oct., p. 494; but Hambledon was in the possession of Gilbert de Clare during part of the reign of Henry III. It may have belonged to the dowry of Milicent which he restored to William de Cantilupe (Dugdale, Baronage, I, 731).
[3] Not in Lincolnshire as Strange puts it (p. 35), a mistake for the Lincoln dioc. of the Acta Sanct.
[4] Fulk and William the first baron.
[5] Ann. Mon., IV, 168.
[6] Thomas Wykes. Ann. Mon., IV, 180.

iv Introduction.

fault, he might with justice have been canonized as a saint, and he was taken away that he might not see the evil times that were to come. In ecclesiastical matters he was no hot headed reformer, and deprecated even before the legate Otho the enforcement of the existing rule against pluralities, without regard to present interests, and to the examples given by himself, like other bishops, in their past careers. [1] Of the nephew's early life scarcely anything is told us, except the boy's choice of a soldier's life as the career which he would like, and the uncle's prophecy that he would serve in the Church militant to the honour of God and of the martyred Thomas. [2] It is quite probable that he was at Oxford in 1237 as a student, as Wood affirms, [3] and he may have stayed some years there. It is certain that in 1242 a royal safe-conduct was granted to two sons of William de Cantilupe, "our beloved and loyal servant", to study at Paris or at Orleans, [4] and that the first of the two places was chosen for a long-continued residence by Thomas and Hugh. The University of Paris, to which the young scholars went, had grown out of the Cathedral School, such as had existed from early days at Hereford, and in connexion with other Chapters of secular foundation. Two movements had been going on, and were almost completed, which were necessary for its development into the paramount centre of general study throughout Christendom. One consisted in its emancipation from the ecclesiastical trammels of the Bishop and the Scholasticus of the Cathedral, through which it became an independent corporation able to organise itself by Statute. The other was the gradual acceptance of the forms of Greek Philosophy, by which Aristotle was enthroned as "the Master of the Wise", and his influence was stamped, for the whole course of the Middle Ages, on the great scholastic systems. Early in the thirteenth century there was a panic at Paris, caused by pantheistic tenets conveyed through Arabian commentators; but confidence returned with more accurate translations of the Greek Philosopher due to the

[1] Matthew Paris, Hist., III, 418.
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 493.
[3] Wood, Hist., I, 221 (ed. Gutch), "In this year, if I am not mistaken, St. Thomas de Cantilupe came to the University to be initiated into Academic learning . . . our mother then was the common nursery of the chief nobility of England".
[4] Gascon Rolls, I, 500.

The University of Paris. v

fugitives from Constantinople; by the middle of the century the works lately forbidden became the authorized text-books in the lecture rooms of the Faculty of Arts. It was to study in this Faculty that the two brothers came to Paris; they were enrolled therefore under some Master who was a member in the one of the four Nations which was called the English, though it included all the students who were not drawn from any part of what now is France. Its name shows that many flocked thither from England, as do also the frequent references to Paris in the Registers of the English Bishops, when licences of non-residence were given to young incumbents and Archdeacons who desired to pass a few years at some seat of general study.

Four or five years must elapse till the Bachelors degree was reached; before that each candidate must pass a kind of Responsions by disputing (respondere) in Logic, and be able to produce evidence of attendance at the necessary Lectures. That done, he was qualified to determine, that is, to maintain a thesis publicly in the Rue du Fouarre, and meet the arguments of rival students; this being apparently a common practice before it became a statutory obligation, thirty years or more after the Cantilupes were Artists. [1] The subjects of the Lectures which they had to hear were of an austerely intellectual type, with little to appeal to the emotion or the fancy; the poets and orators of Rome were almost entirely excluded from the course; the Greek authors wholly so, for the language was known only to a solitary scholar here or there, more favoured or more enterprising than the rest. The range of study had indeed extended beyond the Trivium and the Quadrivium, which were taught, as elsewhere, in the Cathedral School at Hereford in the 12th century, when a Canon [2] invited the eminent scholar Giraldus Cambrensis to take up his abode there.

Floruit, et floret, et in hac specialiter urbe Artis septena predominatur honos. Hunc, ubi tot radiant artes, de jure teneris, Cum sis artis honos, artis amare locum.

[1] H. Rashdall, Universities of Europe, I, 444
[2] Simon de Fraxino, ap., Anglia Sacra II, 641.

vi Introduction.

But the Rhetoric of the Trivium then included more of the real literature of the Latin writers, and its influence is seen in the more graceful style of a John of Salisbury or Giraldus. The wider outlook of the next century was mainly in Philosophy, for the ban pronounced a while against much of Aristotle's works was removed when the Cantilupes were not long settled in their course of study; but for some time they were chiefly occupied with grammar and logic, with a sparing admixture of psychology. Only later in their terms could they attend the lectures in the ethics and the other treatises of the Greek Philosopher.

This one-sided training is reflected in the literary style. It cannot be said that the letters of Popes and Bishops included in this Register are models of graceful composition. The Lecturers for their part were careless of literary finish; their main object was to divide and sub-divide the theme, and to distinguish and define, that the whole might be mapped out with minute precision. They were hampered also by the scholars natural desire to take it all down as from dictation, notwithstanding the directions which from time to time were ineffectually given. Books were few; scholars often were very poor, and anxious to make a library of note-books. But if the class had to squat upon the floor, like Arab children, as was said to be the good old custom, [1] they could not find it easy to write their notes at large.

There was one side of University life in which the Cantilupes were not likely to take part; they would not be found in the taverns of the suburbs, drinking 'good sweet wine', and quarrelling with the vintner, like the students at the Bourg Saint-Marcel in 1229, [2] whose fray with the citizens and the police brought about a general secession to other seats of study, which ended after two years of dispersion in the enlargement of their academic privileges, and the discomfiture of their opponents. For the brothers came 'en grands seigneurs' with a considerable following, under the charge of a Master of Arts, who was afterwards seneschal of Bishop Walter. Their life was exemplary and devout, as vouched for in later days by

[1] H. Rashdall, Univ., I, 438.
[2] Matth. Paris. III, 166.

Cantilupe at Paris. vii

a member of the household, [1] with early masses and ample benefactions to the poor.

Canon Robert le Wyse of Gloucester, one of the witnesses who gave evidence after the Bishop's death, spoke of his 'inception' in Arts at Paris. If the term was used in its strict sense, it implied that two years after he 'determined' or became a Bachelor, he presented himself for examination, conducted a disputation in the 'Quodlibets', and applied for the formal licence from the Chancellor by which he became qualified to begin (incipere) to teach in the Faculty of Arts. The whole course therefore would have lasted some six or seven years, ending with the inaugural disputation, and with the customary banquet to the Masters at his expense, which could not be dispensed with, and had to be followed by forty days of continuous disputation, and a residence of some years as lecturer, if this last was not formally excused.

Meantime some steps were taken in the ecclesiastical career. Benefices were bestowed upon him by his uncle as well as by other patrons. In Feb. 1244 a Papal dispensation allowed him to hold another benefice besides Wintringham which he already had, and this was followed by a further grant which enabled the two brothers, 'whose nobility, learning, and elegance of manners speak for them', to enjoy more preferment. [2] By the practice of the age this would not carry with it any obligation of continued residence in England, or indeed of Holy Orders beyond the earlier stages, but the evidence of friends and admirers at a later date implies in his case a more than usual regard for the responsibilities incurred.

The First Council of Lyons in 1245 which he attended, like his brother, in the capacity of Papal Chaplain, must have supplied further materials to mature his judgment. Innocent IV, who summoned it, had been in humbler rank the partisan and seeming friend of Frederick II, but, by a change of attitude more complete that that of Becket, he now called the representatives of Christendom together to crush and to dethrone his rival. No large numbers answered to the call, for the Emperor's power was paramount over wide regions,

[1] Hugo le Barber, Acta Sanct., 496.
[2] Papal Regesta, Sep. 1245.

viii Introduction.

and many were afraid or disinclined to stir against him. But under Papal encouragement jealousies and animosities found a ready voice; the partisans of Innocent clamoured down Thaddeus of Susa, the eloquent advocate of Frederick, and the Pope declared the Emperor deposed. Striking as was the scene when the prelates turned their torches downwards after the sentence of excommunication, [1] there were other proceedings which had more interest for the eyes and ears of the Englishmen who were present. A little company of delegates - with baron Cantilupe among them [2] - were there to read the summary of grievances which they were commissioned to lay before the Council. It was a long and bitter indictment of Papal exactions and misrule from which England had long suffered, but which had reached their climax lately in the conduct of the Papal agent Martin. Swarms of aliens intruded by provisions into the dignities and richest benefices of the Church; the neglect of charity and ministrations in the parishes burdened with such incumbents; the non-obstante clause which set aside all promises and pledges in favour of the applicant who could outbid competitors by interest or bribes; heavy contributions levied on churches and convents by compact between Pope and King; the endowments of pious founders diverted to objects wholly foreign to their wishes; the unexampled greediness and insolence of the Papal delegate - these were the grievances on which the Magnates and Commons of England were agreed, to the exposure of which Walter Cantilupe of Worcester must have listened with entire approval. [3] His nephews may have heard in earlier years Grosseteste and their uncle in their friendly intercourse deplore the prevalent abuses, but such impressions were likely to be weakened by years of study spent in Paris; now they would be revived and deepened by the weighty words which Innocent listened to in silence, postponing an answer which was never given. There was further talk of immunities to be granted to Crusaders, but the Crusade which the Head of the Church had most at heart was one against the crowned heretic at home, and on this were spent the energy and treasure called for repeatedly in the interest of the Holy Land.

[1] Matth. Paris, IV, 456.
[2] Matth. Paris, IV, 420.
[3] Matth. Paris, IV, 527.

The Study of Civil Law. ix

Whatever the English Chaplain may have felt on the matters brought before the Council; however they may have influenced his later judgment, little can have found utterance from him at the time, for marks of Papal favour followed shortly in several Bulls which sanctioned the possession of the benefices which he held together, in contravention of the requirements of the Canons. [1] He was allowed moreover by dispensation to pursue the study of the Civil Law, which had been prohibited at Paris in 1219 by Honorius III, as endangering the paramount importance of Theology in that great University. While banished from that centre, and also formally withheld in 1254 from clerical dignitaries and regulars, except by special favour, by letter of Innocent IV, it did not, however, lose its popularity elsewhere. Matthew Paris, a few years later, refers to the young scholars of the day, forsaking the liberal Arts and the study of Philosophy, and hurrying in crowds to the Lecture-Halls of the civilians, as the avenue to posts of dignity and profit. [2] Friar Bacon spoke with bitterness of the rewards by which the study was encouraged. "In the Church of God a civilian, though acquainted with Civil Law alone, and ignorant of Canon law, is more praised and promoted to ecclesiastical dignities than a Master in Theology. . . . Would to God I could see these quibbles and frauds of the jurists banished from the Church, and causes decided as they were forty years back, without all this rattle of legislation. . . . Then the study of Theology, of Canon Law, of Philosophy, would be exalted and perfected; then the princes and prelates would give benefices and riches to Professors in this high Faculty. . . . But civilians, and lawyers handling the Canon law like civilians now-a-days receive all the good things of the Church. Thus the whole study of Philosophy goes to ruin, and with it the whole regimen of the Church; peace is driven from the earth, justice denied, and evils of all kinds ensue". [3]

The study however, which was forbidden at Paris, was freely allowed to nearly all at Orleans, which had ranked before chiefly as a School of Letters, but now became the main resort of all who did not care to travel so far as to

[1] Acta Sanct., 495.
[2] Matth. Paris, VI, 293.
[3] Rog. Bacon, Opus Tertium, p. 84, Rolls.

x Introduction.

Bologna or to Padua. Not indeed that it had independent corporate rights, though Matthew Paris speaks of it as a scholarium universitas; [l] it was subject in some respects to the authority of the Bishop and the Scholasticus of the Cathedral, till Clement V in 1306 removed the ecclesiastical restrictions, and conferred on it the constitutional right to organise itself by Statutes of its own, and elect its ten Proctors of the Student Nations. [2] Thither therefore went Cantilupe, [3] and made such progress in his legal studies that he was able at times to take the place of the Professor Guido, whose lectures he had attended; after his death it was reported by a Canon of Hereford that, on one of those occasions of which notice had been given, a member of the Class dreamed the night before that the Lecturer was seated in the Professor's chair with a mitre on his head. [4]

After acquiring the knowledge of Civil Law [5] at Orleans, which must have been a matter of some years, he returned to Paris, where his brother had remained in the Faculty of Theology meantime; he then began the study of Canon Law, as embodied in the Decretum of Gratian, who a century before had drawn up his great text-book of authorities on the questions with which the ecclesiastical courts could be concerned, putting therein the decrees of the Popes on the same level as the Canons of the General Councils. The development of the Roman law had served as a model for this code, and the studies at Orleans were therefore a fitting groundwork and pre paration for those which were to follow. The two brothers did not now live together, but each had a separate household on an ample scale, with devotional exercises and abundant charities as before.

In the Lecture-Halls of the Professors of Canon law Thomas was sure to meet some of his fellow-countrymen of equal rank and means, for the Faculty specially attracted the young Archdeacons and other dignitaries, as well as the holders of rich benefices who had licences of non-residence from their

[1] Matth. Paris, V. 250.
[2] H. Rashdall, Univ., II, 1. 142.
[3] So John de Swinfield, Archdeacon of Salop, went to Orleans to study, and Peter de Cors had leave of absence to go there for the same purpose. Swinf., Reg., 68a and 68b.
[4] Acta Sanct., p. 495.
[5] Strange thinks it well to apologise for the Saint's legal studies. "Though a hard and knotty knowledge, yet he hoped to draw some honey out of the flints for his improvement" (p. 64).

The Study of Canon Law. xi

Bishops, while they qualified themselves by study for the duties of the offices to which they were promoted. In the pages of the Register examples may be found; [1] and with their position thus assured there can be little doubt that the young ecclesiastics did not for the most part work too hard. The course was in a later age a long one, lasting six years before the degree of Bachelor could be taken, though it might be shortened if Civil Law had been already studied. For a licence three or four years more were needed; and this could not be dispensed with for a future lecturer in the subject. It was probably during this period of probation, and among these opportunities of intercourse with titled Englishmen, that we may place the complimentary visit of the French King to his lodgings of which Robert of Gloucester had heard some vague account. [2] The austere self-discipline of Louis IX may well have stirred the admiration of the student; it would certainly have been a congenial example at a later date.

During this period of his residence at Paris he could hardly fail to be deeply interested in the long dispute between the Dominican Friars and the University authorities, though it concerned especially the Theological faculty of which he was not yet a member. The Friars Preachers, intended by their founder to be champions of the Faith, had soon settled themselves, as a matter of course, in the great centre of general study at Paris. Received there with a ready welcome, and encouraged by Papal favour, they held aloof from all concerted action with the other Masters, and refused to submit to the authority of the Theological faculty whose privileges they enjoyed. The University, which excluded them from fellowship in consequence, was required to re-admit them by a Papal Bull, the Quasi lignum, and though it formally dissolved its corporate organization in order to escape control, the pressure was too strong, and the Mendicants finally prevailed. [3] The pertinacious self-assertion of the Order caused much heart-burning at Oxford and at Hereford, but these troubles were in later days; some indication of them may be found even in this Register, [4] and there are many more among the Chapter deeds. [5]

[1] See pp. 8, 29, 45, etc.
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 496.
[3] H. Rashdall, Univ., I, 373. 4- See p. 232.
[5] A compotus roll of 1273 mentions a sum of £16 13s. 4d. spent on a suit with the Friars Preachers at Rome.

xii Introduction.

What Cantilupe had learned at Paris and at Orleans he came, we are told, to teach at Oxford. It was a common practice in his age for men who loved a life of letters to pass from one University to another, and gladly learn and gladly teach in various seats of learning. His contemporary Peckham, for example, went in early youth to Paris, was reader in Divinity at Oxford, returned to Paris, and was lecturer afterwards at Rome. Young students, attracted by a European reputation, sought their Professors wherever they could find them. So the earnest-minded crowded round the sages of old Greece; travelled from place to place to make themselves disciples of some famous teacher; and hung upon his lips to get more light, if might be, on the eternal problems of men's destiny and duty.

There are apparently no data as to the exact time at which Cantilupe transferred his residence to Oxford, but he must have been there some years before the highest office in the University was conferred upon him, one not likely to be given to a stranger little known. There was some excitement in men's minds there, which might remind him of what he had been familiar with at Paris. The University resented the renewed attempts of the Diocesan, the Bishop of Lincoln, to exercise authority from which it claimed to have been set free, and in 1256 a deputation of nine "Artists" - as Wood calls them - laid their grievances before the King. Matthew Paris, who had frequent access to the royal presence, warned him, as he tells us, to be careful of the critical condition of the Church, - "The University of Paris, foster-mother of so many holy prelates, is in no slight perturbation; if Oxford, the second school of the Church, or rather its mainstay, be at the same time disturbed in the same way, there is danger of total ruin to it". "Heaven forbid that", said Henry, "most of all in my days". [1] A compromise was accordingly arranged, with terms of peace. There was greater trouble still in 1258 . Feuds of long standing between rival factions issued in a general fray between the Northerners, aided by the Welsh, and the Southerners, and in this a brother of the Welsh Prince was killed, and many were seriously wounded. In their fear of the King's displeasure they proposed to give large peace-

[1] Matth. Paris, V, 618.

The Chancellorship at Oxford. xiii

offerings to the members of the royal family. Henry replied that he valued the life of any of his subjects too highly for any price that could be paid. But the disturbances of the realm, and the warlike movements that ensued, diverted attention from Academic questions, though in the Lent following there was renewed offence, in the rescue of a criminal who with aid of scholars broke out of prison, and sought sanctuary, and abjured the kingdom. The affray at Oxford was a prelude to more serious strife, as is implied in the old rhyme [1]

Chronica si penses, cum pugnant Oxonienses, Post paucos menses volat ira per Angliginensis

A deed of conveyance of ground belonging to the Abbey of Oseney to the Fratres de Penitentia was attested in 1262 by Thomas de Cantilupe as Chancellor, but we are not told how long before or afterwards he held the office. The election to the post, which was tenable for two years, was made by certain regent Masters nominated by the Proctors, with confirmation by the Bishop of Lincoln, and it carried with it large and varied powers. The legal training of many years must have served him in good stead, for the Chancellor was ex officio a Justice of the peace, and before his court, or that of his delegates, all suits were brought in which members of the University were concerned; his powers in regard to these included imprisonment, excommunication, and banishment. Litigation was very frequent, and the number of advocates extremely large; effrenata multitude advocatorum is the language of an ordinance of 1300. [2] The familiarity of Cantilupe with such procedure may in part account for the frequent occurrence of legal matter in his Register. The Chancellor had also a large administrative and financial competence which brought him into close relations with the townsfolk, not always to their satisfaction in regard to markets and assize. But of such grievances we find no mention. The classes concerned have left no materials for history; the admirers and the members of his household, [3] who reported at a later date, spoke only eulogies of the firmness of his administrative action, of the strict discipline with which he disarmed unruly students, and maintained impartial justice without regard to personal affronts. Of

[1] Wood, Hist., I, 258 (Gutch).
[2] Munimenta Acad., I. 77 (Rolls).
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 497.

xiv Introduction.

the next year however (1263), when he was possibly in office still, so favourable an account could not be given. Peace was disturbed by threatening movements of the armed forces of the King and of the barons; the sympathies of the students were mostly with the latter and with this perhaps the influence of Cantilupe may have been connected, so the civil authorities thought it prudent to close their gates when Prince Edward was marching by, early in February, in fear of possible collision. Hot-headed youngsters, impatient of restraint, presently broke down a gate and forced their way outside, causing a riot for which the ring-leaders were arrested. The Chancellor applied in vain for their release; the townsmen, provoked by taunts or elated by success, renewed the strife; but the gownsmen gathering in force swept all before them, pillaged the shops of leading citizens, and broke open the casks of the Mayor who was a vintner. [1] A contemporary, who put English history into rhyming verse, was present at the scene, which he described in some detail, and as he was probably a Canon of Hereford, [2] and prominent in giving evidence of the saintly life of Cantilupe, a few of his lines may here be quoted as a specimen of the English people's language at that date. [3]

"And wounded ther was manion, ac the borgeis athe laste, Hii begonne to fle vaste; hom thoghte longe er; So that the clerkes adde the stretes sone iler; The bowiare ssoppe hii breke, and the bowes nome echon; Suththe the portereues house; hii sette afure anon In the south half of the toune, and suththe the spicerie Hii breke fram ende to other, and dude al to robberie; Vor the mer was vinitor, hii breke the viniterie, And alle othere in the town, and that was lute maistrie".

The mature scholar was soon called away to other work upon a different scene. King Henry had borne with impatience from the first the galling restrictions imposed upon his power by the Provisions of Oxford; a Pope had no scruple in declaring

[1] Wood, Hist., I, 264.
[2] The Robert of Gloucester of the metrical history may be probably identified with the Canon of the same name, also styled le Wyse, who is often mentioned in this Register, and who gave evidence at the Commission of inquiry in 1307. The writer was at Oxford with Cantilupe, and shews intimate acquaintance with scenes at Hereford connected with Bishop Peter; the Canon also had familiar knowledge of the career at Oxford, where he seems to have been at the same time. The belief that the versifier was a monk rests on no evidence whatever.
[3] Robert of Glouc., II, 743 (Rolls).

'Town and Gown' at Oxford. xv

that his promise to observe them was not binding on his conscience. In face of his growing strength the barons were wavering and divided, and with the King's consent agreed to refer the constitutional question to the arbitration of Louis IX of France, in order to avert "the havoc and irreparable losses with which the whole land was threatened". [1] Cantilupe was chosen as one of the six advocates, who were to plead the barons cause before the King of France.

At the conference of Amiens, where King Louis sat in state, Henry and his Queen were present, with notable sup porters like Bishop Peter of Hereford, who after rough handling in his own Cathedral, and imprisonment at Eardisley, had fled to France for safety. Simon de Montfort had broken his thigh-bone on the way, and the Magnates of his party failed to appear, while for several days the representatives on both sides were busy with their pleadings. With what address or cogency they spoke we are not told, but their words mattered little; they served as prelude only to a foregone conclusion. The French monarch had too strong a sense of the divine rights of Kings, and of the weight of a Papal sentence, to hesitate in giving his award, which annulled the Provisions of Oxford, while re-affirming the authority of the "charters and laudable customs" of the kingdom (Jan. 24, 1264). [2] But those very charters seemed enough to vindicate the people's rights, which the Ordinances of Oxford did but confirm. The fence of words was soon followed by the clash of arms, and the barons triumphed on the battlefield of Lewes. While they governed in the King's name, the offices of State passed, as a matter of course, into the hands of men whom they could trust. From being Chancellor of Oxford Cantilupe rose to be Chancellor of the King, and received the Great Seal on Feb. 25, 1265. [3] He bore a name associated in the King's memory with many acts of loyal service, and for the sake of father and grandfather he willingly (gratanter) accepted, as he said, the choice which others made. "He folded the Patent

[1] Rymer, Foedera, July 20, 1261.
[2] The monastic chroniclers indeed of Worcester, Tewkesbury, and Dunstable, who were all strongly on the baron's side, believed that Louis was influenced by the two Queens against his better judgment; thus one says Rex Francice, ut dieebatur, ob favorem dictas provisiones quassavit omnino (Ann. Mon., IV, 448). Another, frauds mulieris serpentina deceptus et seductus, ibid., I, 177. [3] Madox, Exchequer, I, 70 (ed. 1769).

xvi Introduction.

with his own hands, and had it sealed in his own presence", as the Scribe noted in the Patent Roll. [1] A grant of five hundred marks a year was made, to include the support of the Clerks of the Royal Chancery. The Roll of the household expenses of the Countess of Leicester contains an incidental notice at this time that illustrates the ruling influence which determined his appointment. On March 1st there is an entry of a complimentary gift of wine sent to the Chancellor at Salisbury, and a special messenger was despatched with letters to him in July. [2] The Earl of Leicester had attended at the funeral of William de Cantilupe at Studeley in 1251, and there seem to have been close relations between the families concerned.

There are few signs of the official activity of the new Chancellor; early in May he delivered the Great Seal to the Keeper of the Wardrobe to be kept till his return, we know not whence; a little later, when the royalists were already in the field, the King gave instructions - dictated of course by those in power - that Thomas de Cantilupe, if he should be still in London, should take action with others named to regulate the affairs of the Jewry, "without giving heed to Prince Edward or his officials". [3] Little further is recorded beyond the testimony of his admirers that he would accept no gifts from importunate suitors, and was ready to resign his office rather than set his seal to deeds unworthy of the King. [4] But as Henry was in fact a prisoner, and his control purely nominal, the risk could not have been great.

The battle of Evesham closed the period of civil strife, and on Aug. 18th the Great Seal passed into other hands by the King's unfettered choice. The ex-Chancellor received the King's pardon soon afterwards, [5] but went back to his books again, and probably without regret. Though Archdeacon of Stafford, and largely beneficed, the ripe scholar seemed to need yet more to qualify him for his ecclesiastical career. He returned therefore to Paris, at the age of forty-seven, to add the study of Theology to the courses in the three Faculties through which he had already passed. It was at this time

[1] 49 H. III, m. 18, March 29.
[2] Botfield, Rotulus Hospitii Com. Leic., p. 6.
[3] Madox, Exchequer, p. 234.
[4] Acta Sanct., p. 497.
[5] Patent Roll, 50 H. III, Pardonatio Thome de Cantilupo quondam Cancellarii Regis.

The Study of Theology. xvii

that he came into close relations with two future Archbishops of Canterbury, both of them eminent in the Lecture-Halls of Paris, from whom he received afterwards in England treatment of a very different kind, Robert Kilwardby, a Dominican, who was also his Confessor, and John Peckham, a Fransciscan Friar.

The course in Theology was commonly a long one. For four years expositions on the books of Scripture were attended, and for two more years lectures on the Sentences of Peter Lombard; after this an examination might be passed, and the licence for a degree having been obtained, the Bachelor could publicly expound some book of Scripture. Survivors of the Bishop testified that they had heard him deliver lectures of a cursory kind - that is, at some time when the regular lectures were not given, or in some less formal manner, - both on the Apocalypse and on the Canonical Epistles. [1] How much time this occupied is not definitely known, but it is recorded in an Episcopal Register that in 1268 a further dispensation for three years was granted him that he might study Theology while absent from his clerical duties in the diocese of Worcester, and an attorney was appointed to do suit in the Bishop's court for lands in Norton under Bredon. [2]

After some years he returned to Oxford and became a regent Master in the Faculty in which he had been studying at Paris (rexit in Theologia). At the ceremony of conferring the degree Kilwardby, now Archbishop, delivered from his own personal knowledge a set eulogy, such as was customary after the Vesperica, or the formal disputation on the eve of the inception, declaring him to be pure and blameless, "unspotted from the world". [3]

For a year and four months he remained there to lecture, and during that period he was elected to the Chancellorship again, the duties of which office he relinquished in the year 1274, when another interest called him away from England.

A second time, after the lapse of nearly thirty years he was present as Papal Chaplain at a General Council held, as before, at Lyons, but under far happier conditions than

[1] Acta Sanct., p. 498.
[2] Godfrey Giffard, Reg, fol. 7a.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 542.

xviii Introduction.

the First. The Chair of St. Peter was now filled by the noble-minded Gregory X., whose schemes of ambition centred in the rescue of the Holy Land, which was to follow on the union of a divided Christendom. Bishops and dignified ecclesiastics flocked in crowds from every quarter to take part in the reconciliation of the Greek and Roman Churches, and in the furtherance of ecclesiastical reforms. Among them came the mature scholar with personal experience enough of civil strife and a disorganized Church at home to welcome gladly the ideals of peace and union, with beneficent safeguards and corrections, which were laid before the Council. He may have met a great Archbishop who was also there, Eudes Eigaud of Rouen, who was well-known to have been indefatigable for years in the visitation of his diocese, as described in his journal in minute detail. [1] The memory of his resolute example was perhaps not lost on Cantilupe, who must have heard in early days of the artifices by which the monks of Tewkesbury evaded his uncle's questions when he came on his unwelcome visitations. At the Council beneficent reforms were in the air; but soon the guiding spirit of the movement passed away, and with him the bright visions of the Kingdom of God, and the hopes of enduring progress. But the frequent references to the Council in the pages of this volume shew that some practical steps were taken without delay to grapple with the abuses of Church Order, and that Cantilupe in the administration of his diocese was entirely loyal to the regulations framed at Lyons. The efficiency of the parochial system had been fatally enfeebled. Churches were given in commendam; their custody was entrusted to laymen, who might have no intention to proceed immediately, or even at all, to Holy Orders; patrons presented their children to rich benefices while they were still boys at school; foreigners, by provision from the Pope, claimed the enjoyment of the tithes of parishes in which they never lived. It was some check on these abuses when the Council decreed that no unqualified person should be admitted to the custody of any church for more than six months at a time; that those presented to a benefice who were in minor Orders should be bound to proceed in due course to the priesthood; and that residence should be enforced except after

[l] Registrum Visitationum Arch. Rothom., Th. Bonnin, 1852.

Cantihope's benefices. xix

formal dispensation of the Ordinary. The mention of the Council in the entries of the Register [1] means commonly that these decrees would be enforced, and the numerous cases of acolytes and sub-deacons presented by the patrons - and those religious houses often - illustrate the laxity of recent usage. The regulations could not indeed be stringently enforced. Patrons were too powerful, public opinion was too weak, to make it possible to ignore claims confidently made.

Moved probably by the strong language lately heard at Lyons, Cantilupe returned no more to any scene of Academic study, but gave more time and thought to the benefices which he held. These, we know, were many, though we have no certain data to enable us to make out an exhaustive list, or ascertain how long they were in his charge, for some of the Episcopal Registers do not exist and entries of the institutions are in most cases missing. He was Archdeacon of Stafford and Canon of Lichfield, Precentor of York, [2] Prebendary of St. Paul's, London, [3] and also of Hereford; in addition to these offices he was incumbent of a number of parochial churches. Wintringham in the diocese of York he had held for thirty years; [4] Deighton, where the Yorkshire Cantilupes were settled afterwards, was given him by Dame Agatha Trussebut in 1247; [5] Hampton Episcopi in the diocese of Worcester was a gift almost certainly of his uncle Walter, like the churches of Rippel and Kempsey, which were also manors of the See; Dodderhill he may have owed to that Bishop's influence with the patrons, the Prior and Convent of Worcester. Another, Snitterfield in the same diocese, near Stratford-on-Avon, came to him probably from his uncle John, who possessed the manor by right of his wife, Margaret Cumin. Aston-Cantelow in the same county and diocese must have been in his father's gift, to whom the manor was confirmed by Henry III. Sherborne Decani, [6] (now Sherborne St. John s) in Hampshire, which he

[1] See p. 36, etc.
[2] To this Church he presented a cope, which was shown as his gift long afterwards; see York Minster Fabric Rolls, p. 229 (Surtees Soc.).
[3] This has been supposed to be Cantlers prebend, but as to this no evidence exists; it appears to have been given not long before 1264. Papal Regesta, I, 417.
[4] Papal Regesta, Feb., 1244. It was described as in Lincoln dioc.
[5] Abp. Gray, Reg., p. 99 (Surtees Soc.).
[6] So called in the Sherborne charters (now at Queen's College, Oxford). One of these documents mentions the sale of some land of the Priory to him (crofta que vocatur Shepmanspick). It was pleaded in later days that the Priory itself was under the protection of St. Thomas of Hereford (Act. 14 Edw. IV., 33).

xx Introduction.

visited several times during the period of his episcopate, was in the patronage of the St. John family, afterwards lords of Basing, into one branch of which his sister Agnes married. To this must be added the benefice of Bradwell, [1] in the diocese of London, which perhaps was given in pursuance of an indult granted by the Pope in 1245, and addressed to the Bishop of London. [2] He had doubtless canonical dispensations to hold all these together, and the public opinion of the age condoned the practice, excepting when the endowments were enjoyed by aliens abroad. Our informants, who were personal friends or members of his household, were careful to assure us that he was most exemplary in his regard for the responsibilities of the various charges which he held. He travelled frequently, they said, from one parish to another, and this implies perhaps long intervals between his terms of residence at Paris or at Oxford; he would have vicars who could preach well and do their duty; he shewed open-handed hospitality, and dispensed liberal alms giving to the poor with thoughtful and delicate discrimination. The buildings on the glebes were substantially maintained, and the rights of the church upheld, even at the cost of occasional litigation. [3] He had ample means indeed for this, for his revenue from these appointments was estimated at a thousand marks, and he spent little on himself for his personal comfort.

Little is told us in detail of what he did besides during this short period of his pastoral activity. At Court he had been soon pardoned for allowing himself to be forced as Chancellor upon the King. He was made a member of the Council by the succeeding Monarch; in Feb., 1274, the Sheriff of Oxford was instructed to hand over to his keeping certain brawlers there who had been arrested for grave offences; [4] and he was named in company with Ralph de Hengham and others as a judge. [5] Meanwhile family affairs claimed some of his attention. He had lost in 1265 his uncle Walter, for whom he acted as executor. [6] His nephew George

[1] Acta Sanct., p. 542.
[2] Papal Regesta, I, 223.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 500. There is a memorandum of agreement to settle a dispute as to the tithes of salt between T. de C., Rector of St. Austin's, Doderhulle, and sundry parishioners (D. and C., Worcester, Doc. No. 285).
[4] Close Rolls, Feb. 8, 1274. [5] Close Rolls, May, 1275. [6] See p. 134.

The election at Hereford. xxi

died in 1273, shortly after he came of age, and left no issue. The estates passed to his two sisters, of whom Milicent by a second marriage became the wife of Eudo la Zouche, ancestor of the Lords Zouche of Haringworth, who is named several times in our Register as patron of some family livings. [1] The other sister married Henry, Lord Hastings, ancestor of the Earls of Pembroke. Another uncle, Nicholas, had also died, leaving a son and heir who was brought into the King's Court on May 15, 1275, and delivered to the King by his uncle Thomas, as his marriage was at the disposal of the Crown. But he received him back again to be kept during the King's pleasure. [2]

Of the preferments which he now held the prebend at Hereford seems to have been the last acquired. We are told that in 1273 John le Breton, who was then Bishop, asked him as a favour to accept it at his hands, and further expressed the hope that he might be his successor. [3] The opportunity soon came for he died on May 12, 1275. On the 23rd William de Conflens, [4] Archdeacon of Hereford, and Luke de Bree (or Bray), Canon, brought the official tidings of his death, and licence was given to the Dean and Chapter to proceed to an election. [5] Cantilupe preached before the Chapter on the eve of the day fixed for that event. There was no agreement at the first; the choice was therefore left in the hands of a Committee specially appointed for the purpose (compromissarii); these with one accord declared that they would have Thomas for their head. It is reported that there were several Canons who had the same Christian name, and that the question was asked eagerly, "which Thomas ?". [6] The compotus rolls of the Cathedral shew that there were two others of the Chapter who bore the same Christian name, but they do not appear afterwards as men of mark. [7] We are told indeed that

[1] See p. 28.
[2] Close Rolls, May 15, 1275.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 500.
[4] The entry in the Patent Roll calls him Walter de Confleys, but the Archdeacon's Christian name was William, and documents in the Archives at Hereford and Evreux made it clear that the usual form of the surname was Conflens. A Margaret de Conflens received a legacy by the will of John de Aquablanca.
[5] Patent Rolls, May 23, 1275.
[6] Acta Sanct., p. 500.
[7] Thomas Bruton and T. de St. Omer. The latter, however, became the Official of Archbishop Peckham, and taking his side against Cantilupe, was angry with a poor distraught woman who said that she had been cured at his tomb, insisting that it was due to the merits of Bishop Robert de Betune, for whom offerings were still made at Hereford twelve shillings and fourpence in 1301 (Compotus Roll); See Acta Sanct., p. 622.

xxii Introduction.

the name was then uncommon, perhaps suggested by that of Becket, [1] unlikely as it seems.

The Chapter appears to have been left unusually free to act, and their choice was accepted by both King and Pope. The Consecration took place on September 8th, but only the Bishops of London and Rochester were present with the Primate at the ceremony. The Registers of Bronescombe of Exeter and Godfrey Giffard of Worcester contain their letters of apology sent to Archbishop Kilwardby, but he did not conceal his annoyance [2] at the scant courtesy shewn by the prelates in the neighbouring Sees [3] to one whom he had himself delighted to honour at Oxford, and of whom he speaks in warm terms soon afterwards in his letter to Prince Llewelyn. [4]

Meanwhile the Bishop of Worcester had written to him in June to promise that, if he were allowed to collate to all the benefices which Cantilupe held of the Bishop's patronage, the same should be restored to him in case he should not be confirmed and consecrated. [5]

The Dean and Chapter held in trust for the See certain pontificals which were to be handed down from one to another of its Bishops. [6] These indeed were few at the time, for much had been plundered in the turbulent days when Peter de Aquablanca suffered. Those which remained are specified, [7] but Cantilupe added to their number, [8] as did also his successor. [9]

A like system prevailed with regard to the emblements and live and other stock on the Episcopal manors, according to an arrangement made by Bishop Ralph of Maidstone of which details are given us; [10] and this also was observed and enlarged by some of his successors. [11]

One of the first acts of the 'Elect of Hereford', as he is styled, was to write to the Chapter to deplore the scandals caused by the two rival claimants to the office of Dean, who

[1] Eyton, Shropshire, VII, 31.
[2] Gervase, Cont., II, 286.
[3] The Welsh bishops neither came nor cared to excuse their absence.
[4] See p. 10.
[5] Giffard, Reg., June 17, 1275.
[6] A mitre bought for Archbishop Peckham cost £73 4s. 1d., which was at least £2000 of present value. Peckh. Reg., Ill, 957.
[7] See p. 5.
[8] Swinf. Reg., f. 3a.
[9] Orleton, Reg., f. 12a.
[10] See p. 38.
[11] Compare with this the live stock bequeathed by Peter des Roches in 1238 to the See of Winchester. (Sandall, Reg., p. 631. Hants Record Soc.)+

The influence of Peter de Aquablanca. xxiii

disturbed the peace of the Cathedral and the City by the feuds between their partisans, and the excommunications which were scattered freely in their names; [l] while the corrective jurisdiction over the whole Deanery was, to his grief, entirely in abeyance. [2] The animosities in question began at a much earlier date, and to understand them fully we must go back to the times of Peter de Aquablanca, who ruled the diocese from 1240 to 1268. A Savoyard favourite of Henry III, he was long his trusted minister in affairs of state, employed in many confidential errands, and among others in the unscrupulous artifice, as it was regarded, by which the clergy and religious houses were pledged unwittingly to pay large sums to Pope and King; this caused the good hater, Matthew Paris, to say of him that his memory exhaled a sulphurous stench. [3] Not content with the widespread odium thus provoked, he engaged in a long quarrel with his Chapter, binding them with Papal sanctions to six months residence on their prebends, [4] though himself for long periods absent from his diocese, and further disputing their rights of property and customary claims. [5] Meanwhile a swarm of kinsmen and fellow-countrymen had followed him to Hereford, and with his help were quartered in the dignities and benefices of the See. Here as elsewhere the rapid rise of the intruders was resented, for it must be owned that Englishmen at this time was fiercely intolerant of the foreigners amongst them. For their dislike of the Poitevin and Savoyard favourites of the King there was indeed good reason, as also of Italians who drew large sums by Papal provision from their churches; but we may judge of their narrowed sympathies when we find Spaniards spoken of as "hideous in their persons, contemptible in their dress, and detestable in their manners". [6]

At Hereford the presence of this intruded element caused much heart-burning, and at times unseemly strife even within

[1] See p. 2.
[2] As a territorial expression, the Deanery included eighteen parishes, with chapelries annexed, which were exempted from the direct jurisdiction of the Bishop. The Clergy presented by the patrons were instituted by the Dean; the churches were visited by him; the matrimonial and testamentary business passed through the hands of his officials; and he had also powers of coercive discipline in faith and morals which brought him into relation with all classes of the people. It was the suspension of these which Cantilupe so much regretted. Even as late as the eighteenth century apparitors went to and fro; offenders were summoned; and penitents in doleful guise were forced to confess their sins in Church before the congregation.
[3] Hist. v. 510.
[4] Papal Regesta, I, 229.
[5] Document in the Archives of the D. & C.
[6] Matthew Paris, V. 450.

xxiv Introduction.

the walls of the Cathedral. Peter de Langon, a Savoyard prebendary, was dragged out of his stall by Roger de Bosbury; [1] a financial agent of the Bishop, Bernard, Prior of Champagne, was murdered while he was hearing Mass near the altar in the chapel of St. Mary Magdalene, close to the Bishop's palace, and a chronicler at Tewkesbury writes of the black deed without a trace of pity, almost indeed with a vindictive triumph. [2] Finally the Bishop himself, when the troubles of the civil war were at their height, was besieged in the Cathedral and roughly handled by Thomas Turbeville, who "harlede him out of church", as Robert of Gloucester puts it. [3] He was carried thence into imprisonment in Eardisley Castle by Roger de Clifford, together with his countrymen whom he had made canons. [4]

Giles de Avenbury had headed probably the movement of resistance which culminated in embittered strife till Papal arbitrators arranged terms of peace. He signed a deed of compromise about Baysham Church in 1252 as Dean, [5] but a Papal letter speaks of his intention to resign in 1253, and an indult was granted to him to hold another benefice besides those which he had already. [6] In 1261 he was no longer Dean; [7] and in 1263 he held the Treasurership and four benefices, the total value of which barely reached forty marks on account of the frequent wars on the Welsh border. [8] Instead of voluntary resignation as proposed, Giles seems to have been forcibly deprived of his office, [9] but on what grounds does not appear. In the Obit notice of him on Oct. 20 it is said that he bore great labour and heavy charges in maintaining the rights and possessions of his church. [10] In any case he appealed sooner or later to the Ecclesiastical Courts, and in 1270 obtained from the Official of Canterbury a sentence in his favour. John de

[1] Swinfield. Reg. 70a.
[2] Quidam Francigena, non religiosus sed irreligiosus, procurator Domini Episcopi Herefordensis, meritis suis exigentibus, morte miserabili, se in capella sua missam audiente, a quibusdam percutitur.
[3] II. 741.
[4] Flores Hist. II. 480. Ann Monast., I, 148, but Clifford had to pay dearly for the outrage, being fined 300 marks by Gregory X. (deed in Archives), and humiliated by the Bishop (Acta Sanct., p. 509).
[5] Charter in the Archives D. & C. Baysham stood for the parish of Sellack.
[6] Papal Regesta, I. 293.
[7] Charter in the Archives.
[8] Papal Regesta, I. 392.
[9] De Decanatu suo spoliatus. Gervase, II, 252 (Rolls).
[10] Rawlinson, Hereford, App., p. 26.

Savoyards in Hereford. xxv

Aquablanca, the Bishop's nephew, had been put into his place, after a short interval, by the votes, we may suppose, of the Savoyards and their friends in Chapter, under pressure from above, and John now appealed from Canterbury to Rome, betaking himself there in person, while the suit dragged on for years, till judgment was given in his favour. Meanwhile Cathedral and City were distracted by the quarrel; spiritual curses were banded to and fro; the coercive jurisdiction of the office was neglected to the grief of Cantilupe; [l] and Giles himself was unable to take possession of his place. [2]

John's uncle had left his sermons to him in his will, on condition of the payment of fifty pounds of Tours, but we may doubt if he cared much for such literature, [3] and in his visits to the Cardinals to expedite his suit ready money was more useful.

John le Breton, the successor of Peter in the See, had been canon himself, and under the influence of the party-spirit of the past, he seems to have looked with an unfriendly eye on the foreign influence imported. On some grounds only vaguely mentioned, as requirements of right and order, he deprived one of them, Peter de Langon, of his prebend, which he offered to Cantilupe in 1273. The acceptance of it was a questionable act on his part, shewing perhaps more social prejudice than judgment. Certainly it brought him much trouble and anxiety for the rest of his career. The ejected prebendary appealed to Rome, and as Cantilupe did not reinstate him when the prebend was vacated by himself, the suit which had been begun dragged on for sixteen years in the dilatory Papal Courts, costing the Bishop much expense and many letters to his proctors, in which he warned them to beware of the wiles of the Burgundians, and of canons of Hereford who might be on the spot. [4] Meantime he had bestowed the prebend on Henry de Woodstock, the Queen's Chancellor, who undertook to bear the charges of the lawsuit, and to give instructions to his agents, [5] but still the Bishop's reputation was at stake. At length the plaintiff was reinstated, and heavy damages awarded

[1] See p. 115.
[2] See p. 32.
[3] He had a library, however, which was to be sold at his death and the proceeds given to charity (Will in Archives of D. & C.).
[4] See p. 13.
[5] See p. 18, but this relief did not last long.

xxvi Introduction.

him, long after Cantilupe and others concerned had passed away.

Besides John there were other members of the Aquablanca family of whom the Register makes mention, and commonly with some note of disfavour or of ill-repute. Emeric, [1] the Chancellor, claimed the patronage of All Saints and St. Martin's in Hereford, as the representative of his brother John, ejecting the existing Vicar who pathetically appealed to his Diocesan for justice. [2] Their uncle had in earlier days possessed himself of the advowson of St. Peter's, to which he had no right; but after some time he formally renounced the claim. [3] A third brother, Aymon, also a canon, is mentioned in the will of John. Their nephew James [4] had been made Archdeacon of Salop while still a schoolboy and had held this office, with more preferment, while away for five years at his studies. [5] For some unnamed offence sentence of deprivation was passed upon him, and after many citations from the Bishop [6] he formally resigned his place. William de Conflens, [7] Archdeacon of Hereford, William de Gruyere, [8] Precentor of Lausanne, and Martin de Gaye, [9] who were canons, are known to have come from the same region, and there is no doubt that the Chapter was well packed with Bishop Peter's countrymen and partisans. To these may be added others of the beneficed clergy, like Peter and Pontius de Salins, (dits de Cors) of Coeur, [10] near Aquablanca, nephews of Dean John, who were repeatedly summoned by Cantilupe for non-residence and contumacy in non-appearance. [11] Cantorin, a physician of Bishop Peter, had been promised a benefice by the King, [12] and is found afterwards at Eastnor as Rector. [13] Gerard of Eugines, Rector of Colwall, [14] Peter de Vesino, [15] Martin de Chambery, [16] Hugh

[1] Emeric is said to have been a favourite Savoyard prenomen.
[2] See p. 30.
[3] Deed in Archives of D. & C.
[4] Also called James de Vitri (Acta Sanct., p. 510); he had been ordered to reside in Hereford and put vicars on the benefices which he held (Papal Regesta, I, 229).
[5] Papal Regesta. I, 338.
[6] See p. 63, etc,
[7] Conflans., now a faubourg of Albertville, stands on a rock which looks down on the meeting point of the Isere and the torrent of Arly. The name (from Confluentes) is found where Roman influence was early felt; elsewhere the old Gallic element has given the name of Conde to places at the junction of river courses.
[8] Also called de Sarreta, and Treasurer of Lausanne, p. 136. He was a son of Count Rudolph III.
[9] See p. 154.
[10] Salins was near Moutiers en Savoie; Cor or Coeur was near Aquablanca en Tarentaise.
[11] See p. 126, etc.
[12] Gascon Rolls, 4918.
[13] See p. 6.
[14] See p. 86.
[15] Mugnier, les Savoyards en Angleterre, p. 195. [16] See p. 27.

Restitution claimed from Llewelyn. xxvii

de Tournon, [1] Geoffrey de Virieux, [2] and Vicini de Conflens, [3] belonged to the same neighbourhood.

The acceptance of the prebend of Preston by Cantilupe under such questionable conditions, and the troubles that ensued, could have left little doubt as to his sympathies when questions were at issue between Burgundians and others. His decision therefore was a foregone conclusion when disputes of the kind were referred to his decision; indeed he definitely says on one occasion that he will not willingly plant in his orchard an exotic or unfruitful tree. [4] Such a case occurred in 1276 when there was a contested claim to the prebend of Inkberrow between William Rufus and Humbert de Yanua, [5] who was the Chanter of the collegiate church of Aquabella, founded by Bishop Peter after the type of his own Cathedral Chapter. The question had been brought before the Papal Courts, but both parties in the suit resigned themselves unconditionally to the award of Cantilupe, which was promptly given in favour of the English claimant. [6]

The Bishop was soon made aware, if he did not already know, that the possessions of the See had suffered from aggressive neighbours. His predecessor, John le Breton, believed till lately to have been a notable lawyer in his day, [7] had shewn supine indifference to such wrongs, but the reins were now in stronger hands, and without delay the rights of the See were fearlessly asserted in the face of powerful opponents. The first of whom restitution was demanded was Llewelyn, Prince of Wales. Some districts of the border lands appurtenant to Montgomery, when Earl Roger held it, had been granted early in the thirteenth century to Bishop Giles de Braose by a son of Robert de Boilers. This was seized in the King's name in 1224, as part of the Honour of Montgomery, but was restored to Hugh Foliot on his appeal. It was again seized on the same grounds by the Constable of Montgomery in 1261-4.

[1] See p. 126 The Chateau of Tournon had been given by Amedee IV, Count of Savoy, to his brother, Archbishop Boniface, who had also Eugines close by, at the junction of la Chaise and Arly.
[2] See p. 136. Viriacum probably was Virieux near Culoz.
[3] Called de Confleto in p. 184. cf a poute Conficti usque ad Loyam, Mugnier, p. 220.
[4] See p. 249.
[5] Referred to also in Peckham Reg., III, 1056.
[6] See p. 84.
[7] On the strength of a passage found in some copies of what was known as Matthew of Westminster, v. Britton (Nichols), Introduction, p. xix.

xxviii Introduction.

During the Civil War the surrounding district was occupied by Llewelyn, encouraged by the barons, and part of it was now reclaimed by Cantilupe, as belonging to the episcopal estates, no regard being paid by him to the repeated seizure of it in earlier days in the King's name. This included Chastroke, now called Castle Wright, Aston, and Muliton now Mellington. [1] Strong letters, one after another, demanded the unconditional surrender of these lands, under pain of the gravest spiritual censures. [2] The Archbishop of Canterbury was induced to write in the same spirit to urge restitution. [3] The critical condition of the Prince a little later, arid his final overthrow decided the question of his claim, but it appears that the tenants of the disputed lands would not recognise the Bishop's title, and he wrote repeatedly to denounce the malcontents. [4]

In another suit Cantilupe resolutely braved the resentment of the great baron, whose support had given to Prince Edward the crowning victory of Evesham. Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, had taken possession with his foresters of the episcopal Chase of Eastnor and Colwall above Ledbury, which had been given to the See by King Medruth with confirmation from Pope Innocent II.; [5] and this without protest apparently from John le Breton. His successor lost no time in insisting on his rights. The Earl was summoned to defend his trespass (Oct., 1275), but his great influence intimidated at first the local officers; many adjournments were allowed, which delayed the issue for two years. At length by the King's order the Earl's foresters were withdrawn; the Bishop, to assert his right, was allowed to hunt over the Chase; after which the Sheriff took possession of the woods. A writ was issued, in obedience to which the Justices came to hold an inquest; a jury viewed the lands and decided in the Bishop's favour in Jan., 1278. His servants many years afterwards had much to tell of the final scene in the long debate; how the Earl appeared in force with armed retainers, bidding the Bishop know that no sorry shaveling should take from him what he and his ancestors had long enjoyed in peace; then handing to the Justices what purported to be a royal writ to postpone the proceedings and dismiss the jury. The Bishop, it is said,

[1] Eyton, Shropshire, XI, 155.
[2] See pp. 9, 29, 31, etc.
[3] See p. 10.
[4] See p. 97.
[5] Watkins, Cont. Duncomb's Heref., p. 54.

Encroachments of the Corbets. xxix

retired to a wood hard by, from which he issued presently in full pontificals, with clergy at his side, and hurled anathemas at all who ventured to obstruct the course of justice. The Earl thereupon rode off, and the jury gave their verdict. [1] The Earl's foresters, insolent and menacing before, were overawed, and long afterwards some of them appeared as penitents before the Bishop, and sued for formal absolution. [2]

An entry in the Register [3] shews that the Bishop was prepared to put his champion in the field, to whom he paid an annual retaining fee to maintain his rights in duel. It was still the practice at the end of the thirteenth century even for religious dignitaries and convents to keep a professional duellist for time of need. Thus the Annals of Worcester mention two cases of the kind, [4] and in the Archives at Hereford the receipts are still preserved of the yearly payments of half a mark which were made (pro feodo meo) to Robert le Bret, pugil (1296), and to Robert de Melton Mowbray (1311) for services when needed by the Dean and Chapter.

In a third suit Cantilupe disputed the pretensions of a turbulent and litigious family on the Welsh borders of Shropshire. The Corbets were great barons who came over in the Conqueror's train from the Pays de Caux, and built a strong castle which commanded the valley of the Rea, naming it, like Earl Montgomery, after their Norman home. [5] There they were mighty hunters, and Peter Corbet in 1281 was specially commissioned by the King to destroy the wolves on his own land and in neighbouring counties. [6] Thomas Corbet, who had been succeeded by his son Peter in 1274, had been busy in lawsuits and disputes with his vassals, neighbours, kinsmen, and even with his son, and claimed peculiar rights over his Welsh lands which withdrew them from the sphere of common law. The family had suffered, like the See, from the aggressions of Llewelyn, but on the other side had encroached, as was urged by Cantilupe, upon the great manor of Lydbury, stretching over 18,000 acres, which was said to have been given it by a great landowner of early days, Egwin Shakbeard, after his cure at the shrine of St. Ethelbert. There it was urged in behalf of

[1] Acta Sanct., p. 511.
[2] See p. 227.
[3] See p. 104.
[4] Ann. Monast., IV, pp. 464, 467.
[5] Eyton, Shropshire, XI, 194.
[6] Rymer, Foedera, May 14, 1281.

xxx Introduction.

Cantilupe that much of a district called Longa Memida containing from five to seven miles of pasturage had been annexed. [1] At his instance therefore a writ was issued, and a perambulation of the land in dispute was arranged for March, 1278. A jury of belted knights was summoned, but several were challenged by Peter Corbet, and the rest refused to act without the due number of knights. At length, after remonstrances and threats of fines, a proper perambulation was made, and the boundaries fixed. [2]

Before Cantilupe's Consecration he wrote to the civic authorities of Hereford to beg them to respect the rights and privileges of the Cathedral and its clergy. [3] There had been much friction in the past; there were to be many quarrels in the future; and later pages of our Register illustrate in some detail the causes that led repeatedly to collision and disputes. The variety of conflicting jurisdictions accounted for much of the ill-feeling. The Church-land and the city-land: the King's men and the Bishop's men were marked off from each other by their different rights and obligations; there was distinct assize of bread and beer; the shopkeepers privileges differed in each; the power of the Mayor stopped short at the precincts of the Close; and law-days were held in the Canons Bake-house for the Bishop's Fee, or for that part of it inside the liberties which was called afterwards the Canons Fee, within which the City Constable could make no arrest. Each prebend had indeed in some respects like independence, and claims for its own lawdays and assize. Disturbers of the peace passed to a different police system when they crossed a street, to the grave risk of security and order. Some houses were partly in the Canons fee and partly in the King's fee, and knavish occupants could transfer their furniture from one side to the other, and so balk the civic officers when they came to levy distraint upon their goods. Collision between such vested rights was unavoidable, and in Bishop Peter's time there was much hot dispute, after which a formal memorandum of agreement was drawn up, and enrolled by Royal mandate, November, 1262. Of this a copy was entered in our Register, called for doubtless by friction existing at the time. [4] Again the exclusive privileges of the

[1] See p. 69, 'Longemimede'. Acta Sanct., p. 512, 'Longa Memida'.
[2] See p. 73.
[3] See p. 6. 4 See p. 91.

Dispute with Anianus of St. Asaph, xxxi

Bishop's Fair were in Hereford, as were the like elsewhere, a constant source of irritation to the trading classes in the town. Given by special licence from the Crown for a fixed number of days, and extended afterwards by further grant, these monopolies of barter stopped all competition while they lasted; closed all the shops within the town; forced the country folks and traders from a distance to pay the Bishop's tolls, and buy and sell only for his profit. The custody of the city gates passed into his keeping, while his men displaced the municipal officials, and made the most of all their short-lived powers. The natural resentment of the townsfolk found expression at this time; the bailiffs refused to give up the keys of the gates as usual, in spite of the remonstrance of the Official of the Bishop, and called forth from him a stern rebuke, [1] which seems to have had effect, as we hear no more upon the subject.

The disputes with his lay neighbours could be settled, though with some delay, in the King's Courts at home. There was another of a different kind, which caused him far more anxiety, and of which he never saw the end. The hot-headed and litigious Bishop of St. Asaph, Anianus II., [2] laid claim to the spiritual jurisdiction over several parishes in a district called Gordwr, on the Welsh border, which had belonged to the diocese of Hereford, thus repeating in another form the aggressions of Llewelyn. The question was brought before the Court of Rome, debated there, referred to Archbishop Peckham, and judges-delegate in England, against whose action Cantilupe, mistrusting their impartiality, appealed to Rome again, and it was left undecided at his death. The subject constantly recurs in his letters to his legal agents, and to friendly Cardinals and others, in connexion with the suit of Langon, and together they made large inroads on his peace of mind and purse. [3]

[1] See p. 83.
[2] The name of Anianus of Nannan recurs often in the annals of this period. He had been Prior of the Dominican house at Rhuddlan, was a militant Crusader with Edward I; after his return home he was embroiled with Llewelyn, whom he charged with wronging the Monasteries of his diocese. A number of the Welsh Cistercian Abbots formally defended Llewelyn from this charge (Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, I, 498), but a Charter of liberties was finally procured. In the Welsh war of 1282 the Cathedral of St. Asaph was burnt down, and Archbishop. Peckham found it needful to rebuke him for leaving his flock, and to warn him not to excommunicate the English soldiers. By royal order he was forbidden to return, and Bishop Burnell took charge of his diocese meantime. In 1284 he was still in banishment notwitstanding repeated appeals from Peckham to the King.
[3] The matter was afterwards referred to delegates in England, and a mixed jury of Welsh and English was assembled; their verdict was in favour of Hereford, and the boundary fixed on was the mid-stream of the Severn between two fords. Eyton, Shropshire, VII, 88.

xxxii Introduction.

It has been argued that the common practice of direct appeal to the Pope was beneficial to the suitors, and in the interests of justice, since it saved the expense of litigation in the courts of primary instance, and ensured the hearing of the cases by competent judges, while the official of a bishop might be biassed or ill-trained. The correspondence in our Register furnishes some evidence of weight on the other side. It illustrates in the first place the dilatory procedure of the Papal Curia that allowed cases to drag on for many years, as in both of those which have been lately mentioned. With the tardy action of the courts we must connect the notorious venality of high-placed officials there. A letter of Cantilupe to his proctors deals with the arrangements to be made for winning their support. Leading Cardinals are to be visited - the common euphemism for the presents to be offered - and the Bishop explains his views in some detail as to the way in which the sum of a hundred pounds which he provides is to be divided for the purpose. It is all that he can spare at present, and evidently not enough, though equivalent to at least fifteen hundred now. The Pope himself is named among the persons whose favour is to be bought, though the writer includes him with reluctance. [1] We must accept therefore with reserves the plea of justice ensured and expenses saved by such direct appeals. As in other respects a wise and benevolent despot could work the system to general advantage, but it might sadly fail in weaker hands. Of course it discredited the local authorities in all lands, weakened their influence, and disorganized the Church.

In connexion with these negotiations at the Papal Curia we read in all the contemporary documents of accredited financial agents, and to these references frequently occur in the pages of our Register. The Italian bankers seem in the thirteenth century to have completely displaced in the higher regions of finance both the Jews, who had a practical monopoly in earlier days, as well as the detested Caorsins from the South of France, [2] whom Grosseteste calls, "the traffickers and bankers of the Lord Pope". [3] They are spoken of as merchants, though we hear

[l] See p. 274.
[2] The name Caorsins was used afterwards without regard to Cahors or the South of France, and applied to foreign moneylenders of all kinds.
[3] Matthew Paris, V, 404.

The Italian bankers. xxxin

little of purely commercial dealings with them. The Crown indeed employed them at times to sell the wool, the chief English export, but they were more frequently used by it to collect the subsidies and tenths, and to advance the ready money needed for the service of the State. Their representatives accompanied the legates or Papal agents sent to England, and furnished the funds required for their exactions. They were also to be found in attendance on the Papal Curia, where they occupied a very privileged position. Preferment to high dignities in the Church caused often long delays, and always heavy charges, [1] pensions often to obliging Cardinals and others; to expedite the process the money-lenders help was very needful; in the interest of high officials and of the Papal Treasury itself they were armed with a sort of international guarantee, in the form of the ecclesiastical censures and suspensions of defaulting debtors, by which the creditors were screened from loss. Thus letters Apostolic ran "If you find the money has not been paid you will excommunicate the Abbot and the convent, announcing it on Sundays and on feast days till satisfaction has been made to the merchants; if two months later they have not paid, you will suspend them from administration of spirituals and temporals". Some prelates groaned for years under the weight of burdens thus incurred. Archbishop Peckham, who as a mendicant friar had little to fall back on, was in dire fear that sentences of excommunication would be launched against him in default of payment of a debt of four thousand marks; [2] Walter Giffard of York pleaded to the Pope to be allowed to pay his debt off by instalments of a thousand marks; [3] he heard from a Cardinal that his pension of three hundred marks must be paid, or something grave would follow. Others, like Cantilupe, who had means to defray preliminary expenses, found advances very useful later on to pay proctors and advocates in the tedious lawsuits in which they were constantly involved, and to bribe Cardinals and even Popes to grant a favourable issue to their suits. Though we hear of individual names like Bardus of Poggibonzi, [4] and Lucas of Lucca, [5] they were really joint stock companies that were engaged. There was a curious fancy that, as in their corporate

[1] A Bishop appointed by Papal provision was taxed at one third of his income.
[2] Reg. Ep. Peckham, I, 50.
[3] W. Giffard, Reg., p. 117.
[4] See p. 12.
[5] See p. 25.

xxxiv Introduction.

status they had no souls to be stained with the guilt of usury, they were not liable to any penal sanctions. Few of the Italian towns are named in these relations with the Crown and Bishops; the great commercial communities of Genoa and Venice held aloof from them, while the names of the financing companies of Florence, Lucca, and Sienna constantly recur.

There was a dispute also with another neighbouring prelate, the Bishop of St. David s, who claimed the right to consecrate the church of Abbey Dore, as pertaining to his See, and was supported by baron Tregoz, a nephew of Cantilupe, who had pecuniary interests at stake. These, however, had no effect upon his uncle's judgment, nor was he deterred by the show of military force assembled; he resolutely proceeded on his way, under protection of his escort, and completed the ceremony at some personal risk. Finally after reference to the law-courts, the question was decided in his favour. [1]

The cases already mentioned are very far from exhausting the list of the disputes in which the Bishop was concerned, for which resort was had to the courts of law in his behalf, or proceedings of the kind were threatened. In the examples given he was defending the interests of his See, was in the position of a trustee bound to take action in behalf of others. But he was quite as tenacious of his rights, and as resolute to uphold them, when the risks or losses possible were of a more personal kind. He enforced his claim to have delivered to him the daughters of a deceased tenant, who were legally his wards; [2] he pressed at Rome his demand on the executors of Geoffrey de Coberleye; [3] he promptly threatened action against the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, whose seneschal had used violence at Barling to his bailiff; [4] he repeatedly threatened, summoned, excommunicated offenders who had trespassed on his woods, slighted his authority, or rescued the impounded cattle. Vigilant care indeed was needed to preserve the wild game in the Chase or woodlands. It appears from other Registers to have been a favourite sport in which the clergy sometimes took their part to invade the episcopal preserves, and vary the salt food on their tables in the winter months by more appetising fare. It reads strangely when we find in the Patent Rolls that the Bishop himself twice received

[1] Acta Sanct., p. 513. [2] See p. 65, 73.
[3] See p. 106.
[4] See p. 14.

The Bishop's litigious temper. xxxv

the royal pardon for such trespass in the royal forests, [1] as indeed did Archbishop Peckham, [2] though it may have been in the case of Cantilupe some fault of the servants or foresters that was thus excused. Each reference to Courts of Law taken by itself is natural enough, shews no specially vindictive or litigious spirit. But what may surprise us is the frequency of their recurrence, and the large space in the Register which is filled with legal process. How shall we explain this feature? Had past neglect, and the weakness of his predecessor, made it needful to enforce the assertion of his rights? Was such resort to law but a more civilised form of the border warfare which had been going on for centuries on the Welsh frontier, expected therefore, almost required, by the public opinion of the age and place? Had the long years spent in the study of the Civil and the Canon law, with the experience of the Chancellorship at Oxford, influenced his judgment, and lessened the distaste, which might else be looked for in a Saint, for so much legal phraseology and practice? His admirers testified to the Commissioners of the placid calm and indifference to personal slights with which he treated at Oxford the petulance of wayward scholars, [3] but the acrimony with which he complained to the King that the quarters promised him at Powick had been given to the Earl of Gloucester [4] hardly agrees with such accounts, and embarrasses to some extent our judgment. [5]

Much of his time was taken up with the endeavour to enforce the canons of the Councils which were drawn up against the plurality of benefices in the Church, and the details fill many pages of this book. It had been forbidden by the Lateran Council in 1215, and the legate Otho had attempted to carry out the rule in England, but was met, as has been said already, with stout resistance from Walter Cantilupe of Worcester. It had been, however, re-enacted by the Second Council of Lyons, in connexion with the duty of the continuous residence of the incumbent on his charge. Our Bishop acted loyally on the instructions given, though the memory of his

[l] Close Rolls April 28, 1279, and July 4, 1280.
[2] He wrote a letter to the justices deprecating any interference with his recreation on his journey. Reg. Ep., Peckh, III, 942.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 497. 4 See p. 123.
[5] Curiously enough another English Saint of the same century, St. Edmund, had also a litigious record.

xxxvi Introduction.

own antecedents must have made it, for him as for others in like case, a most unpleasing task. He had, it is true, enjoyed the formal dispensations, for these were readily obtained by men of high rank or influence like himself. But it required some courage to insist as indeed he rarely does upon the moral aspects of the rule, on the personal oversight that was implied in a Rector's name and office. It was unfortunate moreover that one of the first to suffer from the enforcement of the rule was Hervey de Borham, Dean of St. Paul's, [1] whose name had been brought forward in competition with his own at the election, [2] and that several others belonged to the Burgundian, or intruded, element for which his sympathies were scant. He did not act hastily indeed; he had the offenders summoned time after time; waited patiently in court for the attendance which they seldom made; allowed excuses and adjournments which it was open to him to refuse. They did not take it seriously at first; were far away, or thought proceedings purely formal; did not at first present the pleas or dispensations which were valid; and so we have a tiresome iteration in the entries, which recite the same facts repeatedly without much seeming progress. At times a royal letter bars the way, [3] for the King will not have his clerks molested; or dignitaries, or wealthy ladies beg for a reprieve, which he was not unwilling to allow. [4] For very few were heartily in earnest in that movement of reform; most of the bishops were hampered by their antecedents, unlike Bishop Peckham, who as a friar had no past practice to clash with present theory; he indeed could denounce abuses which a King upheld, and refuse to confirm the election of a bishop who had been a pluralist himself.

John XXII. in the next century checked for a while these practices by the sweeping measures of his Constitution Execrabilis, but the whole system of dispensations procurable at Rome was a matter of favouritism and bribes, and there was warrant for the trenchant language of Prynne. "Notwithstanding all former canons, yet through the avarice, ambition, impiety of pluralists, dispensations and contrivances of Popes and Prelates for their own filthy lucre, they still increased more and more, and continued unredressed as a most

[1] See p. 88.
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 510.
[3] See p, 169.
[4] See p. 135.

Pluralists and non-residents. xxxvii

growing mischief and cancerous ulcer past all cure to the eternal infamy of those Popes, etc". [1]

The obligation of residence could not be easily enforced, especially by a Bishop who had ignored it for most of his adult life. A Constitution of Pope Boniface VIII. [2] had sanctioned dispensations in the case of the many minors kinsmen often of the patrons instituted to parochial cures, for whom clerical training, and even higher education with recourse to necessary books could hardly be provided except at a centre of general study. All the Bishops therefore granted licences to young Rectors and Archdeacons to go to Paris or to Oxford to pursue their studies, or have a pleasant time, if they were idle; and sometimes a tax was levied from them for the benefit of the fabric fund of the Cathedral. The licences were limited commonly at first to one or two years, but occasionally they spread over as many as seven. There was little security meantime that the purposes for which these were granted were fulfilled; the young incumbents failed frequently to appear for ordination at the stated times, and we hear therefore often of sequestrations for default. [3] Men of influence again and high-born ladies expected their nominees to attend them as their private chaplains, and their desires could not be always disregarded. The Crown had no scruple in using its ecclesiastical patronage for the payment of its servants, and angrily warned off the Bishop who was rash enough to summon the non-residents to their cures. [4] There were many others who gave trouble; aliens intruded by provision of a Pope, or by a Bishop like Peter de Aquablanca. It was difficult to learn if they had any special dispensation; they were often far away, and repeated citations were required to ascertain the facts; and hence the somewhat wearisome recurrence of such entries in the Register, and the scanty results of ineffectual attempts at discipline.

Among those who were cited on the ground of their nonresidence the names of portionists frequently recur. The expression was a common one in those days; it has not quite disappeared from the diocese now. The prebends of the collegiate

[1] Intal Usurp., etc., p. 232.
[2] It is thus referred to in episcopal registers: juxta formain Constitiicionis D. Bonefacii, que incipit, Cum ex eo.
[3] See p. 155.
[4] Peckham, Reg. I, 252, and p. 169.

xxxviii Introduction.

churches of remote antiquity still here and there remained distinct, while the process of union had gone on elsewhere; the division of some manors among co-parceners - as the six who shared Acton Scott [1] - helped probably to preserve the old type unchanged, and may possibly have added to the number of such cases. In the diocese of York, as we see in the pages of the early Registers, the fusion of the several portions went on rapidly in the thirteenth century; in the diocese of Hereford they remained unchanged longer than else where. Besides Pontesbury and Burford, which have their three portionists still, there was the same system at Bolde, [2] Bromyard, [3] Castle Holgate, [4] Condover, [5] Ledbury, [6] and Llanwarne [7]; there were six prebends even in the King's Chapel of Bridgnorth [8]representing the canonries existing in the earlier days in the wide-spread manor of Morville. The portionists of Pontesbury and Bromyard gave especial trouble to the Bishop; those of the latter were of the Aquablanca clan, and shared its self-assertion. Generally perhaps the portions were wellendowed, and many of them therefore passed into the hands of privileged aliens, who were non-resident, perhaps to the advantage of the peace and harmony of the divided parishes.

The Register does not throw full light on the conditions of the religious houses at this time. During the few years over which it spreads the Bishop did not find time to visit many; the formal reports on those which were visited by himself or by his delegates are not inserted; and we have only letters of general admonition to the monks. But these like other evidence of the period imply that the enthusiasm and high ideals of the conventual life were fading out of sight, and that the whole system was steadily declining. At Leominster Priory, of which we hear the most, the financial conditions were so bad that the King took it under his protection, [9] with the Abbey of Reading, of which it was a cell; this was itself three times sequestrated by the Crown to pay off its debts. There was much friction with the townsfolks who complained that they were not allowed to ring the bells

[1] Eyton, Shropshire. XI, 380.
[2] Ibid, I, 158.
[3] See p. 126.
[4] At Castle Holdgate there were three prebendaries, a presbyteral, a diaconal, and a subdiaconal. Eyton, IV, 71.
[5] Eyton, VI, 28.
[6] See p. 254.
[7] See p. 27.
[8] Rotuli hundred., II, p. 50. Five of the portions of Bridgnorth are entered with the names of their occupants in the Taxatio Nic.
[9] See p. 37.

The religious houses of the diocese. xxxix

which they had bought themselves, or gain admission to the church in which they had established rights. As in many other cases the townspeople and the monks shared the use of the same building, but at Leominster there was no solid partition between the two portions, and to screen the conventual rooms from trespassers the monks often closed the outer doors at times when fugitives fled thither for sanctuary and priests needed the viaticum. It was believed also that the customary almsgiving had been curtailed and endowments misapplied. The Bishop wrote repeatedly and in strong language on these subjects, but found much obstinate resistance. [1] The chief change on which he had insisted was cancelled afterwards by Archbishop Peckham, who ordered that a chapel [2] should be built not far away for the needs which have been mentioned. At a later period of the Bishop's rule there was much scandal in connexion with the charges brought against the sub-prior of incontinence with a nun at Lingebroke and with various other women. [3] The Abbot of Reading resisted episcopal interference with the priory, claiming the exclusive right of placing and displacing the members of the cell. This led to somewhat bitter correspondence, [4] but Swinfield in 1285 allowed the claim after inspection of the early charters. [5]

At Wormesley the convent was found to be also deeply in debt. It was necessary to make injunctions that women should not be allowed at night within the walls, and that the rules of silence should be better kept. Some of the brethren were away in attendance on the inmates of great houses, and these perhaps should be recalled. [6] At Chirbury there had been notorious scandals from the free access of women and others to their buildings; canons of doubtful character should not be allowed to go out of doors except with companions who could be trusted. Discipline within the house was much relaxed; debts were dangerously large; alienations of property must be discontinued, and report made to the Bishop of the punishment inflicted on members of ill-repute. [7] Of Lingebroke, which he visited before the scandal above referred to was made known,

[1] See p. 46.
[2] This was in the Forhury, a name which recurs at Reading. The Chapel was dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr and erected with the approval of Bishop Swinfield. Add Ch. MS., 19, 932.
[3] See p. 265.
[4] See p. 270, etc. [5] Swinf. Reg., f. 30a.
[6] See p. 144.
[7] See p. 147.

xl Introduction.

the Bishop speaks in more sympathetic tones, but implies that their Rule was not carefully observed; the restrictions on familiar intercourse and personal property had been relaxed, and more stringency of discipline was needed. [1] Of the intellectual condition of the inmates of the convents generally he writes with some contempt, regarding them as utterly ignorant in most respects, without independent judgment. [2]

In this, more than in most of the episcopal Registers of early days, little difference is made between the documents of personal and official interest. We have letters and entries therefore which have no connexion with the diocese, and among them many which concern the manor of Earley, near Reading. We learn from an entry in the Close Rolls of Feb. 3, 1276, that Cantilupe, being summoned frequently to London as a member of the King's Council, and having no convenient house where he could stay with his servants on the way, desired to have granted to him the custody of the lands and heirs of the deceased Henry de Earley, until they came of age. The manor was delivered to him by the King's steward on June 16, subject to a payment of sixteen marks yearly. [3] Next year, July 7, the custody of the lands of Philip de Arneleye was assigned him, and he paid a fine of two hundred pounds. [4] Further entries deal with the lands of Stephen de Kentisbury, who held of Philip de Earley in the Manor of North Petherton. This, however, had been assigned to the Hospitallers of Buckland, who were to pay henceforth to the Bishop the twenty-one pounds of yearly rent which had been fixed. [5] After the Bishop's death the officers of the Crown claimed from his estate the arrears of the sixteen marks for each year, without regard to the fine of two hundred pounds, regarding the two transactions as affecting different properties. It was ascertained, however, that it was one and the same manor in question, and that the name of Henry in the first deed was written in error for that of Philip, and Arneley for Earley. [6]

For some years the Bishop travelled to and fro to attend the meetings of the Royal Council, and in 1279 he with others

[1] See p. 200.
[2] Peniius sunt ignari in phiribus, p. 269.
[3] Close Rolls. June 16.
[4] See p. 166.
[5] See p. 167.
[6] See p. 178.

The Bishop's manors and houses. xli

represented the King during his absence in France. [1] He had also to be present at Provincial Synods, and there were frequent journeys through his diocese. Like other lords of many manors in that age he passed frequently from one to another of his large estates, reviewing the accounts and business transactions of his bailiffs, and with his numerous train consuming the produce of his lands. These journeys were possibly combined at times with formal visitations of the churches, when some amount of entertainment was expected from the resident Rectors, or the heads of religious houses, when they had the tithes, but there is little evidence of such visits in the Register.

Of the many manors included in the Episcopal estates a few were favourite residences on a larger scale. Such was Sugwas, with its timbered park and ample fisheries and close neighbourhood to Hereford, in the heart of which he seldom cared to stay. Bosbury, "where the Bishops held their state and lived in a fayre palace in the time of King Offa". [2] was another of the best-loved manor houses, but since Bishop Scory dismantled the Court Hall in 1572 nothing but an old gateway survives. Whitbourne on the borders of Worcestershire, with its wide moat and Brinkestye wood to supply the fish and game needed for his table, tempted often to a longer sojourn, and from this many of the letters of the Register were written. In London there was the town house given by Bishop Ralph, [3] which he may have used, as Swinfield did, [4] but there is no evidence of this. Some of the documents are dated from Kensington, [5] where a manor had been given in early times to the Abbot and Convent of Abingdon, on the site of which Holland House was afterwards built. Others were written at Tottenham (Totenhalle), [6] where the Prior and Canons of Holy Trinity within Aldgate had the advowson, and perhaps a house in which he may have lodged. Earley, near Reading, which he practically leased by payment of a heavy fine, was a convenient resting place upon the road. [7] When he had occasion to go further southward he stayed awhile in or close to what had been his parish of Sherborne, [8] probably as the Prior's guest.

[1] Patent Rolls, April 27.
[2] S. Bentley, Bosbury, p. 18.
[3] He bought of the Montalt family a house on Old Fish Street Hill, and left it for the use of his successors in the See (Stowe, Survey, p. 676).
[4] Swinf. Reg., f. 73b.
[5] See pp. 24, 70, etc.
[6] See p. 164.
[7] See p. 113, etc.
[8] See p. 34, etc.

xlii Introduction.

We must infer indeed from the itinerary that in England, and later on in France, he accepted almost perforce the hospitality of the religious houses on his road, when he passed beyond the confines of his diocese. They were the recognised hostelries of the Middle Ages; when they sued for the appropriation of the parishes of which they were the patrons they insisted often on this burden, and a Constitution of Othobon enforced the obligation in such cases to provide convenient houses to entertain their guests. [1]

There is little evidence of continuous residence at Hereford, or of much use of the Hall, which then served more as a Court-house than a Palace. [2] These frequent movements to and fro and this variety of homes may explain the insertion of so many transcripts of much earlier charters. They were needed for reference at times when the originals could not be consulted, or were only to be found in different places. There was no Bishop's Registry in Hereford itself; some documents, we know, were deposited for safety in the Chapter House of the Cathedral, [3] like the thousands of private charters, quite unconnected with the ecclesiastical estates, which were stored there for safety during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and still exist among the Archives. Others were placed strange as it appears behind the High Altar of St. Paul's in London, [4] and when the Bishop was leaving England, he wrote to the Dean and Chapter to beg that his representatives might have access to his deeds. [5] Some perhaps were left in the manor houses at Sugwas and elsewhere, and this may explain the loss of most of the originals, while many of the charters of the Dean and Chapter are preserved.

It has been noted that little regard is paid to chronological order in the arrangement of the various entries. Some appear to have been put in at hap-hazard; but the most marked irregularity is due to the insertion of the copies of letters and grants of earlier Kings and Bishops, or the records of proceedings in the Courts, for which search had been made in connexion with some passing need. Disputes with the town, for example, would lead to inquiry into the privileges granted and confirmed by various monarchs, [6] as also to the formal agreements made which were afterwards enrolled by royal order. [7]

[1] Wilkins, Conc. II, p. 11.
[2] It is called the Curia Episcopi in contemporary documents.
[3] See p. 41.
[4] See p. 182.
[5] See p. 263.
[6] See p. 93.
[7] See p. 91.

Earlier documents inserted in the Register. xliii

Claims made by officers of the Crown for the arrears of subsidies or scutages from the Episcopal estates may account for the lengthy copies of financial statements connected with Peter de Aquablanca and John le Breton. [1] Any question raised as to the charitable distribution of the corn charged on the manor of Holme Lacy might cause the clerk to hunt up the original deed of the endowment of Bishop Peter, and write it out in full. [2] The transference of the sum due from the estate of the preceding prelate would require reference to the arrangement of Bishop Ralph, which pledged him and his successors to provide certain sums to be handed over at their death for emblement and farm-stock. [3] A new conveyance might call for the inspection of the record of an earlier lawsuit, as in the case of Cloppele and Ashe, [4] or land at Whitbourne. [5] A disputed charge of synodals might give occasion for a view of the ordinance of appropriation of Great Cowarne Church. [6] The last of these may be found in the Cartulary of Gloucester Abbey, but most of the rest would have been else unknown. Thanks to these passing needs we have in the Register much more varied entries and fuller information than could be expected in the few years which it seems to cover.

As there was no regular system of registration at this time, nor recognised official for the purpose, much variety may be naturally expected not only in the penmanship and style and grammar, but also in matters of more moment, so far as they were left to the discretion of the Bishop's clerks. Some features of difference indeed between this Register and others were due to the actual conditions of the See. Elsewhere mandates for institution were sent commonly to the Archdeacons, and Deans were instructed to install canons. But at Hereford the decanal office was practically in abeyance in consequence of rival claims to it; the Hebdomadary or a Dignitary therefore took its place; the Archdeacon of Hereford was a youth still in his studies, and the Archdeacon of Salop was in disgrace. Rural deans acted in their stead, and some of them had little cause to love their Bishop, who showered upon them orders to serve citations and excommunicate offenders till their office was no sinecure. On the other hand we hear nothing

[1] See p. 35.
[2] See p. 128.
[3] See p. 38.
[4] See p. 40.
[5] See p. 43.
[6] See p. 49.

xliv Introduction.

of the gaol deliveries, elsewhere often mentioned, when criminous clerks were handed over by request to the charge of their Diocesan, to be kept in his official prison at his pleasure, and that sometimes for a long while. One such was lodged in durance for seventeen years on the charge of having stolen two dishes and a coverlet. [1] When such large numbers of all sorts and conditions had the tonsure, there must have been offenders in the diocese, and Cantilupe, with his strong sense of ecclesiastical rights, would certainly have claimed them. [2] No mention again is made of the purgations by which such clerks were allowed to clear themselves by their own oaths, and those of friendly compurgators who were not cross-examined.

Nothing is said of the Visitations of the parish churches, for which it was by this time usual to make formal arrangements, at least once in three years, with due requirement of the customary procurations, and with much burdening at times of unwilling hosts, as when the Bishop's neighbour of Worcester stayed with one hundred and fifty horses at the Priory, [3] or Grandisson of Exeter went to visit Cornwall with a train of Dignitaries and a vast number of others (in multitudine populosa). [4] We may regret the silence on this matter because we lack the information we might else have as to the conditions of parochial life, and the vigilance of Episcopal supervision; such as we have elsewhere in notices of the shortcomings of the parish priests, the defective supply of service books and vestments, the enlargement of parish churches authoritatively enforced, the coadjutors appointed by the Bishop to relieve aged or disabled parsons, new ordinances to improve the financial conditions of the Vicars, else starved by the religious houses, the rights of the mother churches jealously guarded when private chapels were allowed for local magnates. It is hard to believe that much was done in this way by the Bishop when nothing was recorded, while so much space was given to proceedings against non-residents and pluralists unprovided with the purely formal dispensations such as he himself enjoyed in earlier years. The Register again does not supply details about

[l] Wykh. Reg., II, 444.
[2] He had indeed a prison under his manor house at Ross in which some clerks were lodged, for two of them escaped, and the gaoler gave a bond of indemnity to Bishop Cantilupe and promised greater care. Swinf. Reg., f. 25a. This should have been inserted in this Register.
[3] Ann. Mon., IV, 504.
[4] Grand. Reg., p. 320.

Confirmations and Ordinations. xlv

the diocesan synods, to which the clergy were all summoned to appear in person or by proxy, when their common interests were to be discussed or Episcopal regulations published.

As to the ceremonies of Confirmation this Register, like others, is quite silent, though the injunctions of some Bishops speak in peremptory terms, requiring parents to bring their young children to their Diocesan wherever they could find him, under pain of having to fast on bread and water every Friday till the duty was discharged. [1] But with prelates so much on the move it was not an easy task to find them. So Cantilupe, we are told, was careful on his journeys to wear some of his pontificals even as he rode along that when parents with little ones appeared upon the road he might without delay lay his hands upon them. [2] It was perhaps a somewhat rough and ready system.

The Ordination lists are given of course with much detail, even to the box of letters which is mentioned as the sole title of one of those ordained. The Orders were conferred in various places in the diocese or elsewhere, as at Leominster, Ledbury, Newent, and Tottenham, but never, it appears, in Hereford itself, which indeed he seldom visited and can hardly have resided in at all. He seems to have made no use of the Bishops with outlandish titles in partibus infidelium, whose services were found convenient by others who were constantly engaged in diplomacy or offices of state. The Cathedral Chapter, as a whole, he never treated as his council, though many of its members were in constant residence at this time; its collective judgment indeed he did not value highly, if we may trust certain disparaging remarks; [3] it was not yet purged of the Burgundian leaven; but some of the Canons were regularly employed by him as Officials, Treasurer, Commissaries, or Proctors. He did not air too publicly his mistrust of the foreign element, or let his agents in Rome be too outspoken. [4] Even John de Aquablanca, the litigious Dean, left a little in his will towards the outlay on the tomb of "the blessed Thomas". [5]

[1] Wilkins, Conc., II, pp. 132, 293.
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 509. Portabat semper stplam ad collum suum subtus capam vel rodeundellum (chlamydis speciem).
[3] See p. 113.
[4] See p. 234.
[5] Document in the Archives of D. & C.

xlvi Introduction.

Cantilupe was vigorous in language, mighty in sequestrations and in excommunications, but few details are given of his corrective jurisdiction over the laity. Other Bishops left record of the penances imposed on deliberate offenders the public fustigations in the churchyard, as of the fifty seven at Yeovil; [1] the doleful processions of bare-footed and half-clad culprits with the lighted candles; [2] the crusade enjoined for the abduction of two nuns; [3] but we do not learn how far Cantilupe was a terror to evil doers, clerical or lay, except when the rights or property of the Church were in any danger. But if we miss much that would throw light on the ecclesiastical or moral conditions of the times, we have ample details of the technicalities of litigation, congenial perhaps to the doctor utriusque juris, but hardly quite becoming to a Saint.

Towards the end of 1279 the Bishop made arrangements to leave England on some business not defined. His safeconduct and letters of protection were procured; [4] his representatives were appointed to transact official business in his name; [5] his excuses were sent for non-appearance at ecclesiastical assemblies; [6] and he travelled southwards into Kent, as far at least as Ightham, from which letters are dated, [7] but then returned, giving up his intended journey, on which no light is thrown by any information which we have. Next year however events occurred, which resulted in a long absence from his See. A matrimonial suit between Petronilla Bebler and Richard de Bramford was brought before the Court of the Dean's delegate - called the sub-dean - at Hereford. Richard, against whom sentence was given, appealed to the Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury, ignoring the intermediate tribunal, that of the Bishop of the diocese. The sub-dean, disregarding the prohibition to proceed which was sent to him in due course, had Richard and his agent arrested, and flung in the mud the letter of the Official of Canterbury, who had fined him ten marks and insisted on his prompt obedience. Citations and excommunications followed; then a mandate to the Official at Hereford, and finally to the Bishop himself, under pain of suspension of his chapel and an interdict, if proceedings against the sub-dean were not taken. When two

[1] Ralph of Shrewsb. Reg., 602.
[2] Pal. Dun. Reg., 313.
[3] Peckh. Reg. III, p. 916.
[4] Patent Rolls, Aug. 28, 1279.
[5] See pp. 219, 221.
[6] See p. 224.
[7] See p. 222.

The retirement to Normandy. xlvii

years later disputed questions of jurisdiction between the Arch bishop and the Suffragans were referred by Peckham to four experts, they decided that it was contrary to established usage for the Official at Canterbury to receive appeals from suitors in other dioceses before the matters had been brought before the Courts of their own Bishops in each case. This decision therefore negatived the claim which had been made to interfere at Hereford. At this stage Peckham himself, who had not long been consecrated, took no active part in the proceedings; the subject is not even mentioned in his Register, but it seems that Cantilupe, unwilling to suffer from the suspension of his chapel and the threatened interdict, resolved to leave England for a while, probably that he might have time to refer the matter in dispute to Rome. Indeed it seems that he must have taken the clergy of his diocese into his confidence, and obtained from them a contribution towards the expenses of his journey and appeal; there are several references in his correspondence to the funds expected from this source, [1] which was estimated at one hundred pounds, but they came in somewhat slowly, as he complains to his financial agents. The Papal chair was vacant from August, 1280, to March, 1281, and his retirement lasted longer than might have been expected.

Before he left he was allowed by royal licence to include in his will his custody of Earley, like his other lands and goods which did not pertain to his bishoprick. [2] He had the usual letters of protection granted him as going beyond seas; [3] he gave his instructions as before, [4] and this time for a long absence.

As Becket sought the cloistered calm of Pontigny to escape from his embittered relations with King Henry, so Cantilupe retired to Normandy when the dispute with the Official of Canterbury was at its height. The district which he visited must have seemed familiar to him from the associations of the past, close as it was to the village from which probably his family took its name, and to Breteuil which the first Earl of Hereford had owned, and to Gournay and Evreux, the names of which his mother bore, first as daughter then as wife.

[1] See p. 252.
[2] Patent Rolls. June 27, 1280.
[3] Patent Rolls, April 10, 1280.
[4] See pp. 245, 253.

xlviii Introduction.

The Abbey of Lyre, in which he found a welcome, had special claims on his good will; its head was ex officio a Canon of his own Cathedral; [1] its financial agent lived in Castle Street in Hereford, from which centre he administered some of the conventual estates in England; a William of Chantelou - perhaps the Bishop's grand-father - had renounced his title to a fief in favour of the Abbey; two valuable benefices, Shinfield and Lydney had been transferred by it to his Chapter. In the midst of a gently undulating country the little Risle wanders through a fertile valley in which for two centuries already the monks of Lyre had made their home thanks to the pious liberality of William Fitz Osbern and Adelisia his wife. The shell of the Abbot's lodging and part of the stables are still standing, in which the village Cure and innkeeper are housed respectively; the fishponds too can still be seen; but beyond the sculptures of the high altar, which were carried at the Revolution to the village church hard by, nothing else remains of the buildings of a prosperous community of forty to fifty monks, multiplied indeed now tenfold by local fancy, and so well endowed that the inventory of its charters is spread over four large folio volumes. [2] From these it appears that it claimed to have in England forty-eight churches and eleven chapels, or at least some grant of tithes or pensions from them. A few years after his stay at Lyre it was popularly believed that a child had fallen into the Risle and was brought out dead, but was restored to life by the efficacy of the Bishop's prayers. [3] Here or in the neighbourhood he appears to have remained for at least a year. Some official entries in the Register are dated from other religious houses, such as the Abbey of Conches close by which had property in his own diocese, [4] and possibly Fontaine Soret, [5] where a Priory of Bee was settled. But these perhaps were only passing visits on his way to and fro. [6]

[1] By a charter of 1269 the Abbot of Lyre was made a Canon of Hereford Cathedral, to which some advowsons had been transferred. The Abbot of Cormeilles enjoyed the same privilege. The Chapter of Chichester made the Abbot of Grestein a prebendary at the end of the 12th century; the Abbots of Athelney and Muchelney had prebends at Wells; and for a short time in the 12th century the Abbot of Bruton was ex officio a Canon of Coutances.
[2] This is now in the Archives of Evreux.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 514.
[4] This was valued at £40 in the Taxatio Nic.
[5] See p. 269.
[6] In the course of these movements he may naturally have stayed at other places. In the Hospital at Lisieux certain pontificals are exhibited as having belonged to St. Thomas of England; at Argentan a comb is shewn which according to the local tradition was used by the same Saint when preparing to officiate in the Chapel. It is supposed that St. Thomas of Canterbury left them there, but there is no evidence that he visited those towns during his long stay at Pontigny and Vezelai and elsewhere; it is possible that St. Thomas of Hereford should have been named.

The stay in Normandy. xlix

We find him also at Poissy close to Paris, where he might wish to look in upon old friends. [1] He stayed a while at Charenton to inspect the condition of some property which had been acquired there by Bishop Peter, [2] who had left it in his will to the collegiate church which he founded and endowed at Aquabella. A mysterious claim was put in for him afterwards by William de Cantilupe [3] on the ground that the estate had been bought with funds which belonged of right to the Church not to the private property of his predecessor. It is hard to see what evidence there could be of this, or why the claim should have been delayed so long if it were well grounded. There is no reference to any such flaw in the title in the letter which he wrote on the subject of the dilapidations on the property to Emeric the Chancellor, [4] who under his uncle's will was trustee for the estates of Aquabella.

During the whole of Cantilupe's stay in Normandy, which lasted from the summer of 1280 to the autumn of 1281, we find nothing in the Register to explain his motives, not a word about the disputed jurisdiction, or of any appeal to Rome on the subject. The entries in Wilkins' Concilia are silent as to the issue of the conflict. Peckham himself took no active part in it, though he vaguely refers in a later letter to the Bishop as "skulking in foreign parts", and trying to secure Papal orders against "so-called aggressions of the Court of Canterbury". [5] What really passed we cannot tell, but it appears that the Bishop on his way home waited on the Primate, and by his unassuming manners raised hopes in Peckham's mind of meek submissiveness in future dealings. [6]

Soon after his return there was fresh matter of dispute. On the death of Henry de Hawkley, Canon of Hereford and Lincoln, who had held benefices in various dioceses, the business of probate was claimed by the Court of Canterbury as belonging to its jurisdiction, and the Vicar of Ross, the Executor, was cited to appear before it. Robert le Wyse, the Bishop's Official, refused to recognise this claim; the Bishop himself was then required to have a citation served upon the Vicar,

[1] See p. 255.
[2] See p. 248.
[3] See p. 296.
[4] See p. 248.
[5] Peckh. Reg., I, 318.
[6] Ibid. But it was said that they came into collision at Reading soon after Peckham's appointment.

l Introduction.

and to deal with his recalcitrant Official. As he repeatedly refused, on the ground that notice of appeal to Rome had teen already given, he was warned that he had fallen under sentence of excommunication. His letter of Jan. 7, 1282, in reply to the Archbishop, is respectful and dignified in tone; it is to be found, not in his own Register, but in that of Canterbury. [1] In an interview between them the Primate seems to have promised that if Cantilupe would submit to his ruling as to the matters at issue, he would practically refrain from any exercise of the powers which he claimed. [2] The Bishop, with whom it was a question of principle, not of personal dignity, naturally could not accept this offer; and on Jan. 15 he sent a clerk to the Archbishop with notice of appeal from the sentence of his Court; but at Lambeth in his presence on Feb. 7 Robert de Lacy, by mandate from the Primate, read the formal warning that, if he declined obedience, he was then and there under sentence of excommunication. The Dean and Chapter on their part put forth an appeal against the claim of jurisdiction in this case. [3] Peckham's correspondence on the subject betrays the worst features of his character, his domineering [4] and irritable temper and his free use of invectives. His letters to his Proctors at Rome, to a friendly Cardinal, and to the Bishop of London, whom he requests repeatedly on Feb. 17 and March 15 to excommunicate the offender in his name, abound in personal imputations against the man for whom he had felt singular affection as his benefactor and scholar at Paris. But now he can think only of his obdurate contumacy, of his spirit of Dathan and Abiram, of his malice as a wolf in sheep's clothing, of his deranged intellect, of his frivolous and blasphemous mendacities. [5] The bitterness of the feelings thus excited was out of all proportion to the real importance of the matter in dispute; it was further increased by the opposition of his Suffragans among whom he believed that Cantilupe was a ringleader to the enlargement of the jurisdiction of his Court. Twenty-one articles were drawn up by them to express their grievances, [6] which are set

[1] Peckh. Reg., I, 272.
[2] Ibid., I, 383.
[3] Deed in the Archives of D. & C.
[4] He is described by Nic. Trivet as gestti, incessu, et sermone glorioso et elato.
[5] Non minus ex innata laesione cerebri quam ex Pervicacia voluntatis - sub ovino vellere porrigens osculum. Peckh. Reg., I, 315-318. II, 393.
[6] Peckh. Reg., I, 325. These were also inserted at the end of this Register, but as they are to be found in Wilkins Concilia they have been omitted.

The Bishop's death at Montefiascone. li

forth in very technical language, but the main contention was that the Primacy like the Papacy itself which of course they could not mention was converting its Court into one of primary instance for the whole Province. [1] The objections of the Suffragans were replied to in a somewhat unyielding spirit, but he presently appointed four experts as commissioners to report upon past usages, and they in April advised that precedents were opposed to the claims of his officials. Meanwhile the Bishop, without shewing to his friends any sign of impatience or resentment, had the notices of his appeal put up in public places, "not without the guilt of perjury", so Peckham wrote on March 31 to his proctors at Rome, adding that it was rumoured that the Bishop had started already on his journey to the Papal Court; and he warns them to be on the alert as his adversary was false and cunning. [2] They appear to have lost no time in representing that as under spiritual censure he ought not to be received. Two Cardinals were instructed to have inquiry made, and they reported that they could see no reason to exclude him from communion. [3] On his arrival therefore the Pope and Cardinals received him with due honour at Orvieto, [4] and members of the Papal household were present at the Mass which he celebrated soon after wards. But the fatigues of the journey or malarial attacks aggravated internal disorders from which he had long suffered, and the malady with which he was struck down at Monte fiascone had a fatal issue on Aug. 25. [5] With the Pope's sanction he received absolution from the Papal Penitentiary, and gave his last directions though he had made his will before he left his home. The funeral ceremonies were carried out in state at the Abbey of San Severo under Orvieto in the presence of several Cardinals, one of whom became Pope Nicolas IV; [6] but the flesh only was interred there, the bones from which it was removed being reserved for a resting place in his own Cathedral Church.

[1] There were disputes as to jurisdiction somewhat earlier between Eudes Rigaud, Archbishop of Rouen, and his Suffragans, to decide which the former went to Rome. Questions at issue between Archbishop Warham and Bishop Foxe of Winchester, on rights of probate and administration, were settled by Henry VIII after reference to Rome.
[2] Peckh. Reg., I, 320.
[3] Acta Sanct., p. 522.
[4] For the urbs vetus (Orvieto), which was a favourite residence of the Popes, Civita Vecchia was substituted in some earlier accounts.
[5] "His crazy body worn out with former labours". Strange, p. 189.
[6] Acta Sanct., p. 525.

lii Introduction.

Of the remains which had been brought to England the bones were laid to rest awhile in front of the altar in the Lady Chapel at Hereford, while the heart, which had been bequeathed to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, [1] was taken to Ashridge, near Berkhamstead, where a monastery of the Order of Bonhommes had been founded already by the Earl, and a resting place was given to the relic in the Choir of the conventual Church. [2] It was said that Peckham forbade at first the interment in consecrated ground, till he was informed that absolution had been given him by the Pope's desire, and it appears that a letter to that effect from the Pope's Penitentiary was actually shewn to him at Leominster in December, 1282. [3] At a much later date Bishop Oldham of Exeter died excommunicate, and could not be interred duly till absolution came from Rome. Strange fancies came to the birth in after years that, as the bearers passed through the diocese of Canterbury with their precious freight, the blood poured from the dry bones, and that Peckham became childish in his later years as a punishment for his vindictive temper. [4] Several of the Bishops lost no time in shewing their sympathy for Cantilupe and their practical disregard of the Primate's censures. The very year of his death an indulgence of forty days was offered by Godfrey Giffard, of Worcester, to all who would pray devoutly for him at Hereford; this example was followed by the Bishop of London in 1285 and at Rochester in 1286. Archbishop Peckham indeed issued a notice of a like indulgence from Lugwardine in 1282, but its object was the improvement of the fabric of the Cathedral, and not a word was said of the late Bishop, [5] Five years later (1287) the remains were taken from the Lady Chapel and transferred to a place close to the altar of St. John the Baptist in the North Transept, [6] where a worthier monument had been erected

[1] Ann. Wigorn., 483 (Rolls).
[2] The Earl is said by Holinshed to have brought over from Germany a box containing the Saviour's blood and to have deposited two-thirds of it in the Abbey which he founded at Ashridge, giving the rest to Hales. An early will describes a parson as "rector of the house of the blood of Jesus Christ at Assherugge". (Calendar of Wills, Court of Hustings, p. 574).
[3] Document in the Archives of D. & C.
[4] These stories however, were varied to apply to the Earl of Gloucester.
[5] Copies of these indulgences are in the Archives.
[6] Leland alone mentions the altar of St. John the Baptist, which was probably appropriated to the Parish of St. John, which had no church. For this altar alone the Treasurer was not required by the early consuetudines to provide the candles, for these were a charge on the parochial funds, to which the offerings at that altar doubtless went. At Rochester there was a like usage of an altar reserved for a special Parish. Godwin speaks of the monument as being in the North Transept, but when he wrote he knew nothing apparently of any further removal from that place.

Miracles and Pilgrimages. liii

by the care of his executors and the members of the Chapter. [1]

Mysterious tokens of approval from the spirit world accompanied the change and were vouched for by Bishop Swinfield who took a prominent part in the removal. [2] Then came an outburst of enthusiastic faith. The good news spread apace that a beneficent influence was potent there; the impotent, the sick, the fearful in dire peril called on his name and found a speedy help; pilgrims flocked from far and near to shew their thankfulness for mercies given, or beg for blessings yet in store. The monument was overlaid with precious gifts; votive offerings were hung up on every side; silver figures of the votaries themselves, or of the bodily members on which the cure was wrought; silver boats given by mariners who had been saved from raging storms; weapons that, but for like grace, had inflicted deadly wounds. [3] The royal family and great nobles visited the tomb, and the excitement spread for eighteen years with unabated force. [4]

When the concourse of the pilgrims to the tomb was at its height a curious dispute occurred which may serve to indicate the large number generally present. It was the custom - a purely English one according to the Bollandist writer - for those who hoped to profit in health by their visit and their prayers, to have themselves measured and to leave a wax taper of their own length at the tomb. These tapers were so numerous, beyond the number that could be actually used for lighting, that they were valued in the Taxatio Nicholai, about 1291, at twenty pounds, at least three hundred of present worth. Such surplus wax had been of old the perquisite of the Treasurer; now the Dean and Chapter claimed to share the profit, and after some debate terms were agreed on in 1289 to the effect that during the life time of Luke, the Treasurer, he should have two-thirds and the Chapter the

[1] Acta Sanct., 527. Strange is much confused in his account of this transaction, for which, he says, Edward III came over from Calais to be present (Life, p. 216).
[2] He was awakened at Sugwas, where he slept, by tappings at his window which was far out of man's reach; and the heavy stone over the vault was easily removed by two domestic pages, though it required ten men to replace it.
[3] For the list of the offerings see Acta Sanct., p. 537.
[4] It is curious that at this time, when the gifts of the devout came pouring into the Treasury of the Cathedral, a Canon, Alan de Creppinge, who was watching the interests of the Chapter at Rome and had to spend largely on its behalf, was threatened with excommunication if he did not repay the sum of sixty marks which he had borrowed for the Chapter from money-lenders of Pistoia. (Document in the Archives of the D. & C., dated 1290).

liv Introduction.

remainder. [1] He must have died soon after and disputes again arose with his successor John de Swinfield; in 1293 it was decided to refer the question to the arbitration of the Bishop. [2]

As early as April, 1290, Swinfield had addressed a letter to Pope Nicholas IV, urging the canonization of his predecessor. In 1292 the Bishops of Ely, Durham, and Bath and Wells made a like petition to Pope Celestine; Swinfield wrote again to the same effect in 1299. No answer appears to have been received. In 1305 the Magnates of England sent a weighty letter to Clement V, asking that the wonder-worker might be canonized; [3] this was signed by Edward I., who also wrote private letters on the subject to the Pope and to a Cardinal, [4] after special appeal had been made to him by the Bishop and the Chapter of Hereford. [5]

A commission of inquiry into the life and miracles of Cantilupe was then appointed, consisting of the Bishops of London and Mende with the Nuncio in England, William de Testa. These held their first meeting on July 13, 1307, in the Chapter House of St. Paul's. Their primary duty was to ascertain how far the anathemas of Peckham and his Official had been pushed; was Cantilupe really excommunicated by them ? The language of the Primate in his letters seems to leave no doubt that the sentence had been issued; [6] but the Commissioners, after seeing the official documents of the Court of Canterbury, and learning what had passed at Orvieto and Monte Fiascone, decided that he was not actually excommunicate at his death. Either the sentence was conditional as pronounced, or the appeal to the Pope which had been already made, or Papal absolution at a later stage, deprived the sentence of its force. This preliminary question settled, the Commissioners without the Nuncio betook themselves to Hereford, where they stayed from August 30 to November 16, witnessing themselves the concourse of pilgrims and the profuse

[l] Swinf. Reg., 63b.
[2] Deed in the Archives of the D. & C.
[3] Reg. Pal. Dunelm. IV., pref., p. xxxi. The first name in the list is that of Gilbert de Clare, of the family which had robbed the See of its Chase.
[4] Ibid., p. xxxii. Rymer, Foedera, Nov. 2, 1305.
[5] Anc. Kalend. and Inv. I. 33. Littera Episcopi et Capituli Heref. directa Regi pro negotio canonizationis Beati Thome de Cantilupo.
[6] An entry in Peckham's Register states this definitely. Subsequenter ipsum excommimicacionis sententia involutum et excommunicatum publice et solempniter denunciatiim (f. 159b).

The Papal Commissioners at Hereford. lv

abundance of the offerings, and examining in the Chapel of St. Catherine, which was between the Cathedral and the Palace, the witnesses who came before them to testify to the character of the Bishop and to the miracles that had been wrought.

The four months allowed by the Pope for the inquiry were nearly at an end when only seventeen of the marvels reported had been thoroughly investigated, and the evidence of one hundred and fifteen witnesses heard in their favour. Two hundred and four more had been officially described; as to these they could do no more than accept the sworn statements of Swinfield and others that they believed them to be genuine. The whole record of the proceedings was then sent to the Papal Court, and from the documentary evidence thus preserved the writer of the life in the Acta Sanctorum - said to be Father Suysken - drew up his detailed account of the career and miracles of the Bishop. As to the reported marvels it is not necessary to say much here; [1] they may be left to the examination of the curious in such matters. Of the sincerity of the witnesses there seems to be no doubt; but Swinfield's own evidence does not allow us to rate the value of his judgment in such questions very highly, and from others critical inquiry into the facts themselves, or insight into the mysteries of nervous maladies could hardly be expected.

After the report of the inquiry had been received no further steps were taken by Clement V, and Swinfield passed away without any sign that his hopes would be fulfilled.

The Commissioners had reported that the offerings at the tomb had been so bountiful that they had provided for the necessary outlay on two new naves (? bays) in the Cathedral, and on some part of the great Tower. [2] This seems at first to raise a difficulty, for the two bays most probably are those on the East side of the North Transept, and we cannot suppose that they were built after 1287, when the remains were transferred to the new tomb, at the time when, according to the evidence of Swinfield, the fame of the miracles began to spread.

[1] They are examined in "the Hereford Miracles", by the Rev. A. T. Bannister (Transactions of Woolhope Club, 1905).
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 537, Ecclesia de duabus navibus ampliata, et fabrication in parte maximum campanile.

lvi Introduction.

Pilgrims with their offerings were then thronging round the tomb, making it impossible for building operations to be carried on. The style of the work also points to an earlier date, or at least to an enlargement designed probably when the whole transept was remodelled, though the work itself may have proceeded slowly. The position of Bishop Peter's monument proves almost certainly that the aisle was in course of completion before the tomb was erected, and before there could have been any thought of preparing the Transept to be the resting place of the Saint's relics.

But the indulgences offered by the Bishops in 1282 and following years, more perhaps in number than the few of which the evidences now exist, may throw some light upon the matter. The enlargement may have been going on for some time, and appeal made for outside help, of which indulgences of this kind were a common form. The devout who came to pray at Hereford did not come empty-handed, and their alms collected for some years might provide a fitting resting place for the monument which was now to be erected there. The Cathedral had then no fabric fund; the tithes of Shinfield had not yet been appropriated for the purpose; and the compotus rolls of this period assign only the equivalent of the stipend of one resident canon - of whom there were fifteen to twenty - to the opus ecclesiae, or the maintenance of the buildings. Nothing more than the ordinary repairs of the scantiest kind could be undertaken without a special appeal for help from other quarters. This came in abundantly when the fame of the wonder-working powers spread abroad, and the commissioners may easily have misunderstood the information given them, and confused the earlier work, which was completed shortly before the excitement of the marvels spread abroad, with the much larger expenditure which followed. A fabric roll of 1291 survives, in which we see that sums amounting to four thousand pounds in present value were spent on the buildings in that year, nearly all of which was provided by the offerings at the tomb. [1] The years immediately before and after doubtless saw like lavish gifts and like expenditure. We have the receipts of London merchants who provided the electrum for the decoration of the monument, on which about a thousand pounds in

[1] Archives of the D. & C.

The insecure foundations of the Cathedral. lvii

our currency were spent. The acknowledgments of the Goldsmith and the Sculptor shew that the work went on for years after the transference in 1287. Most, however, of the funds supplied were devoted to the enlargement and enrichment of the Central Tower, the date of which, therefore, is determined independently of its architectural features. The pride with which the inhabitants of Hereford contemplated the new work must have been turned into dismay when it was known that the foundations were utterly insecure to bear the added weight. Once more appeal was made to the sympathies of the outside world. On Nov. 20, 1320, the King issued a brief to authorize a general collection; Archbishop Walter urged that contributions were required also for the great expenses of the intended translation; Bishops offered indulgences as before; and the country was mapped out systematically for the collectors rounds. One roll for the Deaneries of Norfolk is preserved, [1] in which the contributions of the several parishes are entered in detail. To make further provision for the future the Pope was asked to sanction the appropriation of Shinfield for the fabric fund, [2] the advowson having been already given to the Dean and Chapter. [3]

During these many years of thronging pilgrims and repeated expenditure upon the fabric, Pope followed Pope upon the throne, but nothing had been done to meet the wishes of the pious who complained that their patron was not enrolled among the Saints. Swinfield himself had passed away with his longings unfulfilled, and nothing to shew for his efforts and expenditure at Rome. Henry de Schorne, Archdeacon and Canon of Hereford, who had acted for the Chapter when the inquiry commenced, was at the Papal Court for two years at least, 1312 and 1313, to press the matter forward, and long afterwards he signed a deed in which he discharged the Chapter from all liabilities for money advanced by him and from claims for commons in Hereford, while he was acting as their

[1] Archives of the D. & C.
[2] Ibid.
[3] It may be noticed that the description given above is not in harmony with what is found on page 76 of Dean Merewether's Statement (1842). But it should be observed that - of the documents mentioned as probably carried off by Silas Turner all are, and have always been, in the Chapter Archives; that Archbishop Peckham says nothing of indulgences for those who would work on the Cathedral, an obviously absurd condition; and that the translation referred to by Archbishop Walter was from the Transept to the Lady Chapel, not vice versa.

lviii Introduction.

Proctor in negotio canonizationis Sancti Thome de Cantilupo. [1] At length, however, John XXII. despatched a Bishop to make more inquiries; [2] and the long looked-for Bull was issued on April 17, 1320, to sanction a title already given by the popular voice, and to order the observance of the festival on Oct. 2.

The King wrote [3] that he intended to be present at the ceremony of translation; but this for some reasons unexplained did not take place for many years, and though three historians mention the fact itself they tell us little of what passed, [4] save that the King was present at the ceremony, with many prelates and nobles, and a multitude of other people. Perhaps the large expenditure upon the buildings had delayed the translation and the erection of the Shrine which appears to have been set up in the Lady Chapel, where the relics were stored near their first resting place in the Cathedral. [5] Pilgrims indeed were now comparatively few, [6] and the offerings small; [7] but there the bones reposed [8]till the days of desecration and of pillage, when rude hands were laid on the riches of the Shrine and the relics flung aside as worthless trifles. Some indeed were gathered up with loving care, for there were many of the old faith the so-called Recusants in Hereford; tradition has preserved the names of the priests and others through whose hands they passed, and some account of the gifts which were made of them at various times, in the course of which an arm-bone was placed in a college of St. Omer, but disappeared at its suppression after its transference to Bruges; a shin bone, it is said, remained in the keeping of the Jesuit Fathers and is still preserved at Stonyhurst. [9]

It is not surprising, therefore, that no remains were found in the tomb when it was opened by Dean Merewether in 1846;

[1] Archives of the D. & C.
[2] Rymer, Foedera, Aug. 7, 1320.
[3] Rymer, Feb. 24, 1321.
[4] Thomas Walsingham places it in 1350, as does William of Worcester; Henry de Knighton assigns it to 1348.
[5] It is said that, when the Cathedral was restored in the last century, the old stones which formed the basement of the Shrine were found in situ, much worn by the pilgrims knees. ("The Month", Jan. 1882).
[6] In 1336 a Papal letter was sent to a Nuncio instructing him to reduce the tax which had been levied on the surplus of the wax tapers, which was now much smaller owing to the decrease of devotion (Papal Reg., II, 530).
[7] A fabric roll of 1388 shows that the offerings at the Shrine were then twenty-six shillings and eight pence.
[8] The custos feretri received twenty shillings as salary and the custos reliquiarum half a mark in the time of Edward IV. (Compotus Roll).
[9] "The Month", Jan. 1882.

The character of Cantilupe. lix

indeed the Priest of the neighbouring Chapel who was invited to be present at the time, knowing more of the history of the relics, seems to have expected that result. The monument itself was at that time brought forward a few feet from the wall on which one end before had rested. [1]

Some estimate of the character of Cantilupe, and of his relations to the times in which he lived, may naturally be now expected. His age was one of wonderful manysidedness and teeming life. The enthusiasm of charity in the movement of the Friars had fired countless hearts as it had not done since the early days of Christianity; an ardent thirst for knowledge sent its swarms of votaries to beg their way, if need were, to the great seats of general study, while riper students gave new form to the knowledge of the past in their comprehensive encyclopedias of learning. New theories of government were coming to the birth, with representative systems to replace the old feudal forms of Norman monarchy. Fore-gleams of science lighted up the cells of lonely thinkers, like Roger Bacon, that might with happier encouragement have anticipated the work of later times. The instinct of a larger humanism was discrediting the old conventual ideals, and Art was finding in its decorative forms the loveliest creations of the Architectural genius of the West. Meantime the instinct of justice combined with national prejudices to call out a passionate resistance to civil and ecclesiastical abuses. How far was Cantilupe typical of his age, and in what did his saintliness consist?

Some of the features which have been referred to were represented fully by the student in Arts and Theology, the trained Civilian and Canonist, by the friend of de Montfort, and the patriot jealous of aliens intruded in the offices of the Church. His large hearted and systematic charity was a main theme of his admirers praises, as well as his persistency and courage in the defence of the rights for which he was trustee;

[1] There is no evidence that the monument had ever been moved far from its present place in the North Transept. We read only of the translation of the relics, and of the Shrine in the Lady Chapel, which was probably destroyed when the relics were dispersed. If the heavy structure in stone had been transferred there with the Shrine, there could be no reason for a subsequent removal to the Transept, where the tomb must have been then known to be empty. There is no very early reference to the monument itself; the solid slab on which it rests has some carving on its upper face now covered, and had served before for other uses; the decorative treatment has no special appropriateness for a Bishop and a Saint; and the whole question presents difficulties which are not easily explained.

lx Introduction.

but they dwelt with equal fervour on qualities less winning to our eyes - the survivals of the ideals of the past. Not only did he grudge the body's simplest needs, and rise from table always, by his own admission, with a sense of unsatisfied desire; [1] not only did he excite the admiration of his servants by the filthy hair-shirt with its handful of lice that stirs our loathing; [2] but he shrank even from loving intercourse with his own sisters, repelling their advances with a sort of Manichean rigour, which became, it seemed, the Saint, but was quite unlovely in the man. His friends said much of his equanimity and patience, and there must have been something genial and winning to attract the sympathies and reverence of men like Swinfield, Robert le Wyse, and Ralph de Hengham, to say nothing of his household servants. But we may wonder to see the signs of what we should else call a litigious and unyielding temper, in which personal antipathies were carried far. [3] We may note with regret that he denounced all social intercourse with Jewish neighbours as the enemies of God and man, for whose expulsion from the kingdom he was urgent; [4] he even begged with tears that he might retire from the Council Chamber when it was once proposed to give a converted Jew authority to punish Christian rogues. [5]

His ideal of charity was doubtless not confined to almsgiving, nor his self-denial to mere asceticism, but prejudice and obstinacy had much to do with the litigation at Rome which drained his purse and tried his temper. Incorruptible as a judge himself, he yet stooped to bribes to gain his cause, and proposed to his representatives to move in crooked ways. It startles us to read that his confidential agent - not regarded as very scrupulous by his rivals - begged him to dictate only such a course of action as would be honourable and just. [6]

The last English Saint recognised by the undivided Western Church was still of the true medieval type, austere in his selfdiscipline, fearless in the assertion of the Church's seeming rights, but narrow in his sympathies, stern in his coercive moods, with more of the spirit of a Dominic than of a Francis, and therefore somewhat unattractive to our modern tastes.

[1] Acta Sanct., p 503.
[2] Acta Sanct., p. 504.
[3] Note the attempt to claim property at Charenton bought by Bishop Peter with funds, as it was asserted, which had belonged to the See.
[4] Acta Sanct., 508.
[5] Ibid, 507.
[6] See p. 244. Acta Sanct

lxi

THE BISHOP'S INCOME.

The official income of the bishopric of Hereford is not put at a high figure in contemporary documents. The Taxatio Nicholai of 1291 returns it at £449 1s. 5d. in temporals alone, including an item of £44 2s. 6d., the value of property in the diocese of Worcester at Prestbury, Pulcomb, and Sevenhampton, and another of £10 for land at Eston in Wiltshire, but omitting the value of the house in London which was given to the See by Ralph of Maidstone. In another account of the same survey the lands in Worcestershire and Wiltshire are not included, and the whole exceeds £500 per annum. [1] Cantilupe had also by Papal grant the income of tithes in Ledbury and Bosbury appropriated to his table, on the ground of the meagre provision for a Bishop's wants. [2] It was called indeed by Swinfield the worst endowed Bishopric in England, [3] and its twenty-three manors [4] gave but a modest sustenance compared with the fifty of Winchester, some of which were large and rich. Lydbury North indeed covered a great extent of land but was returned at a low value, and this was due perhaps to its position on the Welsh border, where it was exposed to plundering forays. Though the actual value of this income was probably much larger than the taxable amount, Cantilupe was a poorer man as Bishop than as pluralist before, for he is said to have derived from his various preferments a sum as large as his episcopal income, [5] and though he spent freely on the buildings of his many parishes, and was munificent in charities, he had time to accumulate considerable savings. These he needed for the great expenses of the first year or two of office, though he may not have had, like Peckham and others who gained their Sees by Papal provision, to pay great sums to the Court of Rome. His predecessor died in debt, and money due for the cattle to stock the farms was not paid till September, 1278; [6] the charges on account of dilapidations were probably delayed if paid at all.

[1] Willis, Cathedrals, p. 828, cf Swinfield Reg. f 78a.
[2] p. 126. A similar grant was made to a preceding Bishop in 1243. (Papal Regesta I., 1243).
[3] Household Rolls of Bp. Sw., p. xxviii.
[4] The list in the Taxatio Nic., p. 168, is Barton, Bishop's Castle, Bishop's Frome, Bosbury, Bromyard, Cloppele, Colwall, Cradley, Eastnor. Eaton, Grendon, Hampton, Hereford, Ledbury, Lydbury North, Ross, Ross Foreign, Shelwick, Sugwas, Tupsley, Upton, and Whitbourne.
[5] Acta Sanct., p. 499.
[6] See p. 139.

lxii Introduction.

A large fine was paid by him for the custody of the manor of Earley, as also for the purchase of the wardships in the Marmion estates, and these must have been drawn from private funds. But the costly litigation caused by his ill-advised acceptance of the prebend of Preston, and his unwillingness to reinstate Peter de Langon when he vacated it himself, together with the dispute as to jurisdiction with the Bishop of St. Asaph, brought vexation and embarassment that ended only with his life. Proctors and advocates had to be paid, and presents given to Cardinals and others who had to be conciliated; such expenses were a constant drain, and we find many indications of it in his letters. He borrowed a hundred pounds from William de Rotherfield, Dean of York, [1] in 1276, and gave powers to Nicholas the Penitentiary to contract a loan to that amount at Rome in 1278. [2] The executors of his brother Hugh lent him £102 6s. 6d. in 1279; [3] Peter of Chester, Canon of the Cathedral, found him a hundred marks; [4] with the consent of the Chapter he took two hundred marks from a reserve deposited in the treasury, [5] and he was indebted to John de Clare for eighty more. [6]

There are no signs indeed of extravagance or careless management; his letter to his Seneschal [7] implies a watchful scrutiny of his accounts and effective control of his financial agents. The sum spent on the livery of his servants, though equivalent to four hundred pounds, [8] compares favourably with that, nearly six times as much, which Bishop Drokensford paid for the same purpose. [9] But an episcopal household was necessarily large; bailiffs and farm-servants were numerous; repairs were costly in so many manor houses, [10] and the keep of the thirty or more horses needed to convey his retinue from one home to another could not be dispensed with.

It is difficult to ascertain the amount and sources of his private income. Of the very large landed estates of his family not much seems to have been ever in his hands, except for a time as a guardian and trustee. We read of a little messuage in Lincolnshire

[1] See p. 105.
[2] See p. 186.
[3] See p. 213.
[4] Ibid.
[5] See p. 219.
[6] See p. 216.
[7] See p. 108.
[8] See p. 75.
[9] Drokensf. Reg., p. 102.
[10] In 1356 the Bishop and Chapter passed a resolution that the houses belonging to the See and Chapter in Hereford and on the manors were excessive in number, expensive to repair, and should not be a burden on them. (Chapter Archives).

His private property and legacies. lxiii

held under Edmund de Dynecourt; [1] property in the Manor of Barling was sold by him for sixty pounds in 1275, [2] but the bailiff had not settled his accounts in 1279. [3] Money was due to him in Ireland, [4] and he had estates in Somersetshire. [5] The mention of a bailiff in Charlecote (? in Warwickshire) points to landed interests there; [6] so also do the entries respecting Madresfield (near Worcester) and Bredenbury. [7] He had also the Manor of Berkham, which he sold to one of his pages, William de Nevyle, for £40 16s.; [8] the right of advowson of Alveston in the diocese of Worcester [9] is most easily explained by the possession of a manor there. His frequent visits to Tottenham (Totenhale) [10] may imply that he had a manor house in that neighbourhood, or he may have accepted hospitality from the Prior of Holy Trinity, but this is only matter of conjecture. On the whole from the very meagre references to him in the Hundred Rolls, or immediately after his death in the State Records, we may gather that his landed property was small. He had special licence to deal in his Will with the Manor of Earley, [11] and his interest in that passed to his sister Juliana. [12]

His Will unfortunately has not been preserved, but we have a list of the many legacies bequeathed by him, mostly in small sums, to his clerks and personal retainers. [13] These amounted to about four hundred and fifty marks, and were all paid in 1282. When the long suit about the prebend of Preston was brought to a close at Rome, sentence was pronounced that the executors of Cantilupe were to repay Langon £60 for every year in which the Bishop had detained the prebend. But Swinfield and de Montfort, the executors, showed that they had nothing left of his estate. They had laid out on his Obit what remained after payment of the legacies, [14] together with provision for his funeral and monument, and had secured discharge from the Court of Canterbury. [15]

[1] Rot. Orig. 11th of Edw. I.
[2] See p. 25.
[3] See p. 164.
[4] See p. 33.
[5] See p. 262.
[6] See p. 19, cf Inquis. p.m. p. 19.
[7] See p. 71.
[8] See p. 217.
[9] Giffard Reg., p. 44 (Worc. Hist. Soc.)
[10] See pp. 67, 164, etc.
[11] Patent Rolls, April 10, 1280.
[12] Household Roll of Bp. Sw., p. cxxx.
[13] Archives of the D. and C.
[14] One hundred marks were expended on the obit, which was first celebrated Aug. 25, 1288. Swinf. Reg., f. 45b.
[15] Document in the Archives of the D. & C.

lxv

ITINERARY OF THOMAS DE CANTILUPE.

1275.

July 10. Bradwell (Essex).
July 16. Windsor.
July 18. Windsor.
July 29. Sherborne Decani.
Aug 10. Prestbury.
Aug 11. Kempsey.
Aug 15. Dodderhill (Droitwich).
Aug 27. Sechtone.
Sept 5. Chartham.
Sept 10. Canterbury.
Sept 11. Chartham.
Sept 12. Boughton under Blean.
Sept 16. Mayfield.
Sept 21 or 22. Drayton.
Sept 23. Wokingham.
Sept 26. Sherborne Decani.
Oct 4. Sherborne Decani.
Oct 9. Windsor.
Oct 16, 17, 18. London.
Oct 21. London.
Nov 3. London.
Nov 4. London.
Nov 5. Kensington.
Nov 12. Kensington.
Nov 14. London.
Nov 16. London.
Nov 21. London.
Nov 25. Sherborne Decani.
Dec 1. Sherborne Decani.
Dec 18. Prestbury.
Dec 22. Ledbury.
Dec 27. Hereford

1276.

Jan 4. Prestbury.
Jan 9. Lambourn.
Jan 15. Winchester.
Jan 20. Winchester.
Jan 27. Sherborne Decani.
Feb 19 and 20. Hereford.
Feb 23. Sugwas.
Mar 8. Wenlock.
Mar 27. Ross.
Apr 6. Marcle.
Apr 8. Bosbury.
Apr 14. Prestbury.
Apr 25. Earley.
Apr 30. London.
May 7. Westminster.
May 11. Kensington.
May 12. Westminster.
May 15. Kensington.
June 9. Kensington.
June 21. Bromyard.
June 24. Bishop's Castle.
June 25. Wigmore.
July 1. Staunton.
July 8. Canterbury.
Aug 11. Leominster.
Aug 13. Whitbourne.
Aug 24. Sugwas.
Sept 2. Bicknor.
Sept 20. Gloucester.
Sept 26. Bosbury.
Oct 6. Colne St. Aylwin.
Oct 14. London.
Oct 17. London.
Nov 1, 3. Westminster.
Nov 8, 11, 19. Fulham.
Nov 26. Westminster.
Dec 16, 17. Earley.

lxvi Itinerary of Thomas de Cantilupe.

1277.

Jan 4. Sandford juxta Oxford.
Jan 7. Bosbury.
Jan 11. Leominster.
Jan 15. Hereford.
Jan 17. Preston.
Jan 18. Bosbury.
Mar 17. Bosbury.
Mar 28. Hereford.
Apr 6. Sugwas.
Apr 13. Earley.
Apr 22. Kensington and Westminster.
May 11. Earley.
May 30, 31. Earley.
July 7. Worcester.
July 10. Whitbourne.
July 14, 20, 22, 28. Sugwas.
Aug 2, 7. Sugwas.
Aug 28. Prestbury.
Sept 18. Leominster.
Sept 22. Sugwas.
Oct 2, 3. Bishop's Castle.
Oct 6. Wellbatch (Annscroft).
Oct 10. Bishop's Castle and Pontesbury.
Oct 13. Pontesbury.
Oct 14. Wellbatch.
Oct 19. Prestbury.
Oct 25, 26. Bishop's Castle.
Oct 29. Corsham.
Nov 8, 9. Chetton.
Nov 20. Wellbatch.
Nov 30. Bosbury.
Dec 4, 8. Sugwas.
Dec 8. Hereford.
Dec 15. Prestbury.
Dec 21. Earley.
Dec 31. London.

1278.

Jan 25. Denham.
Feb 11, 13, 18, 25. Bosbury.
Mar 4. Sugwas.
Mar 12. Rock.
Mar 16. Wellbatch.
Mar 21. Clun.
Mar 28. Knighton.
Mar 30. Dilwyn.
Apr 1. Eardisley.
Apr 8. Ross.
Apr 13. Newent.
Apr 25. Earley.
May 7, 8. Bedfont.
May 18, 23, 24. Tottenham.
May 27. Westminster.
May 31. Tottenham.
June 4. London.
June 13. Tottenham.
July 2. Bishop's Castle.
July 4. Leominster.
July 6. Bosbury.
July 15. Earley.
July 22, 23. Bedfont.
Aug. 11. Gloucester.
Aug. 16. Prestbury.
Aug. 22. Newton.
Sept. 1. Tichseye.
Sept. 18. Bosbury.
Sept. 22. Sugwas.
Sept 25. Bromfield.
Sept 26, 27. Bishop's Castle.
Oct. 2. Eaton juxta Leominster.
Oct. 4, 5. Sugwas.
Oct. 2. Bosbury.
Oct. 10. Ledbury.
Oct. 28 or 29. Tottenham.
Nov. 8. Tottenham.
Dec 17. Whitbourne.

Itinerary of Thomas de Cantilupe. lxvii

1279.

Feb. 13, 15. Sugwas.
Feb. 22, 23. Bosbury.
Mar. 14, 15, 16. Bosbury.
" Newent.
Apr. 2. Prestbury.
Apr 21. London.
Apr 25. Tottenham and Westminster.
Apr 26, 29. London.
May 1. Tottenham.
May 4. London.
May 7. Tottenham.
May 14. Sherborne Decani.
May 27. Ledbury.
June 2. Tottenham.
June 27. Earley.
July 6. Earley.
July 29. Hereford.
Aug. 4. Hasleye.
Aug. 13. London.
Aug. 17. Tottenham.
Sept. 1. London.
Sept. 5. Tottenham.
Sept. 6, 8. London.
Sept. 12. Sevenoaks.
Sept. 19. Ightham.
Oct. 7. Whaddon.
Oct. 19. Barnes.
Oct. 28, 28, 30. Earley.
Nov. 11. Earley.
Nov. 23. Calstone-Willington.
Dec. 1. Beckington.
Dec. 19. Colwall.
Dec. 20. Bishop's Frome.
Dec. 22. Lugwardine.
Dec. 25, 26. Hereford.
Dec. 28. Sugwas.

1280.

Jan. 3. Leominster.
Jan. 5. Eye.
Jan. 9. Bishop's Frome.
Jan. 13. Duntisborne.
Jan. 20, 23, 24. London.
Jan. 31. Earley.
Feb. 23. Flaxley.
Mar. 7. Lugwardine.
Mar. 31. Bosbury and Ledbury.
Apr. 4. Tenbury.
Apr. 15, 19. Whitbourne.
Apr. 30. Earley.
May 4, 14, 22. London.
May 27. Earley.
June 23. Earley.
June 28. London.
July 25. Charenton Bridge.
Aug. 12, 15, 29, 31. Charenton Bridge.
Sept. 2. Charenton Bridge.
Sept. 3. Poissy.
Sept. 15, 27. Lyre.
Oct. 9. Lyre.
Nov. 1. Lyre.

1281.

Feb. 11. Conches.
May 23, 26. Fontaine.
June 2. Fontaine.
June 16. Brynun.
June 21. Cumbisville.
July 1, 26. Fontaine.
Oct. 12. Bermondsey.
Dec. 10. Colwall.
Dec. 17. Staunton juxta London.
Dec. 21. Wenlock.

lxviii Itinerary of Thomas de Cantilupe.

1282.

Jan. 1. Wigmore.
Jan. 13. Bosbury.
Mar. 7. London.
July 10. By Montefiascone.

lxix

THE OFFICIALS OF THE BISHOP.

ARCHDEACON OF HEREFORD.- William de Conflens, allowed to be non-resident for three years to study (p. 8); prebendary of Church Withington, and incumbent of Dixton; aft. Bishop of Gebanan.

ARCHDEACON OF SALOP.- (1) James de Aquablanca had the prebend de Castro (p. 242); was a portionist of Ledbury (ibid); resigned in 1280, being under sentence of deprivation (p. 63). [The entry of the collation of Richard de Swinfield to the office was afterwards cancelled.]

(2) Adam de Fileby (p. 253), canon of the Cathedral (p. 113); Canon of St. Martin's, London (p. 287); frequently Proctor for the Bishop; collated to the Deanery conditionally (p. 234); of doubtful relations to the Bishop (p. 244); died much in debt to the Chapter (Swinf. Reg. f. 60b.); cited by Archbishop Peckham.

OFFICIAL-PRINCIPAL.- (1) Luke de Bree (or Bray) (pp. 1, 116), canon (p. 112); appointed to exercise decanal jurisdiction (ibid); Treasurer of the Cathedral (p. 212); allowed to hold the Church of Bockleton with his dignity (Swinf. Reg., f. 73b); benefited largely by the offerings of wax tapers at Cantilupe's tomb (ibid., f. 63b).

(2) Roger de Sevenake (p. 63), portionist of Bromyard; Treasurer (Swinf. Reg., f. 47a).

(3) Robert of Gloucester, appointed June 28, 1280, (p. 254); Chancellor of the Cathedral; Official to Bishop Swinfield; perhaps the poet-historian (p. xiv, n.).

VICAR-GENERAL.- (during the Bishop's absence from England). William de Montfort (p. 221) Precentor (p. 111).
Luke de Bree (p. 221), prebendary of Inkberrow (p. 122).

GUARDIANS OF THE TEMPORALITIES.- (during the Bishop's absence). William de Montfort (p. 222).
Walter de Redmarley, Canon (p. 222).

lxx The Officials of the Bishop.

PENITENTIARY.- (1) Henry FitzWarin, appointed by the King. Sede vacante (p. 1); (2) Nicholas de Hereford (p. 34).

PROCTORS.- (1) in the Roman Courts. John de Barton (p. 210).
John de Beccles (pp. 105, 209).
John de Bitterley (p. 215); has the Church of Croft (p. 234).
William Brun (p. 273).
John de Clare (p. 15), Rector of Colwall (p. 195); one of the executors of Hugh de Cantilupe (p. 213); trusted agent of the Bishop (pp. 182, 262).
Adam de Fileby (p. 187).
Rector of Lindridge (Swinf. H.R., clxxiii).
William de Ludlow (p. 279).
Bardus of Poggibonzi (pp. 12, 213).
John Waleys or Walensis (p. 105).
Edmund de Warefelde (pp. 14, 15).

(2) In the Law Courts. John de Kempsey (p. 16); Robert de Kempsey (p. 52); John de Hampton (p. 52).

(3) In all Causes. Luke de Bree (p. 221); Roger de Sevenake (p. 221).

(4) In Episcopal Councils. Robert of Gloucester (p. 224).

(5) In Ireland. Thomas de Chaddeworth (p. 25).

ACCOUNTANT. William de la Greve (p. 261).

ADVOCATES IN THE KING'S BENCH RECEIVING PENSIONS. Harno de la Barre, Alan de Walkyngham, William de Stowe, Adam de Arderne, John de Houghtone (p. 22).

ATTORNEY. Maurice de Membury (p. 228).

AUDITORS OF ACCOUNTS. John de Bradeham (p. 261); John de Clare (p. 261); Nicholas of Hereford (p. 261); Walter de Redmarley (p. 217), Canon (p. 17); Gerard of Qgina (p. 261).

CONSTABLE OF BISHOP'S CASTLE. John de Salisbury (p. 171).

SENESCHAL. John de Bradeham (pp. 3, 7).

SEQUESTRATOR. Richard de Heyton (pp. 177, 194).

TREASURER (during the Bishop's absence). Nicholas de Hereford, the Penitentiary (p. 252).

The Officials of the Bishop. lxxi

CLERKS. Luke de Bree (p. 115); John de Clare (p. 15); John de Bradeham (p. 115); John de Kempsey (p. 117); John de Say (p. 117); Nicholas of Oxford (p. 117); Gilbert de Heywood (p. 116).

BAILIFFS. John de Berkynge, b. of the Forest of Lydbury North (p. 20); William de Chilteham, b. of Whitbourne (p. 80), aft. of Ross (p. 108); John de Fairstede, b. of Barling (p. 164); Robert de Furches, b. of Whitbourne (p. 108); Nicholas de Hamptone, b. of Charlecote (p. 19); Gerard of Qgina, b. of Prestbury (p. 25); Richard, b. of Ross (p. 108); Walter, b. of Ledbury.
The b. of Hereford is referred to (p. 17), but like those of the other episcopal manors is not named.

CHAMBERLAINS, ETC. Nicholas de Hodinet, Robert Deynte, Acta Sanct. (p. 534); Henry de Lacu (p. 76); Hamo le Dale (p. 170); Hugh le Barber, with Cantilupe at Paris and Oxford, Acta Sanct. (p. 533); Robert de Wytacre (do.); Richard de Kimberley, in variis officiis, Acta Sanct. (533).

CHAMPION (pugil). Thomas of Bridgnorth, whose salary was half a mark (p. 104).

GUSTOS OF WESTWOOD COPSES. Madoc de Eyton (p. 146).

FORESTERS. Russell and Witlock of Malvern (p. 159).

FOWLER. Adam Harpyn (p. 26).

PARKER. John le Blont of Ledbury (p. 43).

VALET. William de Nevyle (p. 26).

WATCHMAN (gayta}. William le Wayte, Acta Sanct. (p. 534).

The list is of course not complete. There were others on manorial estates of whom no mention occurs in the Register, and household servants of humbler rank are unnoticed. Of these at least a dozen received legacies under his will. (Notarial document in the Archives of the D. and C.)

THE REGISTER
OF
THOMAS DE CANTILUPE
BISHOP OF HEREFORD
(A.D. 1275-1282).

TRANSCRIBED BY THE
REV. R. G. GRIFFITHS, VICAR OF CLIFTON-ON-TEME,
WITH AN
INTRODUCTION
BY THE
REV. W. W. CAPES, CANON OF HEREFORD,
WILSON AND PHILLIPS, PRINTERS, EIGN STREET.

PREFACE.

THE Register of Bishop Cantilupe had been already transcribed, as a labour of love, by the Rev. R. G. Griffiths, before there was any definite scheme of publication. In the accomplishment of this work he wishes to acknowledge with grateful thanks the great assistance which he has received from Prebendary Hingeston- Randolph, the Editor of the Exeter Registers, to whom he is indebted for his ability to decipher many obscure and difficult portions of the Register, and to whose mature experience the accuracy of the text is due.

The Index is also the work of the Transcriber.

The transcript reproduces the original text with the irregularities and variations of spelling which are especially frequent in case of the personal and local names. These are printed as they stand without any mark to call attention to the inconsistencies of usage. The Register is ill-arranged and some copies of earlier documents are stitched between the pages. Towards the end of it the writing is often indistinct and portions of the text have been torn off or worn away.

It was thought that most readers would prefer to have the modern forms of place-names given in the English abstracts, where they could be ascertained, but this has been done at the cost, to some extent, of uniformity of style, and the risk of possible error due to the lack of familiar acquaintance with a diocese whose boundaries have been shifted in the course of time.

The Editor has to thank Viscount Dillon, who has kindly explained some obscure terms in a passage dealing with Medieval armour, and several friends who have given help in determining such references as required full local knowledge.

Notes have been added with a very sparing hand, as it was not desirable to increase the bulk of the work.

ERRATA.

Page 153. omit "and his seneschal".

REGISTRUM THOME DE CANTILUPO, Episcopi Herefordensis, H.D., 1275-1282

July 10, 1275.- The custody of the Church of Brampton Bryan is committed to Robert de Lacy, acolyte, presented by the Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Mandate to the Bishop's Official to induct him.

BRAMPTONE BRIAN.- Vj Idus Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto, commorans apud Bradewelle, commisit Dominus Thomas Electus Herefordensis Roberto de Lacy, acolito, presentato per fratrem Josep [1] de Cauncy, tune Prioreni Hospitalis Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia, custodiam [2] ecclesie de Bramptone Brian usque ad Festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens; et mandavit Officiali suo, magistro Luce de Bre, quod eum faciat induci in possessionem ejusdem nomine custodie per eum ad quern ea res pertinet. Datum apud Bra[d]welle, vj Idus Julii.

July 10.- Letters dimissory granted to Robert de Lacy, acolyte, that he may be ordained subdeacon by any Bishop of the Province of Canterbury.

Thomas, miseracione divina Electus Herefordensis, dilecto sibi in Christo Roberto de Lacy, acolito, salutem in salutis auctore. Tuis supplicacionibus inclinati ut a quocumque Episcopo Provincie Cantuariensis te ordinare volente ordinem subdiaconatus recipere valeas, et in suscepto ordine ministrare, tibi tenore presencium indulgemus. Datum apud Bradewelle, vj Idus Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

July 16.- The Elect commends to the Chapter Henry Fitz Waryn, appointed by the King, during the vacancy of the See, to the office of Penitentiary of the Cathedral.

HEREFORDE.- Viris venerabilibus et discretis fratribus suis et amicis in Christo carissimis dominis, Capitulo Herefordensi, Thomas, etc., salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Cum Dominus noster E[wardus], Rex Anglie illustris, credens penitenciariam

[1] Josep and Jerusalem have here no case-endings, cf Ann. de Dunst. p. 258 (Rolls).
[2] The custodia of a Church, or comtnenda, had been lately limited to six months by the Second Council of Lyons.

2 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

July 18.- The Elect deplores the scandals and animosities caused by the two rival claimants to the Deanery, each of whom has appointed a Subdean; he begs the Chapter to use its influence with them that he may not have to resort to stringent measures.

[Fol. 1b] HEREFORDE.- Capitulo Herefordensi salutem. Quanti dolores, quot angustie, que tormenta nostra interiora conturbent nee vobis lingua disserere nee per scripturam possumus explanare. Ecce enim, dum in pace credidimus existere locum nostrum, lites nobis enormes, scandala plurima, et contenciones multifarie sunt in promptu. Et a quibus deceret in civitate fontem justicie scaturire, ex illis, ut dicitur, insurgunt jurgia et nascitur occasio delictorum. Sicut enim nobis nuper fideli fuit, ut credimus, relacione suggestum, sub venerabilibus fratribus illis duobus qui videlicet super Decanatu contendunt, membra civitatis nostre nutare cernuntur, dum duo [1] capita se habere conspiciunt, qui ambo nostros subditos excommunicant et suspeudunt, immo pocius omni qua possunt confusione confundunt, et uterque eorum sibi fecit, contra antiquas Ecclesie consuetudines, subdecanum. [2] Ex quibus timeri possunt perjuria, animarum pericula, et poterit successu temporis fides periclitari, et dabitur semper major ac major malignis materia delinquendi. Quocirca fraternitatem vestram attente requirimus et rogamus quatinus predictos duos taliter contendentes et procuratores ipsorum vice nos tra moneatis et efficaciter inducatis ut arma non moveant, nee per suos moveri permittant, nee pacem Ecclesie ullo modo perturbent, vel aliquid faciant per quod periculum corporum aut eciam anima rum valeat iminere, set de consilio amicorum aliquam formam

[1] The two rival claimants were John de Aquablanca and Giles de Avenbury; v. Introduction.
[2] No Subdean is recognised in the Constitution of the Chapter, but the delegate of the Dean in his local jurisdiction, though not a member of the Chapter, was styled Subdean in ancient documents.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 3

July 29.- Mandate to the Seneschal to hold a court at Prestbury to inquire if Peter de Brompton and Roger de Hyntesham were seized of twenty-five acres at Sevenhampton before the death of Bishop John, and if so, to give them possession of the land.

CLOPPELE.- Magistro Johanni de Bradeham, Senescallo suo, salutem. Cum dileccione sincera mandamus vobis quatinus faciatis curiam nostram de Prestebury quamcito poteritis summoneri; et ad idem manerium personaliter accedentes, per liberos et legales homines, per quos rei veritas melius sciri potest, diligenter inquiratis utrum dominus Petrus de Bromptone et Rogerus de Hyntesham fuerunt seisiti in dominico suo ut de feudo, ante obitum bone memorie Johannis, Herefordensis Episcopi, de xxv acris terre et prati cum pertinenciis in Sevenhamptone, quas quidem xxv acras dictus Episcopus emit a Radulfo Musard de Asshe, et quas idem Episcopus eisdem Petro et Rogero dedit, et eos inde seisivit ante mortem suam, ut dicunt. Et si rem inveneritis ita esse, tune volumus et mandamus quod permittatis dictos P[etrum] et R[ogerum] libere seisina sua gaudere, et de fructibus dicte terre disponere pro suo libito voluntatis. Si vero de predicta seisina eorum per inquisicionem non constet, tune dicte terre fructus colligi faciatis, et in domo aliqua sub testimonio et custodia duorum vel trium legalium hominum reponi faciatis et salve custodiri, donee vobis aliud super hoc dederimus in mandatis. Datum apud Schyreburne, iiij Kalendas Augusti, anno supradicto.

Aug. 10.- Renewed appeal to the Chapter to abate the evils of the disputed election, and to advise as to the steps which should be taken.

[Fol. 2] HEREFORDE.- Viris venerabilibus et discretis fratribus et amicis carissimis dominis, Capitulo Herefordensi, Thomas, etc., salutem et

4 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Episcopi Herefordensis. 5

[Fol 2b] HEREFORDE.- Omnibus Christi fidelibus presentes iitteras mspecturis Thomas, etc., salutem in Domino. Noveritis nos recepisse a venerabilibus fratribus nostris, Capitulo Herefordensi, unam mitram preciosarn, quam Dominus H[enricus] quondam Rex Anglie dedit Petro Episcopo et Capitulo predicto, ad usus ipsius Petri quamdiu viveret; et unam aliam mitram, que fuit Radulfi Episcopi; et unum baculum pastoralem, qui fuit Johannis Episcopi; et unum annulum, qui fuit Egidii Episcopi; precario a predicto Capitulo quamdiu vixerimus possidenda. Que omnia eidem Capitulo per executores nostros reddi promittimus infra mensem a die obitus nostri. Ita tamen quod, si Abbas de Radinges [1] evincat dictum baculum pas toralem, nos aut executores nostri ad eum reddendum minime teneamur. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Prestbury, iiij Idus Augusti, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Aug. 10.- Appeal to the civic authorities of Hereford to respect the ancient rights and privileges of the Bishop and the Chapter.

HEREFORDE.- Viris providis et discretis amicis in Christo carissimis, ballivis ac aliis civibus Herefordensibus, Thomas, etc., salutem, etc. Cum Episcopi et Decani Herefordenses, qui fuerunt pro ternpore, ac ejusdem loci Capitulum, et eorum tenentes in civitate et suburbio Herefordie, multas libertates et liberas consuetudines habuerint, et eis in pace sint usi multorum Regum temporibus ab antiquo, quidam ipsius incole civitatis nobis, hominibus nostris, Decano et Capitulo ac eorum hominibus, multa, ut dicitur, grava mina inferunt, et afficiunt multis injuriis contra predictas liber tates, eas quatenus in ipsis est non absque sacrilegii crimine infringendo, et eciam contra composiciones prius initas veniendo. Quocirca universitatem vestram, quam pre aliis sincera affeccione diligimus, attente requirimus et rogamus, vos in Domino exhortando, quatinus permittatis libere nos, senescallos, ballivos, et alios homines nostros, ac venerabiles fratres nostros, Decanum et Capitulum Ecclesie nostre, dictis libertatibus et liberis cousuetudinibus in pace gaudere; non inferentes, nee inferri permittentes, nobis, Capitulo, seu nostris, dampnum aliquod, impedimentum, molestiam, seu

[1] Bishop John le Breton was greatly in debt at his death. The staff may have been mortgaged, but no explanation can be found.

6 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Aug. 11.- The Prior of Gloucester is asked to send certain pieces of armour and garments deposited in his charge, and is thanked for his care of them and others.

[Fol. 3] DE ARMIS.- Viro religioso venerabili et discrete domino Priori Gloucestrie Thomas, etc., salutem et promptam ad beneplacita voluntatem. Super eo quod res nostras custodiendas curialiter recepistis grates vobis referimus speciales. Quia vero quibusdam ex eis egemus ad presens, discrecionem vestram presentibus exoramus quatinus unum par coopertoriomm de ferro ad equum, quinque loricas, duos haubercions, duas ferreas coyfas, [1] unum par manicularum de ferro, duo paria caligarum de ferro, duo bombacima, [2] unum sambezionum, [3] duos capellos ferreos, v bacinos, [4] vj colarios magnos, [5] et duos parvos, unum par de quissonibus, [6] quatuor paria gemilariorum [7] et tria estrumelariorum, [8] dilecto nobis Willelmo de Cbylteham, ballivo nostro de Bromyard, exhibitori presencium tradatis. In cujus rei testimonium presentes litteras vobis mitti mus ad warrantum. Valeatis in Domino. Datum apud Kemeseye, iij Idus Augusti, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto. Alias res nostras, que penes vos sunt, salve custodiatis, si placet, donee aliud a nobis mandatum receperitis in hac parte.

Aug. 15.- Licence of non-residence for five years to Canturmus, the Rector of Eastnor, that he may join the Crusade. He may farm out the produce meantime.

ESTENOURA.- Thomas, miseracione divina Hereford ensis Ecclesie minister humilis dilecto in Christo magistro Canturmo, Rectori ecclesie de Estenora, salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Cum zelo fidei ac devocionis accensus, signo vivifice crucis assumpto, proposueris in terre sancte subsidium proficisci, nos tuis justis postulacionibus benignum impercientes assensum, ut facilius et efficacius valeas reddere Domino votum tuum, obligandi seu

[1] ferreas coyfas, hoods of chain mail.
[2] bombacima, doublets of stiffened cotton.
[3] sambezionum, quilted garment, gambeson.
[4] bacinos, helmets.
[5] colarios, gorgets.
[6] quissonibus, thigh-plates.
[7] gemilariorum, knee-caps, genouillibre.
[8] estrunielariorum, greaves, trumetire.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 7

Sept. 5.- Institution to the Vicarage of Tenbury of Roger de Tenbury, presented by the Proctor of the Abbot and Convent of Lyre.

THEMEDEBURY.- Nonis Septembris apud Chartham Rogerus de Themedebury, capellanus, ad presentacionem fratris Randulfi de Romuleyo, Procuratoris religiosorum virorum Abbatis et Conventus de Lyra, verorum patronorum vicarie ecclesie de Themedebury, Pro curatoris in Anglia Generalis, est canonice per Dominum Thomam, Herefordensem Electum, institutus in dicta vicaria; et juravit quod in ea perpetuo residebit personaliter.

Sept. 10.- Collation of Alan de Greppinge to a canonical house vacated by Roger de Bosbury.

HEREFORDE.- Thomas, miseracione divina Herefordensis Episcopus, dilecto filio magistro Alano de Creppinge salutem. Habitacionem domorum, que fuerunt olim magistri Petri de Langun et postea magistri Rogeri de Bosebury in Herefordia, ad nostram donacionem spectancium, precario vobis concedimus, donee presentem graciam duxerimus revocandam. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Cantuariam, iiij Idus Septembris, Consecracionis nostre anno primo, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Sept. 10.- Mandate to the Official and bailiffs to protect the property of William de Conflens, Archdeacon of Hereford, during his term of non-residence.

[Fol 3b] ARCHIDIACONUS HEREFORDENSIS.- Universis presentes litteras inspecturis Thomas, etc., salutem in Domino sempiternam. Cum dilecto nostro Gulielmo de Conflens, [1] Archidiacono Herefordensi, licenciam dederimus morandi in scolis aut in Curia Romana per

[1] In MS. Confleiis.

8 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Licence of non-residence to William de Conflens for three years, while at his studies or the Papal court or his native place.

ARCHIDIACONO HEREFORDENSI.- Thomas, etc., Gulielmo de Conflens, Archidiacono Herefordensi, salutem, graciam, et benediccionem. Ut per triennium scholasticis valeas ubi volueris insistere disciplinis, aut in Curia Romana seu in partibus tuis1 de quibus oriundus existis si opus tibi fuerit conversari, ac interim fructus, redditus, et proventus prebende tue Herefordensis et ecclesie Dukestone [2] et Archidiaconatus tui predicti, sicut consuevisti, percipere valeas, tenore presencium liberarn tibi concedimus facultatem; proviso quod interim ipsis prebende, ecclesie, et Archidiaconatui facias per idoneos vicarios seu officiales deserviri, ita quod debitis non fraudentur obsequiis et animarum cura in eis nullatenus negligatur. In cujus rei, etc.

Sept. 11.- Mandate to the Canon on duty to induct Henry de Woodstock to the prebend of Preston, vacated by the Bishop, and to install him in the Cathedral.

[Fol 4] Thomas, etc., Ebdomodario [3] ejusdem Ecclesie salutem, etc. Cum prebendam de Preston, quam in Ecclesia Herefordensi tenuimus, nunc vacantem, dilecto nobis in Christo domino Henrico de Wodestoke nuper contulerimus intuitu caritatis, vobis mandamus quatinus dictum Henricum vel ejus Procuratorem in corporalem possessionem memorate prebende et omnium pertinencium ad eandem vice nostra et auctoritate inducatis, locum et stallum in Capitulo et Choro ei

[1] Probably in Savoy, at a place named Conflens, at the confluence of two rivers.
[2] Now Dixton, near Monmouth.
[3] Hebdomadary was, in Hereford as elsewhere, a name for the Canon who was on duty for the week. When non-residence became common the term distinguished the Canon in residence, who took the place of the Dean in his absence. The word is variously spelt in the MS.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 9

Sept. 7.- Custody of the Chapel of Shipton committed to John de Ayno, acolyte, presented by the Priory of Wenlock.

SKYPTONE.- Septimo Idus Septembris commissa est Johanni de Ayno, acolito, ad capellam de Scyptone per Priorem et Conventum de Wenlac presentato, custodia ejusdem capelle usque ad proximum sequens Natale Domini.

Aug. 27.- Letter of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, affirming his long possession of three villages claimed by the Bishop-elect, but promising, when more at leisure, further inquiry as to his rights.

DE LEULINO.- Verierabili in Christo Patri, Domino Thome, Dei gracia Herefordensi Electo, suus si placet amicus, Lfeulinus], Princeps Wallie, Dominus Snaudonie, salutem et reverenciam cum honore. Litteras vestras recepimus continentes, quod nos tres villas ad manerium ecclesie vestre vestrum de Northledebury pertinentes, prout vobis suggeritur, tenemus minus juste occupatas; quare nobis per easdem litteras supplicastis dictas tres villas vobis benigne per nos restitui. Nos, vero, justas peticiones vestras devote exaudire volentes, vobis tenore presencium innotescere volumus quod, cum dicte tres ville a diu retroactis temporibus sub dominio nostro extiterunt, ad alicujus suggestionem eas restituere de jure non tenemur, prout nobis videtur; set vobis in hac parte deferre [1] volentes, expeditis arduis negociis quibus ad presens occupamur, inquiri faciemus ad quos dicte ville spectare debeant, et secundum quod receperimus in inquisicione supradicta, habito prudentum consilio, operari properabimus [2] quatenus secundum Deum et justiciam expedire viderimus. Vos, eciam, si placet, indempnitati Ecclesie vestre ita prospicere velitis quod jus nostrum in aliquo non ledatur. Valeat Paternitas vestra benedicta et diu in Domino. Datum apud Sechtone vj Kalendas Septembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Reply, declining to accept any decision of Llewelyn's Seneschals in the inquiry promised by him.

[Fol. 4b] LEULINO.- Nobili viro et Principi Magnifico, Domino Leulino, Principi Wallie, Thomas, etc., salutem, amiciciam, et honorem. Nuper vobis supplicavimus per nostras litteras, humiliter et devote,

[1] In MS. defferre.
[2] In MS. properavinius.

10 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Sept. 16.- Letter of Archbishop Kilwardby urging Llewelyn to restore the villages claimed by the Bishop and warning him that a sentence of spiritual censures, passed by the Magnates and Prelates of England, against the violators of ecclesiastical rights, had been confirmed by the Pope.

CONTEA LEULINUM.- Frater Robertus, permissione divina Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus, tocius Anglie Prim as, Nobili viro et amico karissimo, Domino L[eulino], Principi Wallie et Domino Snaudonie, salutem et Sanctam Ecclesiam Matrem vestram devocione debita revereri. Intelleximus, non modicum admirantes, quod vos tres villas, videlicet, Astone, Muletone, et Chestroke, spectantes ad Episcopatum Herefordensem, detenuistis et occupatis a diu, et adhuc contra justiciam detiuetis, in ipsius Episcopi et sue Ecclesie magnum prejudicium et anime vestre grave periculum, quod deberetis precipue et super omnia formidare. Et, quia inter ceteras Suffraganeorum nostrorum Ecclesias in quarum quiete quiescimus et turbacione turbamur ad presens specialiter afficimur ad prefatam Herefordensem Ecclesiam racione persone presidentis eidem, quam a multo tempore [1] diversitate morum et virtutum commendabilium novimus insignitam, quamque ipsius probitates et merita, non solum nobis, set eciam ceteris omnibus, reddiderunt hactenus graciosam; vestram discrecionem

[1] In MS. tempus.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 11

Sept. 12.- Indulgence of twenty days granted to all who, being penitent and confessed, pray at Boughton-under-Blean for the soul of the late Rector, Richard de Meopham.

[Fol. 5] INDULGENCIA.- Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, Thomas, etc., salutem, etc. Cum sit sancta ac salubris cogitacio preces fundare pro defunctis ut a peccatorum suorum nexibus mereantur absolvi, nos, de Omnipotentis Dei misericordia, gloriose Virginis Marie genitricis ejus, Beati Etheleberti Martiris, et omnium Sanctorum meritis confidentes, omnibus parochianis nostris, et aliis quorum Diocesani hanc nostram Indulgenciam ratam habuerint, vere penitentibus, contritis, et confessis, qui ecclesiam Beati Petri de Boctona Archiepiscopi visitaverint et pro anima pie memorie Ricardi de Mapabam, [1] quondam Rectoris ejusdem ecclesie,

[1] Archdeacon of Oxford and Dean of Lincoln, sent in 1263 with Simon de Montfort in the name of the Barons to the Parliament of France (Gervase Cont. II. 224, Rolls).

12 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Sept. 26.- Appointment of Bardus de Podio Bonisii1 and Edmund de Warefelde as the Bishop's Proctors in the Papal Court in the suit of Peter de Langone.

[Fol. 5b] PROCULATORIUM.- Noverint universi quod nos, Thomas, etc., constituimus, facimus, et ordinamus dilectos nobis in Christo magistrum Bardum de Podio Bonisii et Edmundum de Warefelde, conjunctim [et] divisim, sub alternacione, Procuratores nostros in causa quam magister Petrus de Langone movet contra nos in Curia Romana super prebenda de Prestone in Ecclesia Hereforden&i ad agendum, defendendum, [2] excipiendum, repplicandum, litem contestandum, in animam nostram jurandum tarn de calumpnia quam de veritate dicenda, ponendum et articulandum, posicionibus et articulis respondendum, testes et instruments producendum, obiciendum crimina et defectus, interloqutoriam et diffinitivam sentenciam audiendum, appellandum, appellaciones prosequendum, et ad omnia alia facienda que nos facere possemus si presentes essemus. Damus eciam isdem, vel alteri eorum, specialem potestatem alium vel alios Procuratorem seu Procuratores substituendi, omnia supradicta in Curia memorata, et substituturn seu substitutes, cum expedire viderint, revocandi; ratum habituri et graturn quicquid dicti Procuratores, vel unus eorum, aut substitute, seu substitutus ab ipsis, nomine nostro fecerint in premissis, ita quod quo ad dictos principales Procuratores nostros non sit condicio melior occupantis. Pro ipsis eciam Procuratoribus et substitute seu substitutis ab ipsis sub ypoteca rerum nostrarum judicatum solvi promittimus. In cujus rei, &c. Datum apud Schyreburne vj Kalendas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

[1] He received a pension from Archbishop Peckham for like services (Register III., 1003, Rolls). The Bardi were a well known banking firm at Florence. With de Podio Bonisii cf de Podio lonieii (Bronescomb's Reg. 368) and de Podio bastonis (Papal L. I. 612). Podium=Poggio=Puy.
[2] In MS. deff.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 13

EDMUNDO DE WAREFELDE.- Thomas, etc., magistro Eadmundo de Warefelde, salutem, etc. Procuratorium inter nos alias preloqutum, de nobis et magistro Bardo confectum, vobis mittimus custodiendum, de vestra fidelitate fiduciam reportantes; ita quod nulli viventi tradatur a vestris manibus nee monstretur; set nee Bardo, nisi talem necessitatem videritis quod causa et ejus processus periclitentur, aut persone nostre pro tempore quo tenuimus prebendam de qua agitur videritis manifesto periculum iminere. Yolumus tamen quod vos et Bardus, non faciendo mencionem de isto procuratorio, adinvicem de ista materia conferatis, ut sciatis a Bardo, qui merita cause novit, quid senserit de eadem, et quid vos et ipse B[ardus], ac alii amici nostri in Curia, senserint in hac parte; et que relacione digna fiunt in Curia hiis diebus nobis amore nostro scribatis, cum oportunitatern habueritis nunciorum. Ad hec, si contingat in Curia aliquem contra nos impetrare [1] directe, vellemus habere Gloucestriam vel Wygorniam vel Bristolliam saltim pro loco, et Abbatem Sancti Petri Gloucestrie, vel Priorem Wygornie, pro judicibus; et, si aliquis contra nos impetret indirecte, non transeat nisi prius caucione [2] confecta; et advertatis semper de Burgundis, [3] et de quocunque Canonico Herefordensi. Cauciones, si vos contingat habere, nobis per intervenientes inter alia transmittatis. Processum cause predicte habent mercatores Lucani; quibus scribimus pro processu vobis tradendo. Vosque ipsum processum recipiatis ab ipsis, si sit necesse; ilium nemini viventi tradentes sine nostra littera speciali, nee eum eciam ostendeutes nisi urgens necessitas, ut supradicitur, vos compellat; nee ilium processum amore nostro, nisi subsit causa necessitatis predicta, repetatis a manibus mercatorum; set si necesse non fuerit remaneat processus in manibus eorumdem. Datum apud Schyreburne, vj Kalendas Octobris, anno predicto.

Sept. 21 or 22.- Memorandum that a proxy was sent to Edmund de Warefelde by Adam de Fyleby, from Drayton.

Memorandum quod Dominus Episcopus mandavit unum proshop Peter quoa jjommus nipiscopus manuavit unui

[1] I.e. succeed in having a case referred to judges delegated for the purpose.
[2] Security that the plaintiff will prosecute his claim in Court.
[3] Peter de Langone was a Burgundian, as were other Canons put in by Bishop Aquablanca. v. Introduction.

14 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Sept. 23.- Memorandum that a like commission was issued from Wokingham.

Item memorandum, quod dictus Eadmundus [de Warefelde] in omnem eventum habuit a Domino simile procuratorium ad id faciendum in Curia, sub data apud Wokingeham ix Kalendas Octobris, dicto anno.

Letter to the Dean of S. Paul's complaining of the violent conduct of the Seneschal, B. de Cornerche, at Barling towards the Bishop's bailiff.

[Fol. 6] DECANUS SANCTI PAULI LONDONIARUM.- Viro venerabili et discreto H[erveio de Borham], Decano Sancti Pauli Londoniarum,Thomas, etc., salutem, etc. Non potest aliquis cicius decipi quam quod sibi mandentur pax, tranquillitas, concordia, ac amicicia, et earum opposita opere compleantur. Ecce vero cum sub pacis quiete manere credebamus, saltim usque ad vicinum nostrum adventum Londonias sicut vestre et Capituli Londoniensis nobis nuper misse littere continebant, per Ballivum nostrum de Barlinge [2] et alios nobis est gravi suggestione monstratum quod magister R. de Cornerche, nominans se non domini Decani nee Capituli set tantum domini Henrici Senescallum, primo venit apud Barlinge, consecracionis nostre munere vix optento, et priusquam de alicujus jure discussum esset, et cepit fidelitates hominuin manerii, precepta statuit et edicta, in nostri prejudicium et gravamen; et [est monstratum] quod dictus Senescallus, dictis gravaminibus nisi majora pretenderet non contentus, nuper cum multitudine arma portancium rediit iterato; et quod prius, ut videbatur ei, non fecerat tune complevit; novum statuens Ballivum ibidem, et dictis hominibus injungens quod essent illi soli Ballivo in omnibus intendentes; quodque deterius est, nostrum Ballivum, ut potuit reclamantem, violenter juribus ejiciens et expellens, propter quod fiebat magnus tumultus in populo, nobis super hiis omnibus minime premunitis, ac bona nostra in Curia et extra sequestrans; ita quod bonorum administracio haberi non potest ad nostrum

[1] Afterwards Archdeacon of Shropshire and cited by Archbishop Peckham for misconduct (Reg. II. 526). A proctor of Archbishop Walter Giffard complains of the protervitas of Adam de Fileby and his character well known in the Roman Curia (Reg. 10).
[2] The Bishop appears to have had private property in Barling, a manor of St. Paul's.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 15

Sept. 26.- Instructions to bankers of Lucca to transfer documents to the Bishop's Proctors and to hold in reserve seven marks to be used as he may direct.

[Fol. 6b] MERCATORIBUS LUCANIS.- Thomas de Cantilupo, etc., Bandino et sociis suis, mercatoribus Lucanis, in Curia Eomana commorantibus, salutem, etc. Intelleximus quod Johannes de Clare, clericus noster, et magister Bardus de Podio Bonisii, tune Procurator noster in Curia, in recessu de Lugduno, [1] processum cujusdam cause quam in Curia habuimus vobis tradiderunt, custodiendum et restituendum nostro Procuratori legitimo ad Curiam venienti. Nos igitur dilectum nostrum magistrum Edmundum de Warefelde legitimum nostrum Procuratorem ad Curiam destinantes, vos rogamus attente quatinus dictum processum prefato Edmundo, cum ad vos venerit pro eodem, liberetis. Ad hec vij marcas sterlingorum, quas ex tradicione dicti Johannis de Clare penes vos habetis, unde vestram litteram optinemus, in deposito teneatis quousque eas ad aliqua negocia in Curia assignaverimus, et de hujusmodi assignacione per nostras litteras vobis constet. Valete. Datum Shyreburne, vj Kalendas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

[1] After the Second Council of Lyons.

16 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

PROCURATORIUM DE BARLINGE.- Pateat universis ad quos pervenerit hec scriptura qaod nos Thomas, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopus, facimus et ordinamus dilectum nobis Johannem de Kemseya, clericum, exhibitorem presentis pagine, Procuratorem nostrum ad appellandum nomine nostro ad quern vel ad quos viderit expedire, et temporibus atque locis quibus viderit expedire, a diversis gravaminibus et injuriis nobis a domino Herveo Decano, et Capitulo Sancti Pauli Londoniarum illatis, sicut pro loco et tempore docere poterimus evidenter, et ad prosequendum appellacionem interpositam cum effectu, et ad alia facienda que ad appellacionem hujusmodi pertinere noscuntur; ratum habituri quicquid dictus Johannes nomine nostro fecerit in hac parte. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Schyreburne vj Kalendas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Oct. 3.- Mandate to the Bishop's Official to hold the usual inquiry respecting the Church of Hope Bowdler, to which Robert Stapeltone has been presented by Sir Eudo la Zouche.

LITTERE INQUISICIONIS.- Thomas, etc., Officiali suo, salutem, etc. Presentavit nobis dilectus films, nobilis vir dominus Eudo la Zouche, Robertum de Stapeltone, clericum, ad ecclesiam de Hopebolers, vacantem, et ad presentacionem [suam] spectantem, ut dicit. Quocirca vobis mandamus quatinus an dicta Ecclesia vacet, qualiter vacet, a quo tempore ceperit vacare, quis sit ejus verus patronus, quis ultimo presentaverit ad earn, cujus estimacionis existat, an sit pensionaria, an litigiosa, an presentatus alias beneficiatus sit, et in Sacris Ordinibus constitutus, et de aliis ipsius meritis ac ceteris articulis debitis et consuetis, inquisicionem faciatis in pleno loci capitulo diligentem. Et quid acceperitis per eandem nobis per vestras litteras patentes sigillo vestro inclusas fideliter intimetis. Datum apud Shyreburne iiij Nonas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Oct. 9. Collation of Henry de Wodestoke to the prebend of Preston.

[Fol. 7] HENEICUS DE WODESTOKE.- Thomas, etc., domino Henrico de Wodestoke, clerico, salutem, etc. Prebendam de Prestone, quam in Ecclesia Herefordensi tenuimus, vobis cum suo onere conferimus intuitu caritatis. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Wyndlesoram vij Idus Octobris, anno Domini M CCLXX quinto.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 17

DE JOHANNE LE PARKER.- Thomas, etc., magistro Johanni de Bradeham, Senescallo suo, graciam et benediccionem. Quia ad instanciam dilectorum filiorum, magistrorum A. de Fileby, H. de Neuwerc, et domini W. de Kydmarle, Canonicorum Herefordie, relaxavimus dilecto filio Johanni le Parker sectam quam nobis debet ad Curiam nostram de Bromyard usque ad proximo sequens Pasca, vobis mandamus quatinus dictum Johannem de dicta secta quietum esse faciatis usque ad terminum supradictum. Et quia intelleximus quod bone memorie Dominus Johannes, predecessor noster, dicto Johanni donavit octo quercus dum viveret in bosco nostro de Bromyard, quarum quinque sunt prostrate, ut dicit, vobis mandamus quatinus, si per fideles nostros hec inveneritis vera esse, dictas quinque quercus, sicut prostrate sunt, eidem Johanni habere faciatis. Datum Londoniis, xvij Kalendas Novembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Oct. 17.- Institution to the Vicarage of Aymestrey of Thomas of Leominster, presented by the Abbot and Convent of Wigmore. Mandate to the Official to induct.

INSTITUCIO VICARIE DE AYLMONDESTRE.- Thomas, etc., Thome de Lemenestre, presbitero, salutem, etc. Ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum, Abbatis et Conventus de Wygemore, verorum patronorum vicarie ecclesie de Aylmondestre, te ad ipsam vicariam admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem, ac de ipsa per nos trum anulum investimus. In cujus, etc. Datum Londoniis, xvj Kalendas Novembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Mandatum est Officiali Herefordensi quod inducat dictum Thomam in corporaleni possessionem predicte vicarie.

Oct. 18.- Mandate to the bailiff of Hereford not to distrain for arrears of rent due from John de Caytone.

DE JOHANNE BE CAYTONE.- Mandatum est ballivo Herefordensi quod nullam faciat districcionem super dominum Johannem de Caytone racione redditus per ipsum debiti de tempore Johannis Episcopi, nee pro eo qui a retro est de tempore ultimo vacacionis Episcopatus Herefordensis, et quod peticionem redditus quern debet Domino de tempore suo ponat in respectum usque ad Natale

18 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Oct. 21.- Letter to Edmund de Warefelde informing him that Henry de Woodstock has undertaken to defend the suit for the prebend of Preston to which he has been collated, and direct ing that the record of the proceedings be entrusted to Bardus of Poggibonzi as Proctor for Henry de Woodstock. A eopy of the letter sent to Bardus is enclosed.

[Fol. 7b] EDMUNDUS DE WAREFELDE.- Thomas, etc., dilecto Procuratori suo, magistro Edmundo de Warefelde, salutem cum dileccione sincera. Scribimus magistro Bardo, Procuratori nostro, in forma inferius annotata, Thomas, miseracione divina Episcopus Herefordensis, dilecto Procuratori suo, magistro Bardo de Podio Bonisii, salutem cum dileccione sincera. Quia prebendam de Prestone in Ecclesia Herefordensi, super qua inquietavit nos P. de Langone, dilecto amico, domino Henrico de Wodestocke, illustris Regine Anglie Cancellario et clerico speciali, cum suo onere contulimus intuitu caritatis; qui cause super ipsa mote defensionem in se sponte suscepit, et nos pro futuris temporibus, quantum ad ea que causam contingunt, indempnes servare fideliter repromisit; discrecionem vestram affectuose requirimus et rogamus quatinus dicti Henrici velitis esse in causa predicta diligens Procurator, sicut noster nostri gratia hactenus extitistis, summo opere procurantes ut nos racione dicte cause nee dampnum nee periculum incurrarnus. Cum enim dictam prebendam nee possideamus nee dolo desierimus possidere, ejusque possessor earn, non litis ignarus set onera [et] pericula sciens, receperit in se, videtur decetero ornne onus quod accidet suscepisse, et nos per consequens liberasse, quod et in se spontanea voluntate suscepit. Mittit autem ad vos predictus dominus Henricus quendam clericum ad instruendum et informandum vos plenius in causa predicta, et qui pro labors vestro imposterum pro defensione dicte cause vobis et aliis advocatis in eadem causa satisfaciet competenter, Nosque autem et dictus H[enricus] scribimus Bandino et aliis sociis suis, mercatoribus Lucanis, quod vobis processum dicte cause tradant. Datum, etc. Iste est tenor littere dicto Bardo directe. Et quia de vobis, magister Eadmunde, specialiter confidimus, rogamus quatinus tradicioni processus Bardo faciende intersitis, cum tradi contingat. Valeatis. Datum Londoniis, xii Kalendas Novembris. Statum dicte cause nobis per intervenientes frequenter significare curetis.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 19

[Fol. 8] MERCATORIBUS LUCANIS IN CURIA ROMANA.- Thomas, etc., dilectis amicis in Christo Bandino et sociis suis, mercatoribus Lucanis, in Curia Romana commorantibus, salutem cum dileccione sincera. Licet inter vos et Johannem de Clare, clericum et Procuratorem nostrum, anno preterite in Curia Romana conventum esset, et a vobis, ut audivirnus, firmiter repromissum quod vos processum quendam, quern idem Procurator penes vos deposuit, in recessu Curie de Lugduno custodiretis, et ad Curiam portaretis, ac dicto Johanni aut magistro Bardo de Podio Bonisii vel alii Procuratori nostro legitimo in Curia traderetis sicut in quadam cedula, sacculo cuidam in quo est idem processus appensa, plenius continetur; quia tamem illain prebendam super qua dictus pro cessus fuit habitus in Curia domino Henrico de Wodestoke, illustris Regine Anglie Cancelario et clerico speciali contulimus, et idem dominus H[enricus], defensionem cause sive processus illius in se suscipiens, dictum magistrum Bardum in ipsa causa Procuratorem suum constituit, qui prius noster Procurator extitit in eadem; vos attente rogamus quatinus predicto Bardo, cum ex parte dicti domini H[enrici] ad vos pro ipso processu venerit, liberetis eundem. Credimus autem quod prefatus dominus H[enricus] et socii in Anglia vobis scribunt similiter super isto. Valeatis. Datum Londoniis, xij Kalendas Novembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto. Istud idem vobis scripsimus in quadam alia littera, per alios nuncios vobis rnissa; que si forte a casu vobis non venerit, tune si placet exequamini hie contenta.

Mandate to the bailiff of Charlecote to deliver to the Rector of Dodderhill the utensils and vessels due from the late Rector, and to act on instructions respecting rent and tithes.

DODERHULLE.- Thomas, etc., Nicholao de Hamptone, ballivo suo de Cherlecote, salutem, etc., Mandamus tibi quatinus apud Doderhulle eas personaliter, et utensilia ac vasa que, secundum consuetudinem Decanatus de Wychio, Rector [1] Rectori in tali ecclesia debet dimittere, Johanni vel Laurencio, latori presencium, ad opus dilecti amici nostri, domini Willelmi nunc Rectoris, eidern tradas, sive fuerint vendita sive non. Alia vero vasa et utensilia que sibi non debentur uni ex predictis precio justo vendas, de

[1] Dodderhill, by Droitwich, was one of the numerous benefices held by the Bishop before his Consecration.

20 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Oct. 26.- Letters dimissory granted to Gregory de Balingham for the Diaconate and Priesthood.

GREGORIUS DE BALINGHAM.- Thomas, etc., Gregorio de Balingham, nostre diocesis subdiacono, salutem, etc. Devocionis tue precibus inclinati, auctoritate presencium tibi concedimus ut a quocunque Episcopo Catholico et Apostolice Sedis graciam habente quern elegeris ordinem diaconatus et presbiteratus licite recipere valeas, non obstante quod de nostra diocesi oriundus existas. In cujus, etc. Datum Londoniis, vij Kalendas Novembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Nov. 3.- Memorandum that John of Barking, at the request of the Bishop of Bayeux, was appointed bailiff of the forest of Lydbury North, two sureties having been produced by him before John de Clare.

[Fol. 8b] NORTH LEDEBYRY DE FORESTARIO.- Memorandum quod die Dominica proxima post festum Omnium Sanctorum, anno Domini MCCLXXX quinto, Johannes de Berkynge, pro quo rogavit Dominus Episcopus Bajocensis, invenit duo fidejussores coram Johanne de Clare ad hoc specialiter deputato, videlicet Johannem Hardel et Rogerum de Garshirche, cives Londonienses, quod in ballivia [3] forestrie [3] de North Ledebury, et in omnibus dictam ballivam tangentibus, serviet Domino fideliter et devote; qua quidem fidejussione recepta, admisit Dominus dictum J[ohannem] de Berkynge ad dictam ballivam custodiendam, mittens ipsum Senescallo suo cum suis litteris quarum [4] tenor talis est, Thomas, etc., magistro J[ohanni] de Bradeham, Senescallo suo, salutem, etc. Gum Johannes de Berkynge, lator presencium, pro quo rogavit Dominus Episcopus Bajocensis, fidejussores invenerit cives

[1] Cantilupe, when Rector, had litigation with his parishioners for the tithe of salt there extracted.
[2] The Bishop, whose name is omitted, was Godfrey Giffard. [3] Words variously spelt in the MS. [4] In MS. cujus.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 21

Jan. 3.- A grant by Bishop John le Breton of a pension to Bodro, Canon of Valence, confirmed by the Dean and Chapter in 1272, as exhibited to the Bishop.

[Fol. 9] EXIBITA DOMINO IN CRASTINO ANIMARUM DE PENSIONE PRO BOSEBURY.- Omnibus presentes litteras inspecturis Decanus et Capitulum Herefordense salutem in Domino. Noveritis nos, anno Domini MCCLXX secundo, litteras Venerabilis Patris, Domini Johannis, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopi, vidisse et legisse in hec verba,- J[ohannes], Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopus, dilecto filio Bodroni de Scaccario Romano, Canonico Valentino, salutem, etc. Attendentes grata servicia que nobis et Ecclesie nostre Herefordensi hactenus impendisti, annuam pensionem xx marcarum de camera nostra [et] nostrorum successorum tibi, tuis meritis exigentibus, concedimus et donamus; promittentes bona fide pro nobis et successoribus nostris predictam pensionem annuam, quoad vixeris, tibi vel Procuratori tuo dare et solvere Londoniis, apud Novum Templum, in festo Omnium Sanctorum; nos et successores nostros, et bona nostra et nostram Herefordensem Ecclesiam obligantes ad hoc specialiter et expresse. Datum apud Bosebury, Kalendis Januarii, anno Domini MCCLXX secundo. Nos vero donacionem, concessioneri?, et permissionem predictas ratas et gratas habentes pariter et acceptas quod super hoc per ipsum Dominum Episcopum faetum est approbamus et eciam confirmamus. In cujus rei testimonium huic lettere sigillum commune Capituli nostri duximus apponendum. Datum Herefordie, iij Nonas Januarii, anno gracie supradicto.

22 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

DE NARRATORIBUS IN BANCO.- Omnibus Christi fidelibus presens scriptum visuris vel audituris Thomas, etc. Noveritis nos teneri Hamoni de la Barre, pro homagio et servicio suo, in viginti solidis annui redditus, recipiendis annuatim de Camera nostra ad festum Sancti Michaelis, apud Westmonasterium, ad totam vitam ipsius Hamonis. In cujus rei, etc. Datum Londoniis, die Lune proxima post festum Omnium Sanctorum, anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Henrici, tercio. Eodem modo tenetur Alano de Walkynham in quadraginta solidis; Willelmo de Stowa in viginti solidis; Ade de Arderne in viginti solidis; Johanni de Houhtone in viginti solidis, sub eadem data.

Copy of the Bishop's Charter granting the village of Shelwick to the tenants for the term of his life, with lands at Kingsley and Walney, for £30 1s. 4d. yearly, with the reservation of a mill, a meadow, and of all the fines and the heriots of freeholders, and of fees when the daughters of the tenants married outside the manor.

[Fol 9b] CARTA DE SELWIKE.- Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Thomas, etc. Noverit universitas vestra nos concessisse et tradidisse, omnibus diebus vite nostre, probis hominibus nostris de Selwyke totam villam nostram de Selwike, cum omnibus pertinenciis suis, salvo nobis molendino nostro de Luggebruge, et prato nostro quod pertinebat ad dictum maneriurn nostrum de Selwike, quod jacet inter La Pulle et Reshale, que retinemus ad opus nostrum; ita quod dicti homines nostri de Selwike debent levare [1] annuatim dictum pratum et non falcare; et nos inveniemus boves nostros ad trahendum dictum pratum cum fuerit adunatum. [2] Retinuimus eciam nobis omnes fines terre et omnia placita capitalia que pertinebant ad Vicecomitem antequam Ecclesia Herefordensis haberet libertatem. Concessimus eciam predictis hominibus nostris omnia herietta consuetudinariorum, retentis nobis heriettis liberorum hominum in eodem manerio. Preterea concessimus eisdem hominibus quod si aliquis voluerit maritare filiam suam super feodum nostrum, quod earn maritet sine dono aliquo, et si extra feodum nostrum earn maritare voluerit emat earn a nobis vel a ballivis nostris. Et si

[1] For arable land 'to plough', but to manure or do other work on a meadow before the hay was cut.
[2] The Lord would carry the crop when it was raked together.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 23

Oct. 25.- Royal writ to the Sheriff of the County of Hereford to summon Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, for trespass on the Bishop's Chase of Colwall and Eastnor.

BREVE REGALE CONTRA COMITEM GLOUCESTRIE.- Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, et Dux Aquitanie, Vicecomiti Herefordie salutem. Si Thomas, Episcopus Herefordensis, fecerit te securum de clameo suo prosequendo, tune summoneas per bouos summonitores Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, quod sit coram nobis a die Sancti Martini in quindecim dies, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia; ostensurus quare, cum predictus Episcopus habere debeat, et predecessores sui habere consueverint liberam Chaciam ad feras et alia que ad liberam Chaciam pertinent, in dominicis, terris, et boscis ipsius Episcopi et hominum suorum de Collewelle et Estnoure que de nobis tenet in capite in Comitatu Herefordie, tanquam pertinentem ad Ecclesiam suam predictam; predictus Comes predictum Episcopum in predictis terris et boscis hujusmodi Chaciam habere non permittit, set Chaciam illam sibi appropriavit et attraxit Foreste sue Malvernie, que est in Comitatu Wygornie; in nostri et dicti Episcopi et Ecclesie sue predicte prejudicium et non modicum gravamen. Et habeas ibi summonicionem et hoc breve. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, xxv die Octobris, anno regni nostri tercio.

[1] Suffer damage.
[2] Tax and toll, so an annual charge and dues pro rata as for the use of a mill.

24 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

[Fol 10] DE NEGOCIIS IN HIBERNIA.- Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie, et Dux Aquitanie, Justiciariis et Comitibus, Ballivis, et fidelibus suis Hibernie, ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, salutem. Sciatis quod Venerabilis Pater, Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, attornavit coram nobis loco suo Robertum Baggode ad lucrandum vel perdendum in omnibus placitis et querelis motis vel movendis pro ipso vel per ipsum in partibus Hibernie. Et ad instanciam ejusdem Episcopi concessimus quod dictus Kobertus, nomine ipsius Episcopi, facere possit attornatos vel attornatum, quos vel quern voluerit, in Curiis nostris, ubicunque in partibus predictis ad omnia placita et querelas prosequendas et defendendas, et ad lucrandum vel perdendum in eisdem, ut predictum est. In cujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes per unum annum duraturas. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, xxvj die Octobris, anno regni nostri tercio.

Nov. 12.- Mandate for the Bishop's Official to induct Michael de Kendal to the Church of Little Marcle.

PARVA MARCLEYE. ADMISSUS EST AD PRESENTACIONEM GRIMBALDI PANCEFOT ET ROGERI TYREL ILLA VICE.- Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc. Quia dilectum filium Michaelem de Kendale, clericum, ad ecclesiam de Parva Markele admisimus, vobis mandamus quatinus dictum Michaelem in corporalem possessionem ipsius ecclesie inducatis et defendatis inductum. Valeatis in Domino. Datum apud Kensintone, ij Idus Novembris, anno supradicto.

Nov. 16.- Mandate to induct John de Hodenet to the custody of the Church of Sutton, if the result of the usual inquiry be found satisfactory, reserving the institution for the Bishop.

SUTTONE.- Officiali Herefordensi salutem. Johannes de Hodenet, presbiter, nobis nuper ad ecclesiam de Suttone presentatus, litteras clausas sigillis magistri Ricardi, commissarii vestri, et Decani de Pontesbury sigillatas nobis exibuit, super inquisicione facta de per sona sua et ecclesia predicta, ut dicit. Quia vero dicta sigilla non novimus, volentes dicti Johannis parcere laboribus et expensis, vobis mandamus quatinus, receptis ab eo litteris supradictis et istis, si inquisicionem inveneritis rite factam et pro ipso presbitero facientem,

Episcopi Herefordensis. 25

Nov. 16.- Mandate to his Official to pay no regard to rank in citations for Holy Orders.

DE ORDINIBUS. In eisdem litteris mandatur Officiali sub hac forma. In citacione [1] ad Ordines facienda nulli parcatis, quantacunque prefulget dignitate.

Nov. 17.- Mandate to the bailiff of Prestbury to buy fur for his

PRESTEBURY.- Mandatum est Gerardo, ballivo de Prestebury, quod emat sibi foruram racionabilis precii ad robam suam, xv Kalendas Decembris.

Nov. 17.- Memorandum that Lucas of Lucca has received one hundred shillings from the Bishop's Proctor in Ireland.

Memorandum quod Lucasius [2] de Lucania habet de acquietancia centum solidos, quos recepit de magistro Thoma de Chaddeworthe, Procuratore nostro in Hibernia, xv Kalendas Decembris.

Nov. 17.- Memorandum that twenty pounds had been received from the Dean of St. Paul's as part payment of the sixty due for the Manor of Barling.

Memorandum quod dominus Herveus de Borham, Decanus Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, habet litteras de acquietancia viginti librarum in partem solucionis sexaginta librarum in quibus tenetur Domino pro manerio de Barlinge, xv Kalendas Decembris.

Nov. 5.- Mandate to his Seneschal to put off distraint on Robert le Breton for outrages at Prestbury, and default in Court, till the Bishop's arrival. Master Luke de Bree is surety for him.

PRO ROBERTO LE BRETONE.- Thomas, etc., magistro J[ohanni] de Bradeham, Senescallo suo, salutem, etc. Mandamus vobis

[1] Of incumbents in minor Orders canonically summoned to proceed to the Priesthood.
[2] A financier much employed by the highest personages in Church and State; see Introduction.

26 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Licence from the Archbishop of Canterbury for the Assize to be held during Advent respecting the Advowson of Coleby in the Diocese of Lincoln.

[Fol. 10b] ARCHIEPISCOPUS CANTUARIENSIS DE ASSISA CAPIENDA.- Magistro Rogero de Seytone, Domini Regis Justiciario, etc. Tenore presencium, quantum in nobis est, licenciam vobis damus [et] concedimus quod assisam que arrainata est coram vobis super advocacione ecclesie de Coleby, Lincolniensis diocesis, ne mora trahat periculum, capere possitis hac vice, Adventus instantis sacro tempore non obstante. In cujus, etc.

Dec. 1.- Mandate to the bailiff of Ledbury to act on the instructions of William de Nevyle and Adam Harpyn who are sent for a supply of game. Like directions to the bailiffs of Ross and Prestbury.

MANDATUM BALLIVO DE LEDBURY.- Thomas, etc., Waltero, ballivo suo de Ledebury, salutem, etc. Mittimus ad vos dilectum valletum, Willelmum de Nevyle, latorem presencium, ad capiendum venacionem que in balliva vestra est istis temporibus capienda; vobis mandantes quatinus eidem Willelmo, et hiis quos secum duxerit associandos, et canibus quos secum ducet, necessaria inveniatis, sicut dictus Willelmus vobis dicet, et de omnibus que circa predicta ad dictum suum impendetis faciatis talliam contra eum; super hiis autem habeatis istas litteras, et talliam quam contra eum facietis, et suam contratalliam sigillo suo signatam, super vestrum compotum pro waranto. Valeatis. Datum apud Shyreburne, Kalendis Decembris. Ad hec inveniatis Ade Harpyn quern ad vos mittimus pro perdicibus et aliis volatilibus capiendis sibi necessaria, sicut dictus Willelmus vobis dicet vel mandabit. Eodem modo mandatum est ballivo de Ros et ballivo de Prestebury.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 27

STRATTONE ET ASPERTONE.- Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc. Martinus de Cameriaco, presbiter, nobis nuper ad vicariam ecclesie [de] Strattone et capellariam de Aspertone ad eandem spectantem presentatus, litteras magistrorum W. et Ricardi de Heytone, commissariorum vestrorum, super inquisicione facta de dictis vicaria et capellaria ac persona sua, ut dicit, nobis exhibuit et cetera omnia, sicut continetur in littera inquisicionis que est inter alias. Licet autem sigilla dictis litteris appensa penitus sint nobis incognita, tamen vobis mandamus quatinus dictum presbiterum in corporalem possessionem dictarum vicarie et capelle inducatis. Valeatis. Datum Londoniis, xj Kalendas Decembris, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Nov. 25.- Mandate to induct to the custody of one portion of Llanwarne Hugh de Redcliff, presented by the Prior and Convent of Llantony Prima.

[Fol. 11] PRO WARDA PORCIONIS DE LANDWARAN.- Officiali. Quia dilecto filio magistro Hugoni de Redeclive, ad porcionem ecclesie de Landwaran et capellarum ad eandem spectancium ad presentacionem Prioris et Conventus Lantonie prime spectantem presentato per eos, custodiam commisimus porcionis ipsius usque ad Natale Domini proximo sequens; vobis mandamus quatinus ipsum Hugonem, vel Procuratorem ejus, in corporalem possessionem ipsius porcionis nomine custodie inducatis in forma predicta. Valeatis. Datum apud Schyreburne, vij Kalendas Decembris, anno supradicto.

Dec. 18. Institution to the Church of Welsh Bicknor of John de Ledbury, presented by the Prior and Convent of Monmouth.

INSTITUCIO DE BIKENOURE VALENSI.- Thomas, etc., Johanni de Ledebury, presbitero, salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Bykenore Walensem, vacantem, te ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum, Prioris et Conventus de Monemuthe, verorum patronorum ejusdem, admittimus et canonice instituirnus in eadem. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Prestebury, xv Kalendas Januarii, anno supradicto.

28 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

BROMPTONE BRIAN.- Thomas, etc. Roberto de Lacy, subdiacono, salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Bromptone Brian vacantem te, ad presentacionem religiosi viri fratris Josep de Cauncy, [1] Prioris Hospitalis Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia, veri patroni ejusdem, admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem. Datum apud Ledebury, xj Kalendas Januarii, anno predicto. Mandatum est Omciali quod mittat eum in corporalem possessionem.

Dec. 22.- Institution to the Chapel of Shipton of John de Ayno, subdeacon, presented by the Prior and Convent of Wenlock. Mandate for induction.

SCHYPTONE.- Thomas, etc., Johanni de Ayno, subdiacono. Ad capellam de Schiptone vacantem te, ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum, Prioris et Conventus de Wenlac, verorum patronorum ejusdem, admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem. Datum apud Ledebury, xj Kalendas Januarii, anno predicto. Mandatum est Omciali quod mittat eum in corporalem possessionem.

Dec. 22, 1275.- Institution to the Church of Hope Bowdler of Richard Paterake, subdeacon, presented by Sir Eudo la Zuche. Mandate for induction.

HOPE BOLERS.- Thomas, etc., Ricardo Paterake, subdiacono, salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Hope Bolers vacantem te, ad pre sentacionem nobilis viri, domini Eudonis la Zuche, veri patroni ejusdem, admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem. Datum apud Ledebury, anno predicto. Mandatum est Omciali quod mittat eum in corporalem possessionem.

[1] Formerly treasurer of the Hospitallers at Acre, for whom see Matth. Paris, v. 305. [2] The patron had married Milicent, the Bishop's niece. The inquiry ordered on page 16 seems to have been unfavourable to the earlier presentee.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 29

INSTITUCIO PORCIONIS ECCLESIE DE LANDWARAN.- Thomas, etc., magistro Hugoni de Redeclive, subdiacono, salutem, etc. Ad porcionem ecclesie de Landwaran et capellarum ad eandem spectancium, que fuit Gonteri de Beleford, nepotis domini Willelmi de Conflens, Archidiaconi Herefordensis, vacantem, te, ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum Prioris et Conventus Lantonie prime, veroram patronorum ejusdem, admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Ledebury, xj Kalendas Januarii, anno predicto. Mandatum est Officiali quod mittat in corporalem possessionem.

Dec. 27.- Licence of non-residence for study in Canon Law or Theology for one year to Robert de Lacy, Rector of Brampton Brian.

[Fol. 11b] BROMPTONE BRIAN.- Thomas, etc., Roberto de Lacy, Rectori de Bromptone Brian, salutem, etc. Tuis supplicacionibus inclinati ut per annum integrum in Jure Canonico vel Theologia studere, et fructus ecclesie tue predicte cum integritate percipere valeas, tibi tenore presencium indulgernus. In cujus, etc. Datum Herefordie, vj Kalendas Januarii, anno predicto.

Jan. 1, 1276.- Renewed appeal to Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, to restore the three villages.

PRINCIPI WALLTE.- Illustri viro, amico in Christo, Domino L[eulino], Principi Wallie et Domino Snaudonie, Thomas, etc. Serenitatem vestram dudum nostris litteris affectuose duximus requirendam ut Chastroke, Astone, et Muletone, villas ad manerium nostrum et ecclesie nostre de Northeledebyry pertinentes, quas diu, non sine anime periculo, tenuistis contra justiciam occupatas, nobis et ecclesie nostre dignaremini reddere sine lite. Vos autem nobis per vestras litteras respondistis quod de dictis villis inquireretis, et nobis inde libenter justiciam faceretis. Cum autem vos super predictarum villarum restitucione nobis facienda iterate nostris litteris rogaremus, ad eas non curastis hactenus respondere. Eapropter, cupientes jura nostre ecclesie, cui juramento astringimur, prosequi

30 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Jan. 4.- Mandate to his Official to hold an inquisition and take due action with regard to John de Ledbury, wrongfully ejected, as he alleges, from the Vicarage of All Saints, Hereford, with the Chapels of St. Martin and Bullinghope, by Emeric, the Chancellor, in the name of John de Aquablanca, self-styled dean, who has conferred them on John de Marcle.

[Fol. 12] DE VICARIA OMNIUM SANCTORUM HEREFORDIE.- Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc. Querelam Johannis de Ledebyry, presbiteri, et vicarii ecclesie Omnium Sanctorum Herefordie, recepimus, continentem quod, cum ipse vicariam eandem simul cum capellis Sancti Martini ultra Wayam et Sancti Petri de Bulengehope eidem vicarie annexis, fuisset canonice assequtus, et ipsam vicariam cum capellis predictis aliquamdiu pacifice possedisset et quiete, Emericus, Cancellarius Herefordie, gerens vices Johannis de Aquablanka, qui se dicit Decanum Herefordie, ipsum vicarium predictis capellis ac fructibus et obvencionibus earundem, de facto cum de jure non posset, contra justiciam spoliavit, [1] easdem capellas Johanni de Markeleye, presbitero, de facto cum de jure non posset, perperam conferendo, in ipsius vicarii et ecclesie sue prejudicium et gravamen non modicum. Quocirca vobis mandamus quatinus vocatis qui fuerint evocandi, quod justum fuerit statuatis in premissis facientes quod decreveritis per consuram ecclesiasticam firmiter observari. Datum apud Prestbyry, ij nonas Januarii, anno predicto.

Jan. 15. Sequestration of Thornbury removed. The Bishop will decide later as to the penalty due for the non-appearance of the Rector, John de Pembroke, at the ordination to which he was cited.

THORNBYRY.- xviij Kalendas Februarii. Dominus relaxaxit Wyntonie sequestrum interpositum in fructibus ecclesie de Thornbyry,

[1] Bishop Peter had also usurped and then restored to the Abbey of Gloucester the patronage of St. Peter's in Hereford; his nephew John had now claimed to present to All Saints and St. Martin's, the advowson of which belonged to the Hospital of St. Anthony of Vienne.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 31

Jan. 9.- The Bishop of Norwich is informed that in compliance with his letters dimissory Richard de Kimberley was ordained subdeacon on Ember Saturday before Christmas last past.

R. DE KYNEBURLE.- Venerabili patri in Christo, Domino Dei gracia Episcopo Norwicensi, vel ejus Officiali, Thomas, etc. Noveritis nos, inspectis litteris vestris dimissoriis dilecto nobis Ricardo de Kyneburle, clerico, diocesis vestre, concessis, ipsum Ricardum, die Sabbati proxima quatuor temporum ante Natale Domini preteritum, subdiaconum ordinasse. Et ideo paternitatem vestram devote rogamus quatinus dictum Ricardum permittatis in vestra diocesi in subdiaconatus ordine ministrare. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Lamburne, v Idus Januarii, anno supradicto.

Jan. 20.- Fourth letter to Llewelyn urging restitution of the three villages, no answer having been given to his appeals, notwith standing the spiritual risks incurred.

[Fol 12b] PRINCIPI WALLIE.- Illustri viro, amico in Christo, Domino L[eulino], Principi Wallie et Domino Snaudonie, salutem, etc. Reges, regna, principatusque distinctos in terra Princeps omnium esse voluit et permisit, ut jus suum cuique tribuentes Summum Principem inferiores summopere honorarent. Hinc est quod, cum Serenitatem vestram dudum nostris litteris affectuose duximus requirendam ut Chastroke, Astone, et Moletone, villas ad castrum nostrum et ecclesie nostre de Nortledebyry pertinentes, quas diu, non sine anime vestre periculo, tenuistis contra justiciam occupatas, nobis et ecclesie nostre dignaremini reddere sine lite; vos nobis per vestras litteras respondistis quod, cum de dictis villis inquireretis sollicite veritatem et nobis inde libenter justiciam faceretis. Cum autem nos, post aliquanti temporis intervallum, super dictarum villarum restitucione nobis facienda iterate nostris litteris rogaremus, ad eas hactenus non curastis respondere, eapropter cupientes jura Ecclesie nostre, cui juramento astringimur, prosequi toto posse, quia an nostre littere tercio vobis super negocio isto directe, propter varia impedimenta que in itinere ad partes vestras, ut dicitur, accidunt, ad vos pervenerint ignoramus, Nobilitati vestre nunc quarto, cum devocione qua possumus sup

32 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Jan. 16.- Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire directing him to allow the Bishop, like his predecessor, to appoint a bailiff to act as before till the next Parliament, when the question of right should be settled.

PRO BALLIVO HABENDO IN COMITATU HEREFORDIE.- Rex comiti Herefordie salutem. Monstravit nobis Venerabilis Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, quod, cum omnes predecessores sui, Herefordenses Episcopi, usque ad tempus bone memorie Johannis ejusdem loci Episcopi, nuper defuncti, ac eciam idem Johannes aliquamdiu, habuerint et habere consueverint ballivum suum sibi juratum in Comitatu predicto; qui Vicecomitibus qui pro tempore fuerint presentari et per ipsos admitti, ac Domino Regi postmodum juramentum prestare consueverit, ad debita regia infra libertates episcopatus predicti levanda, et alia mandata regia, que dicti Vicecomites eidem ballivo sub sigillis suis retornare solebant, fideliter exequenda ibidem; tibi precipimus quod predictum Episcopum statum predecessorum suorum quo ad hujusmodi ballivum suum habendum in forma predicta de gracia nostra speciali habere permittas usque ad parliamentum nostrum quod erit in quindena Pasche proximo futura, ut et inde, et de consimilibus, de consilio nostro fieri faciamus quod de jure fuerit faciendum. Teste Rege apud Wyntoniam, xv die Januarii, anno regni sui quarto.

Jan. 20.- Giles de Avenbury has retained the Treasurership to which William le Rons was collated by Bishop John when Giles was declared in the Court of the Archbishop to be the rightful Dean. The Bishop requires them both to state their claims and intentions in the matter.

DE MAGISTRO DE AVENEBYRY ET WILLELMO RUSSO.- Thomas, etc., magistro Egidio de Avenebury, et domino Willelmo le Rous,

Episcopi Herefordensis. 33

Nov. 16, 1275.- Royal mandate to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer of Dublin to inquire and take action as regards moneys due to the Bishop in Ireland.

[Fol. 13] HYBERNIA.- E[dwardus], Dei gracia, etc., Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario Dublinie salutem. Cum quidam de partibus Hibernie teneantur Venerabili Patri Thome, Herefordensi Episcopo, in diversis debitis, que idem debitores sibi solvere contradicunt, ut accepimus, vobis mandamus quod debitores illos coram vobis venire, et si vobis constare possit per prefatum Episcopum, vel attornatos suos in partibus illis, ipsos debita ilia debere, eos ad solucionem eorundem distringi faciatis prout de jure fuerit faciendum. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, xvj die Novembris, anno regni nostri tercio.

34 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

CONTRA COMITEM GLOUCESTRIE.- E[dwardus], Dei gracia, etc., Vicecomiti Gloucestrie salutern. Precipimus tibi quatinus non omittas, propter libertatem de Thekesbyry, quin summoneas per bonos summonitores Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfortdie, quod sit corarn nobis in Octabis Purificacionis Beate Marie, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia, ad respondendum Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, de placito quare, etc . . . . gravamen (v. p. 23), et unde tu ipse nobis mandasti in Octabis Sancti Hillarii quod preceperas ballivis predicte libertatis quod summonerent per bonos summonitores predictum Comitem, quod esset coram nobis ad eundum terminum, ad respondendum predicto Episcopo de predicto placito, qui nichil inde fecerunt. Et habeas ibi nomina summonitorum et hoc breve. Teste R[adulfo] de Hengham, [1] xxij die Januarii, anno regni nostri quarto.

Jan. 27.- Nicholas de Hereford is collated to the office of Penitentiary on the condition of continuous residence and personal discharge of the duties.

INSTITUCIO PENITENCIARIE HEREFORDENSIS.- Thomas, etc., Nicholao de Herefordia, presbitero, salutem, etc. Penitenciariam Ecclesie nostre Herefordensis tibi contulimus intuitu caritatis, tenendam et habendarn secundum consuetudinem Ecclesie supradicte, ita quod continue in Ecclesia ipsa resideas, et per te ipsum exerceas officium supradictum. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Shyreburne, vj Kalendas Februarii, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Jan. 27.- Mandate to the Hebdomadary to induct Nicholas de Hereford to his stall.

LITTERE EXECUCIONIS.- Thomas, etc., Ebdomadario Ecclesie Herefordensis salutem, etc. Quia penitenciariam Ecclesie Here fordensis dilecto filio, Nicholao de Herefordia, presbitero, latori presencium, contulimus intuitu caritatis, vobis mandamus quod ipsum Nicholaum in corporalem possessionem dicte penitenciarie

[1] Hengham was made Chief Justice at the age of thirty for his great legal knowledge, He was removed with other judges in 1298, but it was said he only altered in the record one mark to a half for a poor defendant. He was afterwards Chief Justice of Common Pleas.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 35

Feb. 4.- Formal notice taken at Westminster before the Treasurer and others of the following accounts:

[Fol. 13b] Anno Domini MCCLXX quinto et regni Regis Edwardi quarto, presentibus fratre Josep, Thesaurario Domini Regis, domino Rogero de Northwode. Barone Scaccarii, dominis Ricardo de Herefordia et Ada de Strattone, [1] acta sunt infra scripta apud Westmonasterium, die Martis proximo post festum Purificacionis Beate Marie.

Memorandum of the debts of Bishop John le Breton as Sheriff of Hereford and Keeper of the manor of Abergavenny, and of the surplus of his accounts when he was Keeper of the Wardrobe of Prince Edward.

DE DEBITIS J[OHANNIS] EPISCOPI HEREFORDENSIS.- Memo randum quod, facto visu debitorum Johannis le Bretone, invenitur quod idem J[ohannes] debet Clxvijli. xjs. jd. ob. de tribus debitis de tempore quo fuit Vicecomes Herefordie; et per quemdam rotulum quern Adam de Wyntonia, clericus Regis, misit Thesaurario et Baronibus, per preceptum Regis ei directum, compertum est quod idem J[ohannes] debet lx. li. vs. vd. ob. de arreragio ultimi compoti sui de tempore quo fuit Gustos manerii de Bergeveny et trium castrorum. Summa utriusque debiti CCxxviili. xvis. viid. Item, invenitur in quodam rotulo quern idem J[ohannes] misit eisdem Thesaurario et Baronibus quod, audito compoto ejusdem Johannis de garderoba Regis antequam Rex fuit, oneratus est de MDCmjli. xiid.; et est summa misarum [2] ejusdem compoti MDCCCClxxiili. xixs. jd. [3] et sic habet de superplusagiis CCmjxiili. xviiis. ob. De quo superplusagio; si substrahatur predictum debitum, restant Ixvli. xviid. ob., nee potest illud superplusagium allocari sine brevi Domini Regis.

[1] Stratton as clerk of the Exchequer shared the disgrace of Judge Hengham and others.
[2] Misarum, entries to his credit.
[3] If for denarius we read obolus the sum will be right.

36 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

GLOUCESTRIE.- Gilbertus de Clare, Comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, versus Thomam, Episcopum Herefordensem, de placito transgressionis per Johannem, clericum, a die Pasche in unum mensem, ubicunque, etc., per plegium Roberti de Beytone, essoniatoris, [1] captum apud Feyreford in Octabis Purificacionis Beate Marie, anno regni Regis Edwardi, filii Regis Henrici, quarto.

Feb. 19.- Institution to Sutton of John de Hodenet, presented by the Prior and Convent of Wenlock, in accordance with the Constitution of the Second Council of Lyons. Mandate for induction.

SUTTONE.- Thomas, etc., Johanni de Hodenet salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Suttone vacantem te, ad presentacionem fratrum Johannis, Supprioris de Wenlake, et Rogeri de Parva Herefordia, Procuratorum fratris Johannis, Prioris de Wenlake, et ejusdem loci conventus, verorum patronorum ejusdem, adrnittimus in forma Constitucionis in Concilio Lugdunensi per Dominum Gregorium Papam Decimum promulgate; et Rectorem instituimus in eadem. In cujus, etc. Datum Herefordie, xj Kalendas Marcii, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

Mandatum est Officiali quod mittat eum in corporalem possessionem.

Feb. 20.- Institution to the Chapel of Cardiston of William de Cardiston, subdeacon, presented by the Abbot and Convent of Wigmore and Robert Corbet.

[Fol 14] CARDESTONE.- Thomas, etc. Willehno de Cardistone, subdiacono, salutem, etc. Ad capellam de Cardistone vacantem te, dilectis filiis Abbati et Conventui de Wygemor [2] per Robertum Corbet, verum patronum ipsius, presentatum, sicut de predicta capella consuevit fieri ab antique, secundum formarn Constitu cionis in Lugdunensi Concilio per Dominum Gregorium Paparn Decimum celebrato promulgate, admittimus, et Rectorem instituimus

[1] Essonium, the excuse formally tendered for non-appearance in Court after summons, has been fancifully connected with exonerare.
[2] The presentation by the patron to the Convent is probably connected with some pension claimed by it from the Rector, as in other cases.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 37

Mandatum esfc Officiali quod mittat eum in corporalem possessionem.

Dec. 26, 1275.- The King takes under his protection the Priory of Leominster, a cell of Reading Abbey, founded by his ancestors, which is greatly in debt, and gives the custody of its estates to Sir Roland de Harley to provide, for necessary servants and the poor.

[Fol. 14b] LITTERA REGIS DE RADINGE.- Edwardus, Dei gracia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, et Dux Aquitannie, omnibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint salutem. Si piam intencionem quam progenitores nostri, Reges Anglie, in fundacione domus et Monasterii de Radinge que ab eisdem Regibus immediate noscuntur esse fundata, diligenter in animo revolvamus, ejusdem domus iminentis destruccionis periculo tenemur celeri remedio subvenire, ne dictorum progenitorum in hac parte fraudetur intencio, et ut ipsorum, non solum pro eo quod ipsa domus pro ipsis et nobis nostrisque successoribus fundata extitit, verum eciam tanquam nove fundacionis seu relevacionis domus ipsius auctores atque participes fieri debeamus. Cum itaque domus ipsa sit in multis summis pecunie nonnullis creditoribus obligata, ad quas solvendas absque distraccione rerum et bonorum suorum non sumcit, nisi ipsius et membrorum suorum ad tempus expense superflue resecentur; nos ejusdem domus conpacientes statui, et in eadem et membris Deo serviencium exhoneracioni providere volentes domum seu cellam de Leoministre, Herefordensis diocesis, ad Monasterium predictum de Radinge pleno jure spectantem, cepimus in manum nostram, et in defensionem nostram, veluti ad patronum pertinet ejusdem; ac omnium rerum et pertinenciarum suarum custodiam in temporalibus dilecto nobis Roulando de Herleye, militi, committentes, ac injungentes eidem quod, fructus, redditus, et proventus domus predicte fideliter colligens et conservans, decano et capellanis in eadem Deo famulantibus necessaria in victu et vestitu competenter inveniet, ac pauperibus mendicantibus, secundum quod carte predictorum fundatorum requirunt, ibidem elemosinas eroget intuitu caritatis. Volumus autem quod, resecatis superfluis tarn in familia quam expensis aliis, et potissime in supervenientibus juxta Statuti nostri tenorem, residuum reddituum et proventuurn prefate domus per ipsum, per visum Abbatis et Prioris de Radinge et aliorum quos ad

38 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Feb. 22, 1276.- Certificate for writ de excommunicate capiendo for the contumacy during more than forty days of Thomas, son of Odo of Weston.

DE EXCOMMUNICATO CAPIENDO.- Reverentissimo Domino suo, Principi magnifico, Domino E[dwardo], Dei gracia Regi Anglie, Domino Hybernie, et Duci Aquitannie, Thomas, eadem gracia Herefordensis Episcopus, se totum, cum omni obsequio, reverencia, et honore. Vestra noverit Celsitudo quod Thomas, filius Odonis de Westone, de Comitatu Herefordie, juris ordine observato, propter suam manifestam offensam excommunicacionis est vinculo innodatus, et in eadem per quadraginta dies et amplius animo perstitit indurato, claves Ecclesie nequiter contempnendo. Cum itaque contra tales eo quod Ecclesia non habet ultra quod faciat, brachium seculare soleat invocari, Celsitudini vestre humiliter supplicamus quatinus dictum Thomam filium Odonis precipiatis secundum regni vestri consuetudinem castigari, donee Deo et Sancte Ecclesie de illatis sibi per eum injuriis satisfecerit competenter. Conservet vos Deus omnipotens per tempora diuturna. Datum apud Sugwas, viij Kalendas Marcii, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto.

June, 1237.- Arrangements defined by Bishop Ralph and confirmed by the Chapter as to the emblements and stock to be left by him and later Bishops to their successors.

[Fol. 15] LITTERA DE BONIS QUE POST EPISCOPOS HEREFORDENSES DEBENT RELINQUI.- Omnibus Christi fidelibus, etc., Stephanus, Decanus Herefordie, et ejusdem loci Capitulum, salutem in Domino. Ad vestram volumus pervenire noticiam nos inspexisse cartam Venerabilis Patris in Christo R[adulfi], Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopi, in hec verba Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, Radulfus, Dei gracia Episcopus Herefordensis, eternam in Domino salutem. Noverit universitas vestra nos recepisse a magistro Thoma Foliot, Thesaurario Herefordie, executore bone memorie Domini H[ugonis], predecessoris nostri, quondam Herefordensis Episcopi, sex [et] viginti libras sterlingorum ad terras Episcopatus seminandas

Episcopi Herefordensis. 39

Dec. 1, 1279.- Request to the King to give orders for the release of Robert le Wyne, who was excommunicated and imprisoned by writ of arrest after continued contumacy, but is now absolved.

PRO DELIBERACIONE INCARCERATI ABSOLUTI.- Excellentissimo Principi Domino suo in Christo karissimo, Domino Edwardo, Dei gracia Regi Anglie Illustri, Domino Hybernie, et Duci Aquitannie, Thomas, etc., paratam ad obsequia voluntatem. Curn Robertus dictus le Wyne, de comitatu Herefordie, ultra xl dies in excommunicionis sentencia perseverans, ad rogatum Ecclesie per vestram litteram capcionis in Castro Herefordie carceri mancipatus fuerit, ac in carcere hucusque detentus, licet existens in carcere in forma juris canonice extiterit absolutus; vestram Excellenciam in Domino requirimus et rogamus quatinus Vicecomiti Herefordie per breve liberacionis velitis precipere quod eundem Robertum le Wyne, ab hujusmodi sentencia absolutum et communioni Ecclesie restitutum, liberet a carcere et

[1] A similar benefaction was made by Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, about the same time; v. Register of John de Sandale, p. 631. (Hants Record Society).

40 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Feb. 23, 1276.- Titles of sundry Charters, letters of attorney, and documents of a lawsuit of Bishop John, all relating to lands at Cloppele and Asshe, and now deposited in a chest in the Chapter House under the Bishop's seal.

ISTE CARTE HEREFORDIE.- Carta J[ohannis], Herefordensis Episcopi, de terra et redditu datis domino Petro de Bromptone et Rogero de Hyntlesham cum mesuagio.

Carta Walteri de la Dene de una forera [1] in campo de Suyndone cum pertinenciis data Ecclesie Herefordensi.

Carta Ivonis de Chikewalle et Lucie uxoris sue de fructibus et exitibus in terra Henrici de Bokynbam et Walteri de Haverberge apud Sevenhamptone; finis levatus in Curia Domini Regis super eo, cum quibusdam aliis.

Carta Ade de Moubray de xij denariis annui redditus in villa de Prestebury predicto J[ohanni] Episcopo concessis.

Carta Henrici, filii Roberti de Sbipstone, de terra concessa in Cloppeleye [2] Johanni, filio Johannis de Notteclive.

Carta Ivonis de Chykewalle et uxoris sue de terra concessa predicto Episcopo J[ohanni], quam Henricus, filius Roberti de Shyptone, dedit Jobanni, filio Jobannis de Notteclive.

Carta Willelmi de Cloppele de terra in eadem concessa pre dicto Episcopo J[ohanni].

Carta Willelmi, filii Jobannis de Notteclive, de tenemento, quod pater ejus emerat de Henrico de Bokyngham in parochia de Sevenhamptone, concesso predicto Episcopo J[ohanni].

Cyrografum inter Willelmum de Notteclive et Johannem de Wynchecombe de terra in campis de Cloppeleye.

Carta Roberti, filii Andree de Dychesdone, de terra concessa Willelmo de Notteclive in villa de Cloppeleye.

Carta Ivonis de Cloppele et uxoris sue de terra concessa pre dicto Episcopo J[ohanni], quam Henricus, filius Roberti de Shyptone, dedit Johanni, filio Johannis de Notteclive.

[1] Forera, headland stretching transversely to the furrows. [2] This is entered in the list of the episcopal manors in the Taxatio Nic., but after wards Coddington is named in its place.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 41

[Fol. 15b] Carta Willelmi Symonis de Prestebury, de quieta clamatione dimidie virgate terre cum pertinenciis concessis Ade de Moubray in Prestebury.

Carta Walteri de Haverberge de terra et tenernentis concessis Johanni de Notteclive in Sevenhamptone.

Carta Willelmi de Notteclive, de j virgata terre in Cloppele concessa Roberto Andrew.

Carta Roberti filii Walteri Cherlot, de j dimidia virgata terre cum mesuagio in Cloppelle.

Carta Henrici, filii Roberti, de terra in villa de Brokhamptone, de Cloppelle, de Wyntewelle, concessa cum mesuagio Johanni de Notteclive.

In alia pixide carta J[ohannis] Episcopi, [et] confirmacio Capituli. Item quieta clamacio Rogeri de Hyntlesham.

Item carta domini Petri de Bromptone, et quieta clamacio ejusdem.

Item quedam littere de attornato. Et omnia predicta sunt de terra de Cloppele et Asshe.

Item cedula continens processum inter Episcopum Thomam et dominum P [etrum] de Bromptone de dictis terris.

Hec reposita fuerunt in ij pixidibus, in area in capitulo Ecclesie Herefordensis, die Sancte Milburge per Ricardum de Cleyhangre, anno Domini MCCLXX quinto sub signo Episcopi Thome.

Feb. 22.- Mandate of induction to the custody of Humber Church of John de Cava, presented by Thomas Costentyn and his wife Joanna.

HUMBRE.- X Kalendas Marcii mandatum est Omciali quod inducat Johannem de Cava, presentatum per Thomam Costentyn et Johannam uxorem ejus ad capellam de Humbre, in possessionem ejusdem capelle nomine custodie.

March 8.- Memorandum of licence of non-residence for study in Theology or Canon Law for one year in England, or two years in France, to Robert de Shepe, rector of Munslow.

Memorandum quod data est licencia Roberto de Shepe, Rectori ecclesie de Munselowe studendi in theologia vel decretis in loco

42 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Fifth letter to Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, urging restitution of the three villages, and refusing to assent to the proposed inquiry by servants of the Prince.

[Fol. 16] PRINCIPI WALLIE.- Illustri viro, Domino L[eulino], Principi Wallie et Domino Snaudonie, Thomas, etc., salutem, etc. Meminimus nos prudencie vestre super restitucione Chestroc, Astone, et Moletone, villarum ad Castrum nostrum de Nortledebury pertinencium, nobis et Herefordensi Ecclesie facienda, nostras litteras pluries direxisse. Vos autem nuper vestras litteras destinastis inter cetera continentes quod Ecclesiam nostram, seu aliam, terris aut bonis aliis liquido pertinentibus ad easdem non proponitis spoliare nee injuste occupata detinere; quod quidem responsum gratum haberemus admodum et acceptum, si scriptis facta vestra vellet nobilitas compensare, restituendo nobis et nostre Ecclesie dictas villas, sicut nuper domino Episcopo Assavensi bona et jura que abstuleratis ab eo liberaliter sicut decuit reddidistis, excommunicacionis laqueum formidantes. Quia vero in vestris litteris adjecistis quod per vestros, aliquibus de nostris presentibus, inquireretis super dictis villis plenarie veritatem, et postea faceretis quod esset secundum Deum et justiciam faciendum; nee volumus nee jure prohibente possumus inquisicioni hujusmodi supponere jura nostra, set habentes pro certo sicut novo homini scire fas est, et sicut vos tanquam notorium scire debetis, dictas villas pertinere ad nostram Ecclesiam pleno jure, ac per vos esse illicite occupatas; vobis ut prius omni humilitate qua possumus supplicamus quatinus dictas villas nobis et Ecclesie nostre velitis restituere cum effectu, ne sentencia excommunicacionis, in eos qui Ecclesiam spoliant jure suo provide promulgata, et a Sede Apostolica confirmata vos teneat dampnabiliter alligatos, et ne ad denunciacionem ipsius in vestram personam faciendam compellamur inviti. Et quia in partibus istis per quindecim dies proponimus demorari, velitis super dictis villis vestris litteris aliter letificare cor nostrum quam illud hactenus factum sit per vestra mandata jocundum. Valeatis in Domino. Datum apud Leministre.

Memorandum of the goats in the wood of Brinkestye by Roger de Evesham.

CARTA R. DE EVESHAM.- Memorandum de capris de bosco de Brinkestye de ballivia de Bromyard per R[ogerum] de Evesham.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 43

Item hie est feoffamentum suum. Hugo Foliot, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopus, etc. Noverit universitas vestra quod nos dedimus et concessimus, et hac presenti carta nostra confirrnavimus, Waltero Clement, pro hornagio et servicio suo, totam terram cum pertinenciis suis in manerio nostro de Wyteburne quam Willelmus de Hudyntone aliquando tenuit, que nostra escaeta fuit, per latrocinium quod idem fecit pro quo suspensus fuit; tenendum et habendum de nobis et successoribus nostris sibi et heredibus suis, et assignatis suis, in feodo et hereditate, libere et quiete, integre et pacifice, ab omnibus serviciis regalibus et omnibus aliis demandis, sectis, auxiliis et consuetudinibus, que de terra exeunt vel exire poterunt; et in bosco nostro de Brinkestye fuayle sine vasto et husbote et heybote, [1] per visum ballivi nostri, et liberam pasturam omnimodis averiis suis imperpetuum, et in omnibus libertatibus et in locis et rebus; reddendo inde annuatim iij solidos iiij denariis pro omni servicio, consuetudine et demanda et exaccione seculari.

Verdict of a jury of the hundred of Radlowe that John le Blont killed a doe in the park of Ledbury.

Item de parco de Ledebury et transgressoribus ejusdem.

Jurati Hundredi de Badelowe de Ledebyry dicunt quod Johannes le Blont, tune temporis parcarius, scilicet tempore vacacionis, occidit unam damam in parco de Ledebyry, unde Johannes Legat, Willelmus Faber, Henricus Potel, Johannes Beaulu habuerunt partem de dicta dama cum dicto J[ohanne] parcario.

Also that Henry Baret and seven others took five bucks and does in the park of Colwall.

Item dicunt dicti jurati de parco de Colewelle quod Henricus Baret, David de Treye, Philippus Jurbain, Willelmus films Johannis de Messyntone, Philippus de Messintone, Willelmus filius Willelmi Camerarii, Walterus filius Roberti de la Putte, et Ricardus de la Hulle, de Colewelle, ceperunt quinque damos et damas in parco de Colewelle.

[1] W. Clemant is allowed wood for firing (fuayle) and timber for repairs of house (husbote) and fences (heybote), without detriment (vastum) to the copse, subject to the inspection of the bailiff.

44 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

[Fol. 16b] Thomas, etc. Ecclesiam de Aylmondestria, nostre Herefordensis diocesis, religiosis viris Abbati et Conventui de Wigmore, dicte diocesis, et suis successoribus, ex certis et legitimis causis canonice appropriavimus in usus proprios futuris temporibus possidendam; et taxacionem vicarie ejusdem ecclesie de Aylmondestria reservavimus, prout in litteris hiis evidenter apparet; nos pensatis et consideratis ecclesie fructibus et obvencionibus necnon oneribus ad eandem spectantibus vicariam eandem modo subscripts duximus ordinandam. In primis ordinamus quod vicarius qui pro tempore fuerit in eadem ecclesia de Aylmondestria institutus per nos et successores nostros ad presentacionem Abbatis et Conventus de Wigmore et successorum suorum, in ecclesia predicta personaliter faciat continuam residenciam, et quod idem vicarius et successores sui habeant domos ecclesie quas solebant babere rectores ibidem pro manso suo. Item ordinamus quod vicarius et successores sui habeant pratum, cum quadam particula gardini, dictis domibus annexum; et pratum diaconi sive campanarii suo prato annexum cum certis terris arabilibus nuper in manibus diaconi sive campanarii, quod pratum et terre fuerunt pratum et terre diaconi sive campanarii. Item octo modulos tritici puri et octodecim modulos avenarum recipiendos singulis annis de decimis majoribus bladi de Leintall Comites [1] dummodo vicarius dictus et successores sui invenerint campanarium in dicta ecclesia; item decimas majores omnes bladi sive frumenti, cujuscunque generis sint, in Shorley et Woodarton: item decimas de majoribus garbis cujuscunque generis bladi in clausuris pasturis separalibus ac veteribus pratis crescentis, et burgagiis aratro cultis tocius parochie de Aylmondestria: item linum, fabam, lanam, agnos, vitulos, lac, mel, ceram, columbas, porcillos, aucas, pullos, oblaciones, mortuaria, denarios missales, et alias minores decimas, que ad alteragium dinoscuntur spectare: item decimam feni et pomorum et aliorum fructuum tocius parochie: item ovorum proveniencium in Pasca decimam: item decimam silvarum ceduarum tocius parochie: item decimam molendinorum omnium, cujuscunque generis sunt, in dicta parochia: item oblaciones in purificacione feminarum agentum et oblaciones in sponsalibus, cum

[1] Leinthall Earles, which belonged to the Mortimers, is said to have taken its name from the Earls of March. But the entry in the Register is earlier than the title. The name was given probably in Saxon times. The Comites of the text seems the Latinizing of a familiar name, in which the possessive case was mistaken for a plural.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 45

April 6, 1276.- Licence of non-residence for study in Canon Law or Theology at Paris granted for two years to Edmund de Ba, Rector of Westbury.

WESTBURY.- Data est licencia Edmundo de Ba, Rectori ecclesie de Westbury, studendi Parisius in Decretis vel Theologia per biennium. Datum apud Marchulle viij Idus Aprilis. Efc debet dari elemosnia in dicta parochia ad arbitrium Episcopi.

Licence of non-residence for study at Oxford for one year granted to the Rector of Chin.

CLONE.- Data licencia Rectori ecclesie de Clone studendi per annum Oxonie. Datum apud Markhulle.

April 8.- Licence of non-residence for study for two years granted to Gonter de Naves, rector of Byford.

BUFORD.- Thomas, etc. Gontero de Naves, Rectori ecclesie de Buford salutem, etc. Ut per biennium scolasticis insistere disciplinis, ac medio tempore fructus, redditus, et proventus dicte ecclesie tue de Buyford cum integritate percipere valeas, tenore presencium liberam tibi concedimus facultatem; proviso quod interim dicte ecclesie facias per ydoneum vicarium deserviri, et animarum cura in ea nullatenus negligatur. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Bosebury die Mercurii proximo post Pascha anno Domini MCCLXX sexto Pontificatus nostri anno primo.

46 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

[Fol. 17] PONTESBURY.- Thomas, etc., Decano de Pontesbury salutem, etc. Intelleximus quod quidarn iniquitatis filii sue salutis irnrnemores, nuper in quosdam homines nostros familiares de castro nostro de Ledebury North, in pastura nostra et bosco nostro de Asfcwode ad idem castrum pertinentibus, nostrum commodum procurantes et jure nostro utentes, insultum fecerunt, et quendam equum nostrum graviter vulnerarunt, bovesque et oves que iidem homines nostri in dampno nostro tarn pasture quam bosci invenerunt, et que voluerunt propter hoc legitime imparcasse, armata manu abstulerunt ab eis, in nostrum et Ecclesie nostre contemptum, dampnum, prejudicium, et gravamen et suarum periculum animarum. Quocirca vobis mandamus, in virtute obediencie firmiter injungentes quatinus ad vicinas ecclesias, assumptis vobiscum vicariis aut capellanis quot et quos duxeritis eligendos, personaliter accedatis, et omnes predictos transgressores ac complices eorumdem, competenti monicione premissa, excommunicatos denuncietis in genere, et in omnibus ecclesiis Decanatus vestri denunciari faciatis pubiice sic ligatos, donee de predicta injuria nobis et Ecclesie nostre satisfecerint competenter. De nominibus etiam malefactorum diligenter et sollicite inquiratis, et eorum nomina quos per inquisicionem culpabiles inveneritis in premissis nobis, aut Officiali nostro, infra mensem in scriptis sub sigillo vestro faciatis habere. Qualiter autem mandatum nostrum in hac parte fueritis executi nobis, vel Officiali, infra mensem fideliter per vestras litteras intimetis. Datum apud Prestebury xviij Kalendas Maii.

Like Mandate to the Rural Dean of Clun.

CLONE.- In eadem forma mandatum fuit Decano de Clone.

March 27.- Letter to the Priory of Leominster, following a formal visitation, forbidding it to lock the Church doors and prevent access for parochial uses, as had been done to the discouragement of reverence and devotion, and the danger of those who came for sanctuary within. The Church must not be used for secular purposes on holy days. The use of the bells must not be stopped nor almsgiving curtailed.

[Fol 17b] PRIMA LITTERA LEOMINISTRE. Thomas, etc. Priori et Conventui Leoministrie, etc., Visitacionis officii debiturn in ecclesia parochiali

Episcopi Herefordensis. 47

48 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

[1] In MS. scepta.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 49

Copy of an ordinance of Gilbert Foliot (Bishop, 1148) sanctioning the appropriation of Great Cowarne Church to the Abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester, to provide light and ornaments, and exempting the Abbey from synodals and procurations.

TRANSCRIPTA PRIVILEGIORUM ABBATIS ET CONVENTUS GLOCESTRIE TANGENTIUM ECCLESIAS SUAS IN DIOCESI HEREFORDENSI.- Omnibus fidelibus Ecclesie G[ilbertus] Foliot, Herefordensis Episcopus, W. Decanus cum toto Capitulo Herefordensi salutem in Domino. Noveritis nos, Episcopali dignitate et auctoritate Herefordensis Ecclesie, ex dono nobilis viri Bernardi de Novo Mercato1 et ad instanciam multorurn nobilium, dilectos filios nostros, Abbatem et Conventum Beati Petri Gloucestrie in ecclesia Sancte Marie de Coura impersonasse, atque plenum personatum eisdem concessisse, ad luminaria et ornamenta sancte Ecclesie beati Petri invenienda, per manum sacriste qui pro tempore fuerit. Ita quod idem sacrista de prefata ecclesia de Coura nomine personatus quindecim marcas annuas percipiet, donee ecclesia dicta vacaverit; qua vacante licebit prefato sacriste illam ingredi et pacifice possidere, absque alicujus impedimento, dummodo capellanus sive vicarius ibidem ministrans sumcientem atque honestam habeat sustentacionem ad valenciam decem marcarum; et totum residuum convertatur in usus proprios dicti sacriste, secundum quod melius disposuerit. Concedimus eciarn eidem ut quietus sit ab omni decirnacione de manerio suo de Eodele, similiter et de Hyda, preter duos solidos annuos ecclesie de Yarkhulle ex antique persolvendos. Volumus etiam et concedimus ut Abbas Gloucestrie quietus sit ab omni nostra Synodo et qualibet procuracione spectante ad Episcopum Herefordensem racione ecclesiarum habitarum in Episcopatu Herefordensi; et hoc facimus propter fervorem honeste religionis quam florere novimus, et non sine fructu, in Monasterio Gloucestriensi. Ex decreto itaque tocius Synodi nostre, in Ecclesia Herefordensi solempniter celebrate, publice excommunicavimus omnes qui aliquo tempore contra ipsam nostram ordinacionem atque confirmacionem dictis monachis concessam

[1] Bernard Newmarch, from Neumarche, in Normandy, came over with the Conqueror, and "used a soldier's licence to appropriate the territory of Brecknock". Freeman.

50 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Confirmation of the same by Hugh Foliot (Bishop, 1219) after inquiry from the Vicar.

Universis Sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis, Hugo Folyot, divina permissione Herefordensis Episcopus, Radulfo Decano cum toto Capitulo Herefordensi, salutem. Sciatis nos inspexisse cartam bone memorie G[ilberti Folyot], quondam Herefordensis Episcopi, cum assensu Capitali nostri; in qua continetur ipsos ecclesiam beate Marie de Coura Monasterio Beati Petri Gloucestrie concessisse et in proprios usus confirmasse, ad luminaria et ornamenta ejusdem Monasterii invenienda per manus sacriste ejusdem loci. Et cum nostrum sit rigare quod predecessores nostri plantaverint, sic enim eadem gracia que plantatori etiam debetur nutritori; ratam igitur habentes illam donacionem, autoritate qua freti sumus et potestate, eandem firmiter concedimus et confirmamus omni eo modo quo carta ilia protestatur et in omnibus. Et cum aliquantulum hesitaremus an ut persona vel ut vicarius magister Willelmus de Gloucestria dictam ecclesiam de Coura possideret, idem magister, super hiis diligenter a nobis requisitus sub gravi juramento fatebatur se tantum vicarium existere, et de dicta ecclesia in xxxv marcis annuis se obligari sacriste Gloucestrie et illi in tanta pecunia annuatim respondere. Ut igitur nulli posteritati istud vertatur in dubium, dicimus, volumus, et con cedimus ut memoratus sacrista ecclesiam suam de Coura ingrediatur, et in manu sua retineat quodcunque voluerit, salva sufficienti et honesta sustinacione unius capellani seu vicarii in dicta ecclesia ministrantis. Et sint predicti Abbas et Conventus quieti a Synodo nostra sequenda, similiter ab omni procuracione que spectet vel spectare possit ad Episcopum Herefordensem visitando ecclesias ad dictum Monasterium pertinentes in diocesi Herefordensi. In cujus rei concessione et confirmacione huic presenti scripto sigilla nostra fecimus apponi. Et inhibemus ex parte Dei ne quis contra istam concessionem et coniirmacionem obviare presumat sub pena ilia que expressa est in carta ilia quam prediximus, a Domino G[ilberto] Foliot, predecessore nostro, sepefato Monasterio confecta et collata. Teste toto Capitulo nostro.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 51

Omnibus Sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis Johannes, Dei gracia Here fordensis Ecclesie minister humilis, salutem in Domino. Quoniam religiosoruin loca, etc. Insuper collaciories, concessiones, confirmaciones et omnes alias libertates tarn a predecessoribus nostris quam ab omnibus aliis quibuscunque eisdem religiosis in nostra diocesi concessas eisdem Abbati et conventui Sancti Petri Gloucestrie, absque nostra successorumve nostrorum reclamacione, contradiccione, seu qualibet perturbacione, Episcopali auctoritate in usus proprios concedimus, et nunc et prius concessa confirmamus; salva Episcopali et Herefordensis Ecclesie dignitate. Datum Herefordie, V Idus Marcii, anno gracie MCCLXXJ, pontificatus nostri anno tercio.

April 30, 1276.- Institution to the Vicarage of Yazor of Simon de Fekham, priest, presented by the Priory of Llantony prima. Mandate of induction.

[Fol. 18] JAUESAUERE.- Thomas, etc, Symoni de Fekham presbitero, salutem, etc. Ad vicariam ecclesie de Jauesauere vacantem, ad presentacionem Prioris et Conventus Lantonie prime, verorum patronorum ejusdem, [te] admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem. In cujus, etc. Datum Londoniis, ij Kalendas Maii. Mandatum est Officiali quod mittat eundem in corporalem possessionem.

May 5.- Adjournment of the payment of one hundred shillings due from the Earl of Hereford for a relief of the manor of Little Hereford.

COMES HEREFORDIE.- viij Idus Maii datus est respectus Comiti Herefordie usque ad quindenam Sancti Michaelis de centum solidis, quos recognovit in Scaccario Domini Regis se debere domino Episcopo nomine relevii pro manerio de Parva Herefordia quod idem Comes tenet de dicto Episcopo.

May 7.- Licence to Brother John of the Hospital de Alto Pascio to collect alms in the diocese.

ALTUS PASSUS.- Memorandum quod frater Johannes de Camera, frater Hospitalis de Alto Passu1 habuit litteras Domini sub data apud

[1] The Hospital at Alto Pascio was about halfway between Lucca and Pistoia. Its collectors were often licensed to receive alms in English dioceses.

52 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Another copy of the writ of Oct. 25, 1275, printed above.

Breve Domini Regis per quod Episcopus Herefordensis implacitat Comitem Gloucestrie de Chacia Malvernie.

The Bishop's Proctors in the suit against the Earl of Gloucester were Robert de Kemseye and John de Hampton, of whom the former was removed in the octave of St. Hilary.

Episcopus ponit loco suo in placito predicto Robertum de Kemeseye, vel Johannem de Hamptone: postea Episcopus ammovit Robertum de Kemeseye, apud Wyntoniam, in Octabis Sancti Hillarii et posuit loco suo . . . . [1]

The Sheriff of Hereford returned that the Earl of Gloucester could not be summoned in the County of Herefordshire. Mandate therefore sent to the Sheriff of Gloucester to summon.

HEREFORDIA.- A die Sancti Martini in xv dies, Vicecomes Herefordie retornavit coram Bege quod Comes Gloucestrie nichil habuit in Comitatu Herefordie ubi posset summoned, et testatus est quod habet in Comitatu Gloucestrie. Ideo [preceptum est] Vicecomiti Glouces trie quod summoneat eum quod sit coram Bege in Octabis Hillarii.

The Sheriff of Gloucester instructed the bailiffs of the liberty of Tewkesbury to summon, but they took no action. Renewed mandate to summon.

GLOUCESTRIA.- Ad diem illam Vicecomes Gloucestrie retornavit quod preceperat ballivis libertatis de Thekesbury qui nichil inde fecerunt. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti quod non omittat propter libertatem etc., quin snmmoneat eum quod sit coram Bege ubicunque etc. in Octabis Purificacionis etc.

[1] The name was not written here.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 53

GLOUCESTRIA.- Ad diem illam Episcopus optulit se versus eundem, et Comes fuit essoniatus de malo veniendi;1 habuit diem coram Rege ubicunque, etc., a die Pasche in unum mensem.

The Earl not appearing in Court has to provide bail for appearance later.

[Fol. 18b] GLOUCESTRIA.- A die Pasche in unum mensem Episcopus optulit se versus eundem Comitem, et ipse non venit. Judicatur quod ponatur per vadium et salvos plegios ita quod sit coram Rege ubicunque etc. in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis etc. ad respondendum dicto Episcopo ut supra, et ad ostendendum quare non servavit diem sibi datam per essoniatorem suum a die Pasche in unum mensem, sicut sibi preceptum fuit.

Ample time has been allowed for the adjournments, but the neglect of the bailiffs of Tewkesbury has caused delay, and a shorter interval is now fitting in the interest of the Bishop.

Nec potest occasionari assignacio istius diei propter suam brevitatem, cum contineat mensem perfecturn, et Judices ex officio suo tales dies assignare consueverunt. Hie autem Rex et Consilium suum Justiciariis mandaverunt quod in istis dilacionibus, que merito sunt artande, graciam facerent Episcopo quam possent, dum tamen parti adverse expressam injuriam non inferrent. Item quod dictus Comes coram Rege et suo Consilio, necnon et domino R[adulfo] de Hengham, et Justiciariis fere omnibus comparuit placitando, et diem assignatum assumendo respondere videbatur, vel confcemptum facere in non respondendo; racione cujus conternptus merito debuit habere brevem diem, Item per defectum ballivi libertatis dicti Comitis de Thekesbury, qui mandatum vicecomitis non exequitur sicut deberet, perdit multociens dictus Episcopus dies suos. Et propterea non est mirum si Episcopus in brevitate dierum allevietur.

June 12.- Writ to the Sheriff of Gloucester to distrain on the Earl and have him in Court on July 8.

Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Gloucestrie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod distringas Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie,

[1] This essonium was a plea of accident or involuntary delay on the road, as distinguished from essonium de malo lecti, the plea of illness at home.

54 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

The Earl appears in Court at Westminster and prays view of the lands where he claims the right to hunt.

Placita coram Rege a die Sancti Michaelis in quindecim dies, apud Westmonasterium, anno quarto. Gilbertus de Clare, Comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, in misericordia pro plurimis defaltis versus Thornam, Episcopum Herefordensem.

Item Gilbertus attachiatus fuit ad respondendum eidem Episcopo de placito, quare, etc. Unde queritur quod, cum predecessores sui, scilicet quidam Radulphus de Maidenestan, Episcopus Herefordensis, et Petrus de Aqua Blanca, successor ejus, ejusdem loci Episcopus, fuerunt in seisina, racione et jure Ecclesie Sancti Ethelberti [1] Herefordie de predicta Chacia tempore Regis Henrici, patris Domini Regis nunc, capiendo in eadem Chacia cervum et cervam, damum et damam, cheverillum, murilegum, [2] leporem, et omnes alias feras que ad liberam Chaciam pertinent; et que Chacia est propriumsolum ipsius Episcopi, racione juris Ecclesie sue predicte, et hominum suorum, in quorum solo et boscis predictus Episcopus predictam Chaciam habere debet, scilicet in solo Walteri de Chavenham, Walteri filii Richardi de Middletone, Thome de Goldhulle, Willelmi Osgot, Roberti de Madine, hominum predicti Episcopi. Et sic injuriain predecessori predicti Episcopi et Ec clesie sue predicte factarn continuavit usque riunc. Et Comes venit et petit visum de tenemento unde petit Chaciam. Habeat. Dies datus est eis a die Sancti Martini in quindecim dies. Et interim etc.

[1] In MS. Athelberti.
[2] murilegum, mouse-catcher, or cat.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 55

HEREFORDENSE ESSONIUM.- A die Saricti Martini in xv dies Gilbertus de Clare versus Thomam Episcopum Herefordensem de placito Chacie perdit.

Dies a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies, ubicunque, etc.

A die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies apud Wygorniam Thomas, Episcopus Herefordensis, optulit se versus Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie; et ipse per attornatum suum comparuit, et Episcopus placitavit versus eum de Chacia, ut patet in alia parte; et Comes et Episcopus posuerunt se in inquisicionem. Habuerunt diem a die Pascbe in tres septimanas. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti Herefordie quod venire faceret ad diem illam tarn milites quam alios xij liberos et legales homines de visoribus de Colewelle et Estnoure, eb qui nee Thomam, Episcopum Herefordensem, nee Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, aliqua affinitate attingant, ad recognoscendum super sacramentum suum.

A die Pasche in tres septimauas optulit se versus Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem de Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, et Johannes de la More attornatus dicti Comitis fuit essoniatus dicto die versus dictum Episcopum, Habuerunt diem a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies. Et preceptum fuit Vicecomiti quod haberet corpora talium recognitorum ad dictum diem. Et quod Vicecomes haberet ad dictum diem tot et tales, ne jurata ilia remaneat capienda pro defectu juratorum.

A die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies loquela remansit sine die propter expedicionem exercitus domini Regis versus Walliam. Novum breve quod loquela resumatur [et] quod Comes sit apud Salopiam coram tenentibus locum Regis in Octabis Sancti Michaelis. Tenor dicti brevis talis est, Vicecomiti Gloucestrie salutern. Summoneas per bonos summonitores Gilbertum de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, quod sit coram nobis, vel locum nostrum tenentibus, apud Salopiam in Octabis Sancti Michaelis, [ad] audiendum recordum et judicium suum de loquela que fuit in curia nostra coram nobis inter Thomam, Episcopum Herefordensem, quereutem, et predictum Comitem, de placito quare predictus Comes non permittit ipsum habere liberam Chaciam in terris ipsius Episcopi de Colewelle et Estenoure in Comitatu Herefordie. Ita quod loquela ilia tune sit ibi in eodem statu in quo fuit quando atterminata fuit coram nobis a die

56 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Jan. 15, 1278.- Circular letter to the Prelates from Pope Nicholas III announcing his election at Viterbo on S. Catherine's Day, and his reluctance which was overruled. He asks for their prayers, and desires that bare necessaries only may be given to the letter carriers.

[Fol. 19] Nicolaus Episcopus, [1] Servus Servorum Dei, Venerabilibus Fratribus Archiepiscopo, Episcopis, et dilectis filiis Abbatibus ac aliis Ecclesiarum Prelatis per Cantuariensem Provinciam constitutis, salutem et apostolicam benediccionem. Immense Dominus potencie, qui rnundum per se condidit, per se regit, nee eget extrinsecus quesitis auxiliis ad regendum, qui-non eguit ad condendum; quern enim, Sacra Scriptura testante, alium constituit super terram, aut quern alium posuit super eum quern fabricatus est orbem? profecto nullum; set ipse solus regiminis et gubernacionis est princeps qui creacionis extitit solus actor; ipse quidem Ecclesie Catholice, peculiaris proculdubio domus sue, peculiaris eciam civitatis, solus edificator et custos; ad cujus sine ipso custodiam seu structuram frustra edificantes alii laborem assumerent, frustra custodes ceteri vigilarent, tanto rnagis earn specialis regiminis et custodie cura prosequitur quanto majori singularitate construxit; siquidem cetera verbo creans dixit, et facta sunt, Ecclesiam vero non solum verbi expressione set et sui preciosi sanguinis effusione fundavit; ad hujus autem specialitatis evidenciam discipulis suis, quos ejusdem Ecclesie jecit velud precipua fundamenta, Ego, iuquiens, vobiscurn sum usque ad consumacionem seculi, sue virtutis asistenciam repromisit; et ipsi Ecclesie in apostolorum principe, cui cujusque successoribus commisit ejusdem regiminis vicariam, ait, Ego pro te rogavi, Petre, ne deficiat fides tua; eandem insuper vicariam sic esse voluit vicissitudinarie successionis continuacione perpetuam, ut, quamquam ipsi vicarii, ex humane fragilitatis condicione legi mortalitatis addicti, vite presentis occasum imperio mortis incurrerent, ipsum tamen vicariatus officium, substituendorum vicibus, imrnortale, perpetuum remaneret. Proinde sepefata Mater Ecclesia interdum, utili desponsata pontifici, nupcialibus ornata monilibus, sub sponsi sui ducatu, ejusdem rectoris omni dirigente potencia, leta deducitur, interdum vero in pastoris

[1] This letter of Nicholas III, with a different ending as addressed to King Edward, is to be found in "Rymer", January 15, 1278.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 57

subtracti carencia, viduitatis amictu circumdata, oculis resolutis in lacrimas, ejus sibi queritur adempta solacia, lamenta de illius subtraccione multiplicat, et anxia pro alterius substitucione laborat; Eo quandoque prolixius quo, hiis quorum interest cum ornni diligencia sollerter ac instanter ejusdem Ecclesie provisioni vacantibus nichilominus tamen vacacionis prolixitatem ingerit occurrencium casuum qualitas aliarumque circumstanciarum necessitas, non instancium negligencia vel voluntas. Et licet interim eadem Ecclesia, dum ad edicionem spiritualis patris, filii, sponsique votivam enititur, parturientis partes experiens, conatus prosequens et molestias perferens, acerbos dolores senciat, instar illius tamen consulcius ydoneum pariendi tempus expectat, ne inconsulte festinancie impetu partum precipitet in abortum. Sic igitur presumptuosa judicia murmurancium in Ecclesie provisione quamsepe indigne arguunt tarditatem. Nam etsi de providendo utiliter eidern Ecclesie in generalitate quadam sint eligencium vota concordia, tamen dum singulariter ad id persona idonea queritur, in hoc nimirum querencium judicia facile non con cordant, set et nonnunquam occulta forsan Dei disposicione postponendus eligitur et postponitur preferendus; sicut hiis accidisse diebus ex nostrorum defectuum consideracione supponimus et humiliter confitemur. Nuper enim felicis recordacionis Johanne Papa, prepecessore uostro, apud Viterbiurn, ubi tune cum sua Curia residebat, ab hac luce subtracto, et ipsius corpore in Viterbiensi ecclesia cum exequiarum sollempnitate debita tumulato, tandem nos, et fratres quibus nos tune officii quo ad hoc annumerabat equalitas, in Palacio Episcopali convenimus, propensiorem diligenciam desiderate provisioni eidem Ecclesie impensuri. Et quamquam ille qui celesti dat concentui [hjarmoniam, nos, sub clausura eadem habitantes, in unum ad utilern provisionem ipsius Eccle&ie obtinendam, prout singulorum habeat assercio, unanimes fore sua pia voluntas concesserit; ad consummacionem tamen provisionis ejusdem, alto suo et secreto corisilio, dare aliquandiu distulit spiritum unitatis. Set demum in die Beate Katerine, Missarum sollempniis cum invocacione Sancti Spiritus celebratis, iidem fratres in humilitatem nostram, (utinam non exhorbitante judicio), per viam scrutinii concordantes, nos, tune Sancti Nicholai in carcere Tulliano Diaconum Cardinalem, ad conscendendam Apostolice dignitatis speculam unanimiter elegerunt, nobis vesteni poderis [1] universum orbis ambitum continentem non offerentes tantummodo, set eciam cum importuna iustancia ingerentes.

[1] Poderis, a long priestly vestment. Orel. Vital (ap. Du Cange), Qttidam illorum (clcricoriiiiij poderibus sit-is induti.

58 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Verum ut rei geste seriem succinctus sermo pertranseat, ne dum defectus eosdem ad humiliacionem nostram gestimus exprirnere, sub humilitatis specie notam elacionis seu qualiscunque jactancie ingerat seriosa repeticio veritatis, nos gradus altitudinem, et oneris iminentis tante altitudinis ascensori molem, nobis in Cardinalatus officio experiencie longe participio non ignotam, attenta meditacione pensantes, eligencium et offerencium instancie insufficiencie nostre imparitatem objecimus, debilitatem nostram, dictante cousciencia, imparem cum repetita multociens relaxionis supplicacione humili allegantes. Curnque nee sic cessaret instans fratrum importunitas eorumdem, set vim inferens nostro proposito vehemencius collegii jussus urgeret, nosque violenciam pacientes clamaremus lacrimis, nee esset qui auditu exaudicionis audiret, vociferarernur gemitu, nee foret qui remissionem injuncti oneris benigno judicio indulgeret, ad Ilium oculos mentis ereximus qui, sicut premittitur, Ecclesiam quam per se fundavit non negligit regere per seipsum, set quam pie condidit pie regit; et quamquam de insufficiencia nostra timentes, de superhabundancia tamen omnipotencie sue confisi, humeros summo superhumerali subjecimus et humiliter jugum subivimus Apostolice [Fol. 19b] servitutis; sperantes quod ipse qui Petri pedibus marines vertices inclinavit, ut iter liquidum humanis gressibus solidum preberet, obsequium nobis quos, licet indignos, illi sua constituit dignacio successorem, in nostri execucione ministerii humiliabit per sue virtutis potenciam colla tumencia superborum, et lapsus in delicta labencium cohibendo, eos in bonorum stabilitate operum solidabit. Ad quod efficaciter obtinendum attente oracionum vestrarum suffragia imploramus, universitatem vestram mouentes rogamus et obsecrantes in Domino Jesu Christo, quatinus diligencius attendentes quod ad tanti ponderis sarcinam supportandum pervigiles cooperatores esse vos exigit vobis in vestris gregibus sollicitudo commissa in hujusmodi cooperacionis ministerio exequendo, super greges eosdem sollicite vigilantes, debilitati nostre devotarum oracionum et placacionum uberum frequentibus oblacionibus assistatis; ab Eo qui sarcinam nobis eandem imposuit, seu pocius forsan imponi permisit, supplicacionibus devotis et sedulis implorantes ut qui ex eisdem nostris defectibus sub illius onere premimur ipsius munere sublevemur, nobisque ipse bonorum largitor omnium sic illam ad sui nominis laudem et gloriam nostram populique sui salutem portare sua pietate concedat, quod eadem pia Mater Ecclesia filios suos numero et merito nostris multiplicari temporibus glorietur. Ceterum fratres et filii,

Episcopi Herefordensis. 59

affectum vobis caritative benignitatis expandimus et sinum caritatis solide aperimus, proponentes in quibus cum Deo poterimus honori vestro deferre, ac vestra et ecclesiarum vestrarum comoda, pro quibus ad DOS recurrere cum securitate poteritis, in promptitudine benivolencie promovere. Cum autem, sicut intelleximus, portitores hujusmodi litterarum interdum esse consueverint contra intencionem mittencium exactores, nunc importune peticionis instancia, nunc eciam murmuracionum susuriis ac detraccionum, ac querelarum comminacionibus exigendo, scire vos volumus quod nostre intencionis existit, latoresque presencium jurare fecimus, quod ad exigendum vel obtinendum aliquid, preterea que ad victum et ob infirmitates ac alios casus necessaria per alias eis sub certa forma litteras quas vobis exhiberi mandamus ministrari precipimus, talibus instanciis, murmuracionibus, seu comminacionibus non utantur, nee recipere per instancias, murmuraciones, vel comminaciones hujusmodi oblata presurnant. Ideoque ut nostris in hoc intencioni et beneplacitis concurratis, prefatis eorum abusionibus ceterisque similibus, si forsan eis (quod non est verisimile) uti presumerent, contra propriurn juramentum contemptis omnino, vos ultra premissa ipsis nostro ministranda mandato tribuendo aliquid non gravetis; cum non per extorciones hujusmodi set alias retribucione congrua intendamus ipsorum laboribus respondere. Datum Eome, apud Sanctum Petrum, xviij Kalendas Februarii. Pontificatus nostri anno primo.

Terms agreed on between the Bishop and the Earl to settle the disputed claims to the Chase. The Earl shall remove his foresters from the Chase, the Bishop shall hunt there once. Then the officers of the Crown shall take possession while a Jury shall hold an inquest. If they cannot agree, the Justices shall appoint others to decide.

Le Eveske de Hereford e le Cunte de Gloucestre sont acordez en ceste furme, ki le Cunte rent al Eveske la Chace de Colwelle e Estnore ausi plenerement e ausi franchrnent come le predecessors le Eveske les tindrent; e le Cunte remuera ses foresters de iluques issi ki le Eveske puse aver ses gardeyns, e le Eveske pur sa seisine user i corra une feyx, et pus apres demorra le coure en la rneyn le Eeys issi ki le un ne le autre ne icurge deke taunt ki les Justices le Eeys ki sont assignez eyent pris enquestre par duze eslus de parties de Counte de Hereford e de Wyrecestre, si les duze se pusent accorder. E si il ne se pusent accorder, les Justices de lur office de meme les

60 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Countezprendrent taunz et teus ki ne sayent suspect a nule de parties e par les queus la verite puse meux estre sue, a saver si ce seyt la fraunche Chace le Eveske sicum il dist, ou ki le Counte i deyfc coure a sa volente, sicum il disfc. Et cestes Justices serunt as utaves de la Chaundelur en celes parties pur la verite de ceste choze enquere. E, si ne la poent terminer deing la Paske siwaunt le Eeys le fra terminer par eus ou par autres. Et sunt les Justices a ce eslux sire Rauf de Hengham e sire Water de Helyun.

Jan. 6, 1278. Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire directing him to remove the Earl's foresters from the Chase, to let the Bishop have seisin and hunt there once, and then to take possession himself while the inquest is being held.

Rex Vicecomiti Herefordie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod Venerabili Patri Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, facias seysinam Chacie de Colewelle et Estinoure, quam idem Episcopus clamabat in Curia nostra coram nobis versus G[ilbertum] de Clare, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, in qua idem Episcopus, per te amotis forestariis ejusdem Comitis de eadem Chacia, extunc semel curret, et deinde currere illud per te capiatur in manum nostram, et per te et custodes Episcopi salvo custodiatur; et deinde fiat super hoc inquisicio, secundum formam cedule presentibus incluse, coram fidelibus nostris ibidem, in brevi per nos transmittendo. Teste meipso apud Turrim Londoniarum, vj die Januarii, anno regni nostri sexto.

Jan. 12. Mandate to the Justices to hold an inquest with a mixed Jury of Herefordshire and Worcestershire as to the claims in dispute.

Edwardus, Dei gracia, etc., dilectis et fidelibus suis, Radulfo de Hengham et Waltero de Helyun, salutem. Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad quandarn inquisicionem, in qua Venerabilis Pater Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, et dilectus fidelis noster Gilbertus de Clare, Comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, in presencia nostra constituti, se posuerunt coram nobis super Chacia de Colewelle et Estenore, faciendam in forma per nos vobis inde tradita et injuncta. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod per sacramenturn proborum et legalium hominum de Comitatibus Herefordie et Wygornie, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, et qui neutri parti sint suspecti, inquisicionem illam capiatis juxta tenorem forme supradicte, et ulterius inde

Episcopi Herefordensis. 61

faciatis quod ad justiciam pertinet secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri. Mandavimus taroen Vicecomitibus nostris comitatuum predictorum, quod ad certos dies et loca, quos eis scire facietis, venire faciant coram vobis tot et tales probos et legates homines de comitatibus predictis, per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cujus, etc. Londoniis, xij die Januarii, anno regni nostri sexto.

Writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire directing him to summon a Jury for the Justices.

Vicecomiti Wygornie salutem. Cum assignaverimus dilectos et fideles nostros Radulfum de Hengham et Walterum de Helyun ad quandam inquisicionem, etc. (v. supra), tibi precipimus quod ad certos diem et locum, quos predicti Radulfus et Walterus tibi scire facient, venire facias coram eis tot et tales probos et legates homines de balliva tua, per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste, etc.

Jan. 27. Proceedings at Worcester in the Suit. Verdict of the Jury in favour of the Bishop.

Placita coram Rege apud Wygorniam, a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies, anno regni Regis E[dwardi], filii Regis Henrici, sexto. HEREFORDE. Gilbertus de Clare, Comes Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, summonitus fuit ad respondendum Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, de placito quare, etc., et inde producit sectam, etc. Et Gilbertus per attornatum suum venit, et dicit quod predicti Radulfus et Petrus, quondam Episcopi Herefordenses et predecessores predicti Thome Episcopi qui modo queritur, nunquam habuerunt liberam Chaciam in predictis dominicis, terris, et boscis ipsius Episcopi et hominum suorum predictorum, que posuit in visu suo tanquam pertinentia ad Ecclesiam suam predictam, nee eciam predictam liberam Chaciam sibi appropriavit, nee foreste sue attraxit. Immo dicit quod Ricardus de Clare, pater suus, obiit seisitus de Chacia predicta, appropriata et attracta foreste predicte; unde precise dicit quod predicti Radulfus et Petrus, quondam Episcopi Herefordenses et predecessores predicti Episcopi qui nunc est, nunquam fuerunt in seisina de aliqua libera Chacia in predictis

62 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

tenuris, racione et jure Ecclesie sue predicts, nee eciam aliquam liberam Ghaciam que fuit predictorum predecessorum ipsius Thome Episcopi appropriavit nee foreste sue attraxit. Et quod ita sit ponit se super patriam, etc. Et Episcopus dicit quod ipse habere debet, et predecessores sui habere consueverunc, racione Ecclesie sue predicte, liberam Chaciam in predictis tenuris ad omnia que ad liberam Chaciam pertinent, et quod predictus Comes Chaciarn suo tempore sibi appropriavit et foreste sue attraxit, et de hoc ponit se super patriam. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti quod venire faciat a die Pasche in tres septimanas, ubicunque etc., xij, etc., per quos, etc. Et qui nee, etc., ad recognicionem in forma predicta. Qui tarn, etc. Postea venerunt predicti Episcopus et Comes coram Domino Rege, et in presencia ipsius Domini Regis concordati sunt in forma que continetur in quadam cedula, quam Dominus Rex misit Radulfo de Hengham et Waltero de Helyun, Justiciariis, in hec verba, Le Eveske de Hereford e le Cunte de Gloucestre sunt accordez, etc. (v. p. 59). Et postea die Martis proximo post Dominicam in Ramis Palmarum, anno sexto, apud Wyndiate supra montes Malvernie, venerunt Johannes le Estormy, Galfridus de Apetot de Hyndelep, Robertus de la Folye, Ricardus de Munt Yirun, Radulfus Bulge, et Adam de Croppethorn, de Comitatu Wygornie, Osbertus de Avenbury, Rogerus le Arblaster, Henricus de Herefordia, Johannes de Maurdyn, Johannes de Sweynestone, et Walterus de Monitone, de Comitatu Herefordie, jurati, qui dicunt per sacramentum suum quod predicta Chacia de Colewelle et Estenoure est libera Chacia dicti Episcopi pertinens ad Ecclesiam suam predictam, et quod predictus Comes non debet in ea chaciare. Et ideo consideratum est quod predictus Episcopus recuperet predictam Chaciam liberam sibi et successoribus suis et Ecclesie predicte, absque hoc quod predictus Comes vel heredes sui umquam in ea chaciare debeant. Et Comes in misericordia pardonatur per Dominum Regem. Et sciendum quod brevia, cedula, panellum invenientur inter brevia de quindena Pasche, anno sexto Regis Edwardi.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 63

April 17, 1280. Richard de Swinfield is collated to the Archdeaconry of Shropshire vacated by James de Aquablanca after sentence of deprivation. The prebend of Ledbury, vacated by him, is reserved by papal indult for the Bishop's own use. Roger de Sevenake is collated to the prebend at Hereford also vacated. Mandate to Hebdomadary to induct. The Archdeacon was installed by the Official, the witnesses being pledged to secrecy. [1]

Memorandum quod anno Domini MCC octogesimo, xv Kalendas Maii, contulimus intuitu caritatis Archidiaconatum Salopsire vacantem, tarn per resignacionem magistri Ade de Fileby, Procurations magistri Jacobi de Aqua Blanca, quondam Archidiaconi loci predicti, specialiter ad hoc dati, factam in manus nostras coram magistris Roberto de Gloucestria, Rlogero] de Sevenake, domino Waltero de Rudmerleye, vj Idus Aprilis, apud Ledebury, anno supradicto, quam per sentenciain privacionis latarn contra dictum magistrum Jacobum, ordine juris observato, contulimus magistro Ricardo de Svynefeld, [2] Cancellario Lyncolnie, si acceptet. Et si idem collacionem ipsarn non acceptet, contulimus earn domino Willelmo de Albaniaco in forma constitucionis.

Item eisdem die, et loco, et anno, resignavit idem magister A [dam], juxta procuratorii sui vires, prebendam quam dictus magister Jacobus tenuit in ecclesia Ledebury in manus nostras; quam pre bendam, auctoritate cujusdam indulgencie papalis, in nostros usus proprios retinemus.

Item eisdem die, anno, et loco predictis resignavit dictus magister A [dam] oretenus et litteratorie prebendam quam habuit idem magister Jacobus in Ecclesia Herefordensi, quam quidem magistro Rogero de Sevenake contulimus intuitu caritatis hiisdem loco, die, et anno; presentibus personis suprascriptis. Super qua collacione emanavit littera collacionis una3um littera Ebdomodario directa de installando eundem.

Installacio autem de Archidiaconatu ex speciali injuncto Domini facta fuit per magistrum Rogerum de Sevenake, tune Officialem, secundum modum superius annotatum, xiiij Kalendas Maii; presentibus Waltero dicto Banastre, capellano, Henrico de Keyrdif, Henrico de Shorham, Ricardo Spygurnel, qui omnes sacramentum prestiterunt quod factum illud non publicabunt antequam mandatum receperint a Domino Episcopo, aut per eum fuerit publicatum.

[1] This entry was afterwards cancelled.
[2] Swinfield, who succeeded Cantilupe as Bishop, had been already long in his service.

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Aug. 25, 1275. Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire to release on bail certain cattle of Ralph le Wyne, impounded wrongfully, as alleged, by servants of the Bishop-elect. Proceedings transferred from Herefordshire to Westminster.

[Fol. 21] Breve per quod Radulfus Wyne implacitat Episcopum Herefordsem. HEREFORDE. Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Herefordie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod juste et sine dilacione replegiari facias Radulfo le Wyne averia sua, que Magister Thomas, Electus Herefordensis, Johannes de Horsnede, Willelmus Luvetot, et Ricardus de Clehangre ceperunt et injuste detinent, ut dicitur; et postea ea inde juste deduci facias ne amplius etc. Teste rneipso apud Macclesfeld, xxv die Augusti, anno tercio. Hec loquela fuit in comitatu Herefordie. Postea posita fuit per eundem Radulfum le Wyne coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasteriuin, a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies. Adjournments in the Suit with Ralph le Wyne. Placita coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies, anno tercio regni Regis E[dwardi].

HEREFORDE. Episcopus Herefordensis optulit se versus Radulfum le Wyne, et posuit loco suo Adam de Symmyngfeuld, vel Alanum de Chyppenham. Et predictus Raduifus, qui querens est, fuit essoniatus, et alii in brevi fuerunt essoniati; et habent diem a die sahcti Hyllarii in xv dies.

Placita coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies, anno regni Regis E[dwardi] tercio.

HEREFORDE. Episcopus Herefordensis et alii in brevi optulerunt se versus Radulfum le Wyue, et Radulfus fuit essoniatus quod est in servicio Regis. Dies a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies, et sciendum quod idem Radulfus, qui querens est, fuit alias essoniatus a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies.

March 30, 1278. Dispensation granted to John Abbad, by the authority of a Bull of Pope Gregory, to enable him to take Orders, and obtain an ecclesiastical benefice, notwithstanding the defect of illegitimacy.

JOHANNES ABBAD. Gregorius Episcopus, Servus servorum Dei, Venerabili Fratri, Episcopo Herefordensi, salutem, graciam, et

Episcopi Herefordensis. 65

benediccionem. Constitutus in presencia nostra dilectus filius Johannes Abbad, clericus tue diocesis, nobis humiliter supplicavit ut cum eo super defectu natalium, quern patitur de soluto genitus et soluta, dispensare rnisericorditer curaremus. Ad te igitur remittentes eundern, fraternitati tue per apostolica scripta mandamus quatinus, consideratis diligenter circumstanciis universis que circa ydoneyetatem fuerint attendende, si paterne non est incontinencie imitator, set bone conversacionis et vite, super quibus tuam intendimus conscienciam onerare, aliasque sibi merita suffragantur ad dispensacionis graciam optinendam, quod, hujusmodi non obstante defectu, ad omnes ordines promoveri, et ecclesiasticum beneficium, eciam si curam habeat animarum, obtinere valeat, secum, postquam per biennium in gramatica studuerit, auctoritate nostra dispenses, prout secundum Deum anime sue saluti videris expedire. Ita tamen, quod idem clericus ad ordines, sicut requiret onus beneficii quod eum post dispensacionem hujusmodi obtinere contigerit, se faciat statutis temporibus promoveri, et personaliter resideat in eodem. Alioquin hujusmodi gracia quoad beneficium ipsum nullius penitus sit momenti. Datum Lugduni, Idibus Maii, pontificatus nostri anno tercio. Et notandum quod in forma prenotata dispensatum est cum eodem, iij Kalendas Aprilis, anno Domini MCCLXX septimo, pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Nov. 3, 1275. Writ to the Sheriff of Derbyshire to order Thomas de Chaiuorth to hand over to the Bishop as his wards Margery and Dionisia, daughters and heiresses of Ranulf le Poer, who held lands of the Bishop, and in default of obedience to summon him before the Justices at Westminster.

Breve Domini Kegis, per quod Episcopus Herefordensis implacitat 2ib. Thomam de Chawrthes de custodia filiarum et heredum Eanulfi le Poer.

DEBBEIA. Rex Vicecomiti Derbeie, salutem. Precipe Thome de Chawrthes quod juste et sine dilacione reddat Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, Margeriam et Dionisiam, filias et heredes Eanulfi le Poer, quarum custodia ad ipsum pertinet, eo quod predictus Eanulfus terram suam tenuit de Johanne, predecessore suo, per servicium militare, ut dicit. Et nisi fecerit, quia prefatus Episcopus fecit nos secures de clameo suo prosequendo per Rogerum de Evesham et Johannem de Saresbiria de Comitatu Herefordie, summoneas per

66 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

bonos summonitores predictum Thomam quod sit coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies, ostensurus quare non fecerit. Et habeas ibi summonicionein et hoc breve. Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium, iij die Novembris, anno regni nostri tercio. Sunt attornati in dicto placito coram magistro R[ogero] de Seytone Johannes de Saresbiria vel Adam de Sinningfeude.

Thomas de Chaworth failed to appear in Court; the Sheriff is directed to bring him after Easter.

DERBEIA. Episcopus Herefordensis optulit se versus Thomam de Chawrthes, quod reddat ei Margeriam et Dionisiam, filias et heredes Eanulfi le Poer, quarum custodia ad ipsum pertinet, eo quod idem Thomas terram suam tenuerit de Johanne, predecessore predicti Episcopi, per servicium militare, etc. Et ipse non venit, et summonitus, etc. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti quod attachiet eum quod sit coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium, a die Pasche in xv dies. Placitum coram Justiciariis apud Westmona sterium, a die Pasche in xv dies.

Further adjournment of the Suit.

DEEBEIA ESSONIA. Thomas de Chawrthes versus Thomam, Episcopum Herefordensem, de placito custodie in Octabis Sancti Johannis Baptiste assignato.

May 27, 1278. Terms of agreement as to the wardship. The defendant recognised the Bishop's claim to the wards and land in question, and paid ten pounds to him on June 2nd, 1279.

FINALIS CONCORDIA. Hec est finalis concordia facta in Curia Domini Regis apud Westmonasterium, in crastino Ascensionis Domini, anno regni Regis Edwardi sexto, coram magistro Rogero de Seytone, magistro Radulfo de Freningham, Thoma Wenlond, Johanne de Lovetot, et Rogero de Leyter, Justiciariis, et aliis Domini Regis fidelibus tune ibi presentibus, inter Thomam, Episcopum Here fordensem, querentem, et Thomam de Chaworthes, deforciantem, [1]per Johannem de Leyes positum loco suo ad lucrandum vel perdendum de custodia Margerie et Dyonisie, filiamm et heredum Ranulfi le

[1] Deforciantem, the defendant, as "detaining by force" from the plaintiff the wards in question.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 67

le Poer, quarum custodia ad ipsum pertinet eo quod predictus Eanulfus terram suam termit de Johanne, quondam Herefordensi Episcopo, predecessore predicti Episcopi, per servicium militare. Et unde placitum fuit inter eosdem in eadem Curia, scilicet quod pre dictus Thomas de Chaworthes recognovit custodiam predictarum Margerie et Dionisie et heredum earum, et similiter terrarum suarurn, que sunt de feodo ipsius Episcopi, esse jus ipsius Episcopi et Ecclesie sue de Herefordia; et illam remisit et quietam clamacionem, de se et heredibus suis, predicto Episcopo et successoribus suis imperpetuum; et postea idem Thomas de Chaworthes dedit predicto Episcopo decem libras sterlingorum, et pro hac recognicione, remissione, quieta clamacione, donacione, fine, et concordia, idem Episcopus remisit predicto Thome de Chaworthes omnia dampna que dicebat se habuisse occasione predicte custodie imperpetuum. Memorandum quod dicte decem libre solute fuerunt dicto Episcopo Herefordensi apud Totenhale, secundo die Junii, MCCLXX nono, per dominum Thomam de Chaworthes; et habuit litteras aquitancie.

May 8, 1276. Writ to the Sheriff of Shropshire to summon Peter Corbet to appear before the Justices of Westminster, if he has not restored beforehand to the Bishop one hundred acres of land wrongfully detained, as alleged.

Breve originale per quod Episcopus Herefordensis implacitat Petrum Corebet coram Justiciariis de Banco apud Westmonasterium. SALOPIA. Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Salopie salutem. Precipe Petro Corebet quod juste et sine dilacione reddat Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, centum acras pasture cum pertinenciis, in Esthamptone, in quas idem Petrus non habet ingressum nisi per Thomam Corebet, qui Petrum, quondam Episcopum Herefordensem, predecessorem prefati Episcopi, inde injuste et sine judicio deseisivit, post primam transfretacionem Domini Henrici Regis, patris nostri, in Brittaniam; et nisi fecerit, et predictus Episcopus fecerit te securum de clameo suo prosequendo, tune summoneas per bonos summonitores predictum P [etrum] Corebet quod sit coram Jus ticiariis nostris apud Westmonasterium in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis, ostensurus quare non fecerit. Et habeas ibi summonicionem et hoc breve. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, viij die Maii, anno regni nostri quarto. Faciat Episcopus attornatos in dicto placito.

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Writ to the Sheriff of Shropshire to have view taken of the hundred acres in dispute, and to send four Knights who take part in it to the Justices at Westminster.

PRO visu HABENDO. Edwardus, Dei gracia, etc., Vicecomiti Salopie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod sine dilacione habere facias visurn de centum acris pasture cum pertinenciis, in Esthamptone, quas Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, in Curia nostra coram Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium clamat ut jus ecclesie sue Herefordensis versus predictum Petrum. Et die quatuor militibus ex illis qui visui illi interfuerint, quod sint coram Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Martini in xv dies, ad testificaudum visum ilium. Et habeas ibi nomina militum et hoc breve. Teste etc.

Dec. 30, 1277. Writ to the Sheriff directing him to secure by distraint the service of the Knights who failed to act on the perambulation of the border-lands of the Bishop and Peter Corbet.

Rex, Vicecomiti Salopie, salutem. Cum nuper tibi precepimus quod, assumptis tecum xij discretis et legalibus militibus de Comitatu tuo, in propria persona tua accederes ad terram Thome, Episcopi Herefordensis, in Esthamptone, et terram Petri Corbet in Wentenoure, et per eorum sacramentum fieri faceres perambulacionem inter terras ipsorum Episcopi et Petri in eisdem villis, ita quod perambulacio ilia fieret per certas metas eb divisas, quia predicti Episcopus et Petrus posuerunt se coram nobis in perambulacionem illam; et quod scire faceres Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Hillarii in xv dies, sub sigillo tuo et sigillo quatuor militum ex illis qui dicte perambulacioni interfuerint, per quas metas et divisas perambulacio ilia facta fuerit; et tu, occasione xij militum, ad hoc de consensu parcium electorum, ad diem ad hoc statutum accedere nolencium, id facere nequiveris, intelleximus; nos peram bulacionem illam nolentes indebite retardari, tibi precipimus quod predictos xij milites, et alios de balliva tua, si necesse fuerit, distringas quod tecum intersint perambulacioni illi Sacramento suo faciende, ita quod fiat per certas metas et divisas, et earn scire facias prefatis Justiciariis nostris, a die Pasche in xv dies, in forma predicta. Et habeas ibi hoc breve et aliud breve. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, xxx die Decembris, anno regni nostri sexto.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 69

March 27, 1278. Details of the boundaries ascertained in the perambulation ordered.

Perambulacio facta die Dominica proxima post Festum Annunciacionis Beate Marie, anno regni Regis Edwardi sexto, per hos subscriptos, videlicet per dominos Walterum de Bukenhulle, Willelmum de Hugeford, Johannem Fitz Aere, Johannem de Ercalewe, Rogerum Springehose, Thomam Boterel, Johannem de Picheford, Walterum de Bredewardin, milites, Johannem de Esthope, Robertum de Bullers, Ricardum de Dodemanstone, et Lucam de Rutone; qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod certe mete et divise inter terras Domini Thome, Episcopi Herefordensis, in Esthamptone, et terram domini Petri Corbet in Wentenoure, incipiunt apud Bussebrok, ascendendo per Flitelefiche usque Aiswelle, et de Aiswelle ascendendo per Assebache, et de Assebache ascendendo usque in regiam viam super Longemimede.

Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire to summon John Dabitot for alleged poaching at night in the Bishop's park at Ledbury.

CORAM REGE. Breve per quod Episcopus Herefordensis implacitat Johannem Dabitot de transgressione facta in parco de Ledebury in Comitatu Herefordie.

Edwardus, etc. Si Thomas, Episcopus Herefordensis, fecerit te securum de clameo suo prosequendo, tune summoneas per vadiuin et salvos plegios Johannem Dabitot, quod sit coram nobis in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis, ubicunque, etc., ad respondendurn eidem Episcopo quare parcum suum de Ledebury fregit, et in eodem feras suas cepit noctanter contra pacem, etc. In Octabis Sancte Trinitatis Episcopus, per se vel per certum attornatum, quern vel quos faciet in dicto placito, offerat se versus dictum Johannem, et narretur erga eum secundum tenorem brevis originalis, cujus transcriptum patet inferius. Et si necesse sit, fiat mencio in dicta narracione quod idem Johannes, qui manet in Comitatu Wygornie, venit noctanter, die Lune proximo post Conversionem Sancti Pauli, anno regni Regis Efdwardi] quarto, ad parcum dicti Episcopi Herefordensis de Ledebury, qui parcus vocatur Dulingwode, et Robertus films Ricardi Dapetot cum eo, et dictum parcum fregerunt, et unam damam occiderunt et asportaverunt, etc., contra pacem, etc., ad dampnum et deterioracionem dicti Episcopi, etc. Videatur si Ricardus Dapetot nominetur in brevi. Episcopus faciat attornatum in dicto placito.

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April 23, 1276. Similar writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire.

Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Wygornie salutem. Si Thomas, etc. (v. supra). Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. Teste* meipso apud Kenyntone, xxiij die Aprilis, anno regni nostri quarto.

June 10, 1276. Writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire for the apprehension of John Dabitot, said to be living at Redmarley.

Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Wygornie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod capias Johannem Dapetot, si inventus fuerit in balliva tua, et eum salvo custodiatis, ita quod habeas corpus ejus coram nobis, a die Sancti Johannis Baptiste in xv dies, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia, ad respondendum Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, etc. Et unde tu ipse nobis mandasti, in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis, quod predictus Johannes non est inventus in balliva tua, nee aliquid habet per quod possit attachiari. Et testatum fuit in eadem Curia nostra quod predictus Johannes est vivens in Eydmerle, ad domum Galfridi Dapetot, patris sui, et ibi potest inveniri. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste W. de Hoptone, x die Junii, anno regni nostri quarto.

Feb. 13, 1278. Institution to the Vicarage of Eardisland of Richard de Wye, presented by the Abbey of Lyre.

INSTITUCIO. Thomas, etc., Ricardo de Wye, capellano, etc. Ad presentacionem Procuratoris religiosorum virorum, Abbatis et Conventus de Lyra, verorum patronorum vicarie de Erleslone, te ad ipsam vicariam admittimus et canonice instituimus in eadem, ac de ipsa per nostrum anulum investimus. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Bosebury, Idibus Februarii, anno Domini MCCLXX septimo.

June 4, 1278. Writ to the Sheriff of Shropshire directing him to appear at Westminster to answer for his neglect to make the perambulation ordered in the Suit with Peter Corbet, and to bring the names of four Knights concerned.

[Fol. 23] SALOPIA. Rex, Vicecomibi salutem. Precipimus tibi, sicut alias tibi precepimus, quod, assumptis tecum xij discretis et legalibus militibus de Comitatu tuo, in propria persona tua accedas ad terrain Thome, Episcopi Herefordensis, in Ledebury North,

Episcopi Herefordensis. 71

et terrain Petri Corebet in Cauz, et per eorum sacramentum, etc. . . Tu ipse tune sis ibi, auditurus judicium de hoc quod preceptum nostrum, prius inde tibi directum, non es executus sicut tibi preceptum fuit. Et habeas ibi nomina quatuor militum et hoc breve. Teste Rfogero] de Seytone apud Westmonasterium, iiij die Junii, anno regni nostri sexto.

Letter from the Sheriff explaining that the Jury had been duly summoned, but that they had declined to act as the full number of belted Knights was not present after some had been challenged by the defendant.

PERAMBULACIO. Sciatur quod, cum ex parte Domini Regis preceptum esset mihi quod, assumptis mecum xii discretis, etc. . . ego venire feci ad terras predictas milites subscriptos, videlicet dominurn Thomam Boterel, Johannem de Ercalewe, Willelmum de Hugeford, Walterum de Bredewardyn, Rogerum Springehose, Walterum de Bokenhulle, Adam de Mungomery, et Rogerum Pichard, milites gladio cinctos, et Robertum de Bullers, Lucam de Rutone, et Ricardum de Dodemanestone, liberos et legales homines de Comitatu predicto; in quos partes alias in predicta perambulacione facienda coram me consenserunt, eo quod, propter excepciones quasdam contra quosdam milites qui ibidem interfuerunt ex parte predicti Petri objectas, alios juraturos invenire non potui, licet predictus Episcopus ad numerum xij militum gladio cinctorum ad predictam perambulacionem faciendam perficiendum in Brianum de Bromptone, Walterum de Bromptone, et Brianum filios suos, milites, et nepotes dicti domini Petri, consensisset; quod idem Petrus penitus recusavit. Et cum predicti xij, tarn milites quam alii, jurati essent per perceptum Domini Regis ad predictam perambulacionem facien dam, et post jurarnento eorundem prout moris est onerati ad illarn perambulacionem fideliter faciendam, ipsi sic jurati ad hoc faciendum a me recesserunt; et postmodum habito inter eosdem juratos tractatu super illo negocio, ad me reversi sunt, asserentes se nullo modo perambulacionem illam facere velle, turn quod non habebant certum numerum xij militum gladio cinctorum, turn quod predictus Petrus in predictos tres liberos et legales homines de predictis xij tune noluit consentire, licet alias coram me in ipsos consensisset; unde ipse dominus Petrus inde recessit, nolens perambulacioni illi interesse, ita quod perambulacio ilia tain per

72 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

predictos xij quam predictum, licet ex parte Domini Kegis eis a me pluries ad hoc faciendum esset injunctum, adhuc remanet infecta. Et premissa vobis significo ut quod justum fuerit inde fieri facias; et predictos milites feci venire coram me ad predictas terras, ad predicta facienda, die Dominico proximo post Octabas Sancti Johannis Baptiste. Et sciatur quod maximus defectus est militum gladio cinctorum in Comitatu Salopie, ita quod vix tale [negocium] potest adirnpleri per milites gladio cinctos, nisi alii et liberi legales homines eis jungantur.

As the Sheriff had not acted on the writ instructing him to inspect with four duly qualified Knights the boundaries at Lydbury North, and report thereon, further instructions are given to go with twelve, and report to the Justices.

SALOPIA. Preceptum fuit Vicecorniti, sicut alias preceptum fuit, quod assumptis secum quatuor discrecioribus et legalibus militibus de Comitatu in propria persona sua accederet ad terram Episcopi Herefordensis de Ledebury North, et terram Petri Corbet in Cauz, ita quod perambulacio ilia, etc. Et Vicecomes nichil inde fecit. Ideo sicut pluries preceptum est Vicecomiti quod, assumptis secum vij discretis et legalibus militibus et in propria persona sua accedat, etc., ita quod perambulacio ilia fiat per certas metas et divisas, et quod scire faciat Justiciariis hie, a die Sancti Michaelis in unum mensem, sub sigillo suo et sigillis quatuor militum ex illis qui perambulacioni interfuerint, per quas metas et divisas perambulacio predicta facta fuerit. Et sciat quod graviter amerciatus est eo quod preceptum Domini Regis, pluries inde sibi directum, non est executus; et gravius amerciabitur nisi hoc preceptum Domini Regis plenius exequatur.

July 14, 1278. Writ to the Sheriff warning him that he has been fined for his neglect, and will be fined more heavily unless he obeys orders.

SALOPIA. Rex Vicecomiti salutem. Precipimus tibi, sicut pluries tibi precepimus, quod assumptis tecum xij discretis, etc. Et scias quod graviter amerciatus es, eo quod preceptum nostrum inde tibi directum non es executus sicut tibi preceptum fuit; et gravius amerciaberis nisi hoc preceptum nostrum plenius exequaris. Teste T. de Weylaunde apud Westmonasterium, xiiij die Julii, anno regni nostri sexto.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 73

Report by the Jury impanelled by the Sheriff of Shropshire as to the boundaries between the lands of the Bishop and Peter Corbet.

Placita apud Westmonasterium, a die Sancti Michaelis in umim mensem, regni Regis Edwardi anno sexto, incipiente septimo. SALOPIA. Preceptum fuit Vicecomiti quod, assumptis secum xij, etc. Et Vicecomes misit perambulacionem suam per Hugonem de Knovile, Vicecomitem Salopie, et Johannem filium Hugonis, Johannem de Ercalewe, Johannem filium Aer, Hugonem1 Burnel, Willelmum de Stapeltone, Rogerum Springehose, Thomam Boterel, Adam de Elmerugge, Petrum de Grete, Willelmum de Hugeforde, Walterum de Bokenhulle, et Rogerum Pichard, milites ad hoc juratos, qui dicunt quod predicte mete et divise sunt et esse debent a rivulo de Bussenbroke ascendendo directe usque Wistanesbache per medium Prestescroftinge et de Alwynesmore, et per medium de Wystanesbache ascendendo directe usque ad viam regalem super la Longemimede. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti quod predictam perambulacionem per predictas metas et divisas faceret teneri, etc.

Nov. 3, 1278. Writ to the Sheriff returning to him the report of boundaries to be amended.

SALOPIA. Rex, Vicecomiti salutem. Cum nuper tibi preceperimus quod, assumptis tecum, etc., tamen perambulacionem illam per xij milites ad hoc juratos factam, Justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium misisti; qui dicunt quod certe mete et divise inter terras predicti Episcopi in Ledebury North et terram predicti P[etri] in Cauz sunt et esse debent a rivulo de Bussebroke ascendendo directe usque Wistanesbache per medium Prestescroft inge et de Alwynesmore, et per medium de Wystanesbache as cendendo directe usque ad viam regalem super la Longemimede. Et ideo tibi precipirnus quod perambulacionem predictam per pre dictas metas esse facias et teneri. Teste T. de Weylonde [2] iij die Novembris, anno regni nostri sexto.

June 2, 1279. Memorandum of payment of ten pounds by Thomas de Chaivorthes.

CHAWORTHES. Memorandum quod secundo die Junii, anno Domini MCCLXX nono, apud Totenhale, solvit dominus Thomas

[1] In MS. Hogonem.
[2] In MS. Weylondone.

74 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

de Chaworthes Domino Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, decem libras pro maritagio filiarum et heredum quondam Ranulfi le Poer; et habuit inde litteras Domini de aquitancia.

May 7, 1276. Writ to the Sheriff of Shropshire repeating directions for the report of the Jury on the poachers in the episcopal woods at Eastwood while the See was void, and bidding him appear in Court to answer for his neglect.

[Fol. 24] SALOPIA: DE LEDEBURY NORTH. Edwardus, etc., Vicecomibi Salopie, salutem. Cum tibi nuper per nostras litteras preceperimus quod per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de Comitatu tuo, per quos rei veritas sciri poterit, diligenter inquireres de quibusdam transgressionibus, tempore ultime vacacionis Episcopatus Herefordensis, in bosco de Estwode, et aliis boscis pertinentibus ad castrum ejusdem Episcopatus de Ledebury North factis, et quod inquisicionem inde factam nobis mitteres sub sigillo tuo, a die Pasche in unum mensem jam preteritum, tu mandatum nostrum predictum hactenus facere non curasti, de quo miramur pariter et movemur. Et ideo tibi precipimus, sicut alias precepimus, quod dictam inquisicionem, secundum tenorem prioris mandati nostri tibi inde directi, sine dilacione facias, et earn distincte et aparte sub sigillo tuo et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit nobis mittas, ita quod earn habeamus in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia. Et tu ipse tune sis ibidem, ad respondendum de contemptu prioris mandati nostri tibi in hac parte directi. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, vij die Maii, anno regni nostri quarto.

Episcopus attornet aliquem qui sequatur pro Rege in dicto placito in Octabis Sancte Trinitatis.

Jan. 7, 1277. Letter to Master C., Canon of St. Pancras, Florence, claiming the hearing of a suit moved by the Prior and Convent of Wrokestone against William de Loges, exempted, as a Crusader, by the Second Council of Lyons from proceedings in Courts outside his own diocese.

DE CRUCESIGNATIS. Thomas, etc., magistro C. de Florentine, [1] Canonico Sancti Pancracii de Florentine, salutem in eo qui salvat sperantes in se. Felicis recordacionis Gregorius Papa nuper statuit

[1] Probably a Papal delegate.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 75

et ordinavit, in Concilio Lugdunensi, [1] ne crucesignati [2] extra suain diocesim auctoritate litterarum Apostolicarum, que de hujusmodi indulto expressam mencionem [non] fecerint, aliquatenus vocentur, dum tamen coram suis Ordinariis de se conquirentibus parati sint in forma juris respondere; et ut devocius et liberius votum suum exequi valeant, ipsos crucesignatos per locorum Ordinaries defendi et tueri precepit in premissis. Cum igitur Willelmus de Loges, crucesignatus nostre diocesis, coram vobis Londoniis per religiosos viros Priorem et Conventum de Wrokstone, contra indulti predicti tenorem, ut audivimus, indebite fuerit evocatus, paratique simus predictis religiosis in omnibus justiciam exhibere; dum tamen iidem religiosi coram nobis vel Officiali nostro jus suum contra Willelmum prosequi voluerint memoratum; dileccionem vestram requirimus et rogamus, mandantes vobis nichilominus autoritate qua fungirnur in hac parte, quatinus in causa predicta, ob reverenciam Sedis Apostolice, supersedere velitis et partes ipsas ad nostram oinnino remittatis examinacionem; tantum super hiis facientes ne quicquam grave seu molestum contra vos statuere nos oporteat, quod, novit Deus, valde faceremus inviti. Quid vero super pre dictis facere intendatis nobis per litteras vestras intimetis. Datum apud Bosebyry, in crastino Epiphanie Domini, anno ejusdem MCC septuagesimo sexto.

Nov. 26, 1276. Acknowledgment of a debt of £31 12s. 4d. for cloth bought of John de Curceles, in London, to be paid at Stamford fair.

OBLIGACIO DOMINI J[OHANNI] DE CURCELES FACTA. VACAT QUIA BESTITUITUB. Pateat universis ad quos pervenerit hec scriptura quod nos, Thomas, etc., tenemur Johanni de Curceles, mercatori, pro pannis [3] ab eo emptis et receptis Londoniis, in xxx et jli. xijs. iiijd.; quam pecuniam solvemus dicto Johanni vel suo certo Procuratori hanc scripturam restituenti in nundinis Stamfordie, anno Domini MCCLXXVI, dum durant nundine supradicte. Datum apud Westmonasterium, in crastino Saricte Katerine, anno Domini supradicto.

[1] No such regulation appears in the record of the Council of 1274 (Acta Cone, 1714); there is a similar claim of exemption in 1264; v. Papal Reg. I. 413.
[2] In MS. crucesingnati, here and elsewhere.
[3] In MS. panis.

76 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire to produce in Court the poachers in the parks at Sugwas, Colwall, Ledbury, and Upton, named in the verdict of the jury.

[Fol. 24b] Placita coram Justiciariis Domini Regis, a die Pasche in tres septimanas, videlicet coram Eege.

HEREFORDIA: DE INQUISICIONIBUS. Dominus Bex mandavit Vicecomiti Herefordie quod per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de Comitatu Herefordie per quos, etc., inquireret qui malefactores tempore vacacionis episcopatus predicti fecerint dampnum sive destruccionem in parcis de Sugwas, Colewalle, Ledebury, et Uptone. Et Vicecomes fecit inquisiciones, quas retornavit coram Justiciariis Domini Regis, a die Pasche in tres septimanas, videlicet de transgressionibus factis in parcis de Sugwas, Ledebury, Colewelle, et Uptone; per quas preceptum fuit Vicecomiti quod caperet corpora malefactorum ita quod haberet corpora coram Eege, a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies.

Similar writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire.

WYGORNIA: DE INQUISICIONIBUS. Idem breve in Comitatu Wygornie retornatum ad eundern diem, ut patet alibi. Quere per hoc sigQum1

Grant of a messuage in Boss to Henry de Lacu, at a rent-charge of twenty silver pennies.

CARTA HENRICI DE LACU. Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptura perveniet, Thomas, etc. Noveritis nos dedisse et concessisse, et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse, Henrico de Lacu, pro servicio suo, unum mesuagium cum pertinenciis suis in villa de Ros, jacens videlicet inter curtilagium ad manerium nostrum de Ros pertinens et regiam viam ducentem versus passagium de Wyltone; quod continet in longitudine xlviij pedes et in latitudine xxx pedes; tenendum et habendum sibi et heredibus suis, vel suis assignatis, de nobis et successoribus nostris in feodo et hereditate, libere et quiete, bene et in pace, in omnibus rebus et locis et libertatibus in perpetuum. Reddendo inde annuatim nobis et successoribus nostris ipse et heredes sui, vel assignati sui, xx denarios argenti ad quatuor terminos anni in villa de Ros

[1] Space was left opposite to this for a device to be drawn, but it was not filled up.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 77

constitutos, pro omni servicio, consuetudine, exaccione et seculari demanda, que ad terram pertinet vel pertinere possit, salvo regali servicio ad tantum tenementum pertinente in villa de Ros. Nos vero et successores nostri predictum mesuagium cum pertinenciis suis dicto Henrico, et heredibus suis vel assignatis, contra omnes homines et feminas in perpetuum warantizabimus. Et ut hec nostra donacio et concessio rata et stabilis perseveret, earn presenti scripto et sigilli nostri munimine confirrnavimus, hiis testibus, Thoma Coco, Reginaldo Tinctore, Waltero ad Molendinum, Willelmo Pyte, Reginaldo le Mazim, Adam le Mercer, Johanne Godmon, et multis aliis.

Grant of a messuage in Ross to Adam Harpin, at a rent-charge of twenty-two silver pennies.

CARTA ADE HAKPINI.- Omnibus, etc., Thomas de Cantilupo, etc. Noveritis nos dedisse, etc., Ade Harpino, etc. . ut supra; quod continet in longitudine lijos pedes et in latitudine xxx pedes; tenendum, etc., Reddendo, etc. . ut supra, xxij denarios argenti, ad quatuor terminos, etc. . hiis testibus, Thoma Coco, etc.

Writ to the Sheriff of Herefordshire acknowledging his report that the poachers in the parks of Sugwas, etc., were not to be found in his bailiwick.

[Fol. 25] CORAM REGE: HEREFORDE. Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Herefordie, salutem. Precepimus tibi quod capias Rogerum Pichard, Johannem de la Mere, Walterum Bras, Rogerum Brooke, Johannem le Blunt, parcarium, Johannem Legat, Johannem de Belni, David Treye, Philippum Chinbern, Willelmum nlium Willelmi Camerarii de Masingetone, Philippum de Masingetone, Walterum nlium Roberti de la Putte, Ricardurn de la Hulle, Walterum de Balun, Willelmum forestarium de Markle, Walterum de la Dene, Johannem de la Leghe, Willelmum Cokkel, et Stephanum Avenel de Marcleye, et eos in prisona nostra salvo custodias, ita quod corpora eorum sint coram nobis, a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia, ad respondendum nobis de placito quare venerunt ad parcos Episcopatus Herefordensis de Sugwas, Ledebury, Colewelle, et Uptone, tempore vacacionis ejusdem Epis copatus in manu nostra existentes, et parcos illos fregerunt et in eis fugaverunt et feras ceperunt, et arbores ibidem crescentes.

78 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

succiderunt et asportaverunt, in nostrum contemptum et contra pacem nostram, ut dicitur. Et unde tu ipse mandasti nobis, a die Pasche in tres septimanas, quod predicti Rogerus, Johannes, Walterus, Rogerus, Johannes, Johannes, Johannes, David, Philippus, Willelmus, Philippus, Walterus, Ricardus, Walterus, Johannes, Willelmus, et Stephanus non sunt in balliva tua nee aliquid habent per quod possint attachiari. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste E[adulfo] de Hengham.

Writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire to attach some of the trespassers in the parks and bind them by bail and sureties to appear in Court.

CORAM REGE: WYGORNIE. Edwardus, etc., Vicecomiti Wygornie, salutem. Precepimus tibi quatinus ponas per vadium et salvos plegios Henricum Baret, Walterum filium Johannis de Masingetone, Johannem de la felde de Revipele, et Seysel de la felde, quod sint coram nobis, a die Sancte Trinitatis in xv dies, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Anglia, ad respondendum nobis de placito, etc., ut supra. Et unde Vicecomes noster Herefordie nobis mandavit, a die Pasche in tres septimanas, quod dicti Henricus et alii non sunt inventi in balliva sua nee aliquid habent per quod possint attachiari. Et testatum fuit in eadem curia quod predicti Henricus et alii habuerunt terras et tenementa ad sumcienter in balliva tua ubi possunt attachiari. Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. Teste, ut supra.

May 15, 1276. Memorandum that proceedings against Hervey de Borham, the Precentor, for plurality of ecclesiastical benefices, are adjourned until certain privileges exhibited have been examined.

[Fol. 25b] HERVEUS DE BORHAM. Memorandum quod anno Domini MCCLXX sexto, die Lune proximo post Festum Ascensionis Domini, comparente coram, nobis Thoma, Dei gracia Episcopo Herefordensi, in ecclesia de Kensington, Londoniensis diocesis, magistro Roberto de Eos, Procuratore domini Hervei de Borham, Precentoris Herefordensis, cum speciali potestate et mandato ejusdem Precentoris ad consenciendum nostro decreto; interponendo etiam extra territorium nostre jurisdiccionis super prorogacione negocii in quo, auctoritate nostra, ex officio contra memoratum.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 79

Precentorem super beneficiorum et dignitatum pluralitate proceditur; exhibito nobis prius per eundem Procuratorem tenore quorundam privilegiorum dicti Precentoris in formam publicam sub manu notarii publici, ut videbatur, redacto, unacum tenore auctoritatis dicti tabellionis seu notarii, sub sigillo officialitatis Londoniensis, et Abbatis Westmonasterii, dictorumque instrumentorum penes nos copia remanente; volentes super hiis et aliis negocium antedictum tangentibus, tractatu prehabito diligenti, plenius informari, et in negocio hujusmodi secundum juris exigenciain cuni debita maturitate procedere, negocium memoratum sub forma infrascripta, de consensu dicti Procuratoris expresso, duximus deferendum seu etiam prorogandurn, quousque Precentori predicto aliud super hoc dederimus in mandatis; videlicet ut, monicione competenti prehabita, dictus Precentor per se vel Procuratorem ydoneum, secundum formam citacionis per nos sibi faciende, compareat in dicto negocio secundum retroactorum tenorem legittime processurus.

May 15. Appointment of Robert de Ross as Proctor for Hervey de Borham.

HERVEUS DE BORHAM. Reverendo in Christo Patri, Domino Tbome, Dei gracia Herefordensi Episcopo, suus films devotus, Herveus de Borham, Precentor ejusdem, salutem, obedienciam, reverenciam, et honorem. Ad consenciendum specialiter nomine nostro ut negocium quo autoritate vestra, seu per vos ex officio, contra nos super beneficiorum et dignitatum pluralitate proceditur a vobis, ubicunque fueritis, eciam extra territorium vestre jurisdiccionis, ulterius prorogetur seu differatur, et vestrum decretum super hoc admittendum, dilectum nobis magistrum Robertum de Ros Procuratorem nostrum facimus specialem, raturn habiturus quicquid idem Robertus nostro nomine fecerit in premissis. Datum Londoniis et nostro sigillo signatum, Idibus Maii.

May 11, 1276. Letter to the Prior and Convent of Leominster ad journing further the visitation already announced and deferred.

LEOMINISTRE: PRO VISITACIONE. Thomas, etc., dilectis filiis, Priori et Conventui de Leominstre, etc. Dudum in monasterio vestro tempore quadragesime existentes visitacionis officium in vobis et ipso monasterio proposuimus exercere. Quod cum ad preces vestras distulimus ex causa usque in crastinum Sancte

80 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Trinitatis proximo nunc venturum, quern terminum vobis duximus assignanduru ad id faciendum circa visitacionem hu]usmodi quod tune fecisse debuimus; quia vero in dicto termino in vestro monasterio presentes esse non possumus, aliis negociis prepediti, vobis constare facimus per presentes quod in crastino Sancti Laurencii in vestro monasterio erimus ad visitacionis officium, auctore Domino, exercendum. Quocirca vobis mandamus quod dicta die omnes sitis presentes ibidem, et habeatis parata omnia que visitacio predicta requirit. Valeatis. Datum apud Kensingtone, v Idus Maii, Pontificatus nostri anno primo. Defectus eciam quos, cum ibi essemus, [Fol. 26] invenimus, et quos per vos mandavimus postea emendari, taliter corrigere studeatis, ne ad penam vobis ob vestram negligenciam infligendam procedere debeamus; quod procul dubio faciemus, nisi circa predicta manum velitis apponere correctricem.

May 12. Mandate to his bailiff at Whitbourne to allow Roger de Evesham pasturage for goats, and husbote and heybote, as before; he is not to have seisin till the Bishop comes there.

WYTEBUKNE: PRO R[OGERO] DE EVESHAM. Thomas, etc., Willelmo de Chiltebam, ballivo suo de Wyteburne, etc. Man damus vobis quod permittatis dominum Rogerum de Evesham habere per plevinam pasturam ad capras suas et husbotarn et heybotam sicut tempore nostro hactenus habuit; ita quod per hoc quietam seysinam non habeat donee in Episcopatum nostrum personaliter veniamus. Valeatis. Datum apud Westmonasterium, iiij Idus Maii.

Memorandum. The right of giving in marriage the heirs of William Marmion is transferred to the Bishop for 250 marks. Their wardship was offered to him for 300 marks, but not accepted. For the estate, till the heirs were of age, he offered £100.

Memorandum quod dominus Philippus Marmiun [1] concessit Domino maritagium Johannis, filii et heredis domini Willelmi Marmyun, et aliorum heredum dicti Willelmi, infra etatem existencium, pro CCL marcis. Item wardam eorumdem heredum optulit dictus Philippus pro CCC marcis; tamen inde non est conventum. Offert Dominus pro ward a terrarum Willelmi Marmion usque ad plenam etatem Johannis heredis Willelmi, et aliorum heredum

[1] Philip Marmion, who held Tarmvorth as hereditary champion of England, had married Joanna de Kilpeck, a ward of William de Cantilupe, the second baron.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 81

infra etatem existencium, centum libras; ita ut ab Octabis Sancte Trinitatis proximo venture omnes proventus sint sui, unacum omnibus escaetis et juribus que ad dictum Philippum vel heredes suos racione dicte warde possent pertinere. Et de hoc faciat cartam suam pro se et heredibus suis cum warancia; et quod istud recognoscat in Curia Domini Regis. Et petit Dominus quod istas CCCC marcas possit solvere infra duos annos, et ipse inde faciet bonam obligacionem.

June 9. Letters of recall were presented by Hugh de Newenton, but he had to present himself again with proofs of the genuine ness of the seals and evidence of title. [1]

v Idus Junii, apud Kensingtone, in camera Abbatis de Abyndone, comparuit coram Domino Episcopo Herefordensi Hugo de Newentone, capellanus, exibens unani litteram revocacionis sigillo Henrici de Kingesemede sigillatam, ut dixit, et aliam sigillatam sigillo Archidiaconi Herefordensis, ut dixit. Querebat autem Dominus ab eo an probaciones sigilli sufficientes haberec, et dixit se habere tantummodo unum testem, quern, quia non potuit facere plenam fidem, Dominus non admisit, set prefixit dicto Hugoni diem Dominicam proximam ante Festum nativitatis Sancti Johannis Baptiste, qua compareat coram eo vel suis commissariis apud Prestebury, exhibiturus probaciones et alia jura que pro se babet in negocio presentacionis ad ecclesiam de Actone in Longefelde; salvo dicto Episcopo et eidem Hugoni jure quod utrique competit in ecclesia memorata. Episcopus contulit ei ecclesiam per lapsum temporis, ut sequitur.

June 21. Institution to the Church of Acton Scott of Hugh de Newenton, priest, presented by Walter le Seculer, Reginald le Scott, and Robert de Stretton. The right of presentation had lapsed to the Bishop. Mandate for induction.

ACTONE IN LONGEFELDE. Thomas, etc. Hugoni de Newtone, presbitero, salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Actone in Longefelde te, ad presentacionem dilectorum filiorum Walteri, dieti le Seculer, Reginaldi le Scot, et Roberti de Strettone, clerici, verorum patronorum [2] ejusdem, admittimus, et canonice instituimus in eadem, secundum formam constitucionis in proximo preterito Lugdunensi Concilio promulgate. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Bromyard, xj Kalendas

[1] This and the next entry in the Register appear to have been cancelled.
[2] They were co-parceners in the Manor, which had belonged to six. Eyton, Shropshire xi 380.

82 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Julii. Quia collata est ei per lapsum temporis per Episcopum, ut sequitur, mandatum est Officiali quod inducat eum in corporalem possessionem.

June 21. Institution to the Church of Aylton of Adam de Wistanstow, presented by Raymund de Haumon. Mandate of induction.

[Fol 26b] Thomas, etc., Ade de Wistanestowe, presbitero, salutem, etc. Ad ecclesiam de Alhamstone te ad presentacionem Beymundi de Haumon, veri patroni ejusdem, admittimus et canonice iostituimus in eadem, secundum formam Constitucionis in proximo preterite Lugdunensi Concilio promulgate. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Bromyard, xj Kalendas Julii. Mandatum est Officiali quod inducat eurn in corporalem pos sessionem.

Collation by lapse and institution of Hugh de Newton to the Church of Acton Scott (as above).

ACTONE IN LONGEFBLD. Thomas, etc., Hugoni de Neutone, presbitero, salutem, etc. Ecclesiam de Actone in Longefeld, ad nostram collacionem per lapsum temporis devolutam, tibi conferimus intuitu caritatis. In cujus rei, etc. Datum apud Bromyard xj Kalendas Julii.

Mandatum est Officiali quod inducat Hugonem in possessionem [corporalem].

June 24. Custody of the Church of Willey committed to Adam de Wheathill, acolyte. Mandate of induction.

WYLILEYE. Commissa est custodia ecclesie de Wylileye Ade de Wetenhale, acolito; et mandatum est Officiali quod inducat eum in corporalem possessionem. Datum apud Castrum Episcopi viij Kalendas Julii.

June 25. Custody of the Church of Little Wenlock committed to John de Romsey, acolyte, till Michaelmas. Mandate of induction.

PAKVA WENLAKE. Commissa est custodia ecclesie de Parva Wenlake Johanni de Eomeseye, acolito, usque ad Festum Sancti Michaelis; et mandatum est Officiali quod inducat eum, etc. Datum apud Wygemor, vij Kalendas Julii.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 83

Letter to the bailiffs of Hereford requiring satisfaction for the violation of ecclesiastical rights in refusing to hand over the keys of the City during the fair-time.

PRO NUNDINIS DOMINI HEREFORDENSIS. Waltero de la Barre, Reginaldo Maniworde, Ricardo le Husser, ballivis et aliis probis hominibus Herefordensibus salutem in salutis Auctore. Cum, sicut didicimus a nostris fidelibus et juratis, predecessores nostri, Episcopi Herefordenses, suo et Ecclesie nostre nomine, in possessione vel quasi bujus libertatis extiterint ab antiquo, [et] annis singulis tempore nundinarum Sancti Ethelberti Herefordensis, in ipsarum inicio civitatis Herefordensis portarum et clavium earundem custodia ballivis ipsorum Episcoporum tradi consueverit, habenda pacifice et quiete durantibus nundinis memoratis; vos, ut accepimus, in proximo preteritis nundinis Sancti Ethelberti dictam custodiam et claves in forma predicta nostris ballivis liberare contra justiciam recusastis, licet super hoc per eos fuissetis pluries requisiti. Cumque dilectus filius, Officialis noster, vos in dicta contradiccione perdurare conspiceret, vos canonice monuit et curialiter requisivit ut ballivis nostris nostro nomine liberare dictam custodiam secundum prius optentam consuetudinem curaretis; quod tamen hactenus renuistis facere, in nostrum et ecclesie nostre prejudicium non modicum ac vestrarum periculum animarurn et contemptum. Cum itaque libertaturn et jurium Ecclesie in premissis aut aliis spoliatores non dubiurn sit sentenciam excommunicacionis incurrere, licet vestram inobedienciam induratam animadversione gravi punire possemus, volentes tamen erga vos mitius agere in hac parte, vos iterum requirimus et in Domino monemus quatinus citra Festum Sancti Petri ad vincula proximo sequens super transgressione predicta nobis et ecclesie nostre curetis satisfacere competenter, Alioquin ad vestram inobedienciam et superbiam puniendam per utriusque brachii potestatem quatenus poterimus auctore Domino procedemus. Quid autem super premissis facere volueritis nobis per latorem presencium rescribatis. July 8. Mandate to Luke de Bree to install Edmund Mortimer in the prebend vacated by Peter de Radnor, and also Uichard de Stratford in that vacated by Edmund Mortimer. Thomas, etc., magistro L[uce] de Bree, Canonico Herefordensi, salutem, etc. Quia dilecto filio, domino Edmundo de Mortuo Mari, prebendam que fuit magistri Petri de Eadenoure in Ecclesia

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Herefordensi, ut scitis, et prebendam que prius fuit domini Edmundi in ecclesia predicta, caro nostro magistro Ricardo de Stratford contulimus intuitu caritatis, vobis mandamus quatinus dictos Edmundum et Ricardum quemlibet in sue prebende possessionem corporalem cum pertinenciis inducatis, etc. Datum Cantuarie, viij Idus Julii.

July 9, 1276. Writ to the Sheriff of Worcestershire to distrain on the Earl of Gloucester.

[Fol. 27] Rex Vicecomiti Wygornie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod distringas Gilbertum de Clare, etc. . . ut supra (p. 53). Teste R[adulfo] de Hengham apud Reyleye, ix die Julii, anno regni nostri quarto.

Similar writ to the Sheriff of Gloucestershire.

Rex Vicecomiti Gloucestrie salutem. Precipimus tibi, sicut alias tibi precepimus, quod non omittas propter libertates de Thekesbyre et Thornbure quin distringas Gilbertum de Clare, etc.; et quod habeas corpus ejus coram nobis a die Sancti Michaelis in xv dies ubicunque, etc.; ad respondendum Thome, Episcopo Here fordensi, de placito quare, etc. Precipimus eciam tibi quod non omittas propter eandem libertatem quin habeas coram nobis ad prefatum terminum xl solidos quos fieri fecisti de exitibus predicti Episcopi, prout nobis mandasti a die Sancti Johannis Baptiste in xv dies, Alioquin de terris et catallis tuis fieri faciemus. Et habeas ibi hoc breve. Teste, etc.

June 14, 1276. Letter of Humbert de Yanua, Chanter of the new Church of St. Catherine, at Aquabella, submitting himself unreservedly to the decision of the Bishop in the disputed claim to the prebend of Inkberrow, which was before the Papal Court. June 21, 1276. Similar letter of William Ruffus, presbyter. The Bishop's decision in favour of William Huffus.

Omnibus Christi fidelibus presentes litteras inspecturis, Thomas, etc., salutem in Domino sempiternam. Litteras Reverendi Patris, Domini Girardi, Dei gracia Episcopi Virdunensis, et domini Humberti de Yanua, presbiteri, ecclesie nove Beate Katerine de Aqua Bella1 Cantoris, sigillis munitas et ex parte dicti Humberti

[1] This Collegiate Church was founded by Bishop Peter de Aquablanca for a Provost and twelve prebendaries on the model of Hereford Cathedral; v. Introduction.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 85

nobis exhibitas, recepimus in hec verba, Qniversis presentes litteras visuris vel audituris, Humbertus de Yanua, Ecclesie nove Beate Katerine de Aqua Bella Cantor, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra quod in causa seu questione que vertitur in Curia Romana inter me, Humberfcum predictum, ex una parte, ac dominum Willelmum Ruffurn ex altera, super prebenda de Ynteberge in Ecclesia Herefordensi, suppono et subicio me totaliter ordinacioni Reverendi Patris, Domini Thome, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopi; ratum et gratum habiturus quicquid per dictum Reverendum Patrem, Dominum Episcopum, ordinatum fuerit in premissis; promittens eciam juramento ad Sancta Dei Evangelia corporaliter prestito, et sub obligacione omnium bonorum meorum ecclesiasticorum et mundanorum, me contra ordinacionem dicti Reverendi Patris de jure et de facto, per me vel per alium, in aliquo non venturum; renuncians in hoc facto excepcioni doli, metus, et in factum, [1] et omni alii juris auxilio tarn canonici quam civilis, et specialiter juri dicenti generalem renunciacionem non valere; renuncians eciam, postquam dicta ordinacio promulgata fuerit a dicto Domino Episcopo, omnibus litteris super hoc impetratis et eciam impetrandis imposterum, quas extunc volo viribus carere et penitus nullas esse. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum Reverendi Patris Girardi, Dei gracia Virdunensis Episcopi, una cum sigillo meo, presentibus litteris rogavi apponi. Nos vero, Virdunensis Episcopus, ad rogatum dicti Humberti sigillum nostrum, una cum sigillo ejusdem, presentibus litteris duximus apponendum in testi monium veritatis. Datum xviij Kalendas mensis Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto.

Litteras eciam domini Willelmi Kuffi, presbiteri, et Officialis Herefordensis sigillis signatas, et per eundem Willelmum nobis [Fol. 27b] traditas, recepimus in forma inferius annotata, Universis presentes litteras visuris vel audituris, Willelmus Ruffus, presbiter, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra quod in causa seu questione que vertitur in Curia Romana inter dominum Humbertum de Yanua, ecclesie nove Beate Katerine de Aqua Bella Cantorem, ex parte una, et me Willelmum predictum ex altera, super prebenda de Ynteberge in Ecclesia Herefordensi, suppono et subicio me totaliter ordinacioni Reverendi Patris, Domini Thome, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopi, ratum et gratum habiturus, etc. . . ut supra. Nos vero, Officialis Herefordensis, ad predicti

[1] These are technical pleas of the Civil law.

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Willelmi instanciam sigillum nostrum apposuimus huic scripto in testimonium veritatis. Datum apud Bromyard, xj Kalendas Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto. Cum itaque ex inspeccione dictarum litterarum liquido nobis constet prefatos Humberturn et Willelmum se ordinacioni nostre in causa seu questione super prebenda de Ynteberge in Ecclesia Herefordensi totaliter subjecisse, memoratum Humbertum per Girardum de Ogina, personam de Colewalle, Procuratorem suum legittime constitutum per suas patentes litteras nobis exhibitas, quarum tenor talis est Universis presentes litteras visuris vel audituris Humbertus de Yanua, ecclesie nove Beate Katerine de Aqua Bella Cantor, salutem, etc. Cum in causa seu questione que vertitur in Curia Eomana, etc., supposuerim me totaliter ordinacioni Reverendi Patris, Domini Thome, Dei gracia Episcopi Herefordensis, et idem Reverendus Pater micbi diem assignaverit apud Prestebury, die Dominica ante Nativitatem Beati Johannis Baptiste proximo venturam, ad ordinandum de premissis; et dicte diei interesse non valeam, variis occupacionibus impeditus, discretum virum Gererdum [1] de Ogina, personam de Colewelle, Herefordensis diocesis, meum constituo, facio, et ordino Procuratorem, dans eidem plenam et liberam potestatem supponendi se nomine meo, et me per ipsum, ordinacioni predicti Keverendi Patris, Domini Thome, Dei gracia Herefordensis Episcopi, et jnrandi in animam meam, et audiendi ordinacionem quam idem Reverendus Pater in premissis duxerit faciendam, et omnia alia faciendi que ego facerem, vel facere possem, si presencialiter presens essem; ratum et gratum habiturus, etc. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum Reverendi Domini Girardi, Dei gracia Virdunensis Episcopi, una cum sigillo meo presentibus litteris rogavi apponi. Nos vero, predictus Virdunensis Episcopus, ad rogatum dicti Humberti, sigillum nostrum, una cum sigillo ejusdern, pre sentibus litteris duximus apponendum in testimonium veritatis. Datum xviii Kalendas Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto. Et predicto Willelmo personaliter apud Bromyard comparente coram nobis, prestitoque a partibus de ordinacione nostra in omnibus observanda ad Sancta Dei Evangelia corporaliter juramento, ac instanter petentibus ut ad ordinacionem faciendam super causa seu questione predicta procedere curaremus; nos, consideratis et ponderatis omnibus circumstanciis predictam questionem contingentibus undecunque, ipsi questioni finem imponere cupientes, ad

[1] The spelling, it will be noted, is somewhat capricious here, as in the case of Colewelle, parochia, and other words.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 87

ordinacionem super ea faciendam equitate pensata procedimus in hac parte.

[Fol. 28] In nomine Sancte et Individue Trinitatis. Nos, Thomas, miseracione divina Episcopus Herefordensis, in causa seu questione, etc. . . ut supra, dicimus, ordinamus, et diffinimus inter partes predictas quod dictus Humbertus super predicta prebenda de Ynteberge, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, cedat penitus omni liti et accioni sibi super ea quomodolibet competenti, et reddat nobis suas litteras apostolicas quas habet super ea, et totum processum habitum de eadem; et quod dominus Willelmus Buffus predictam prebendam de Ynteberge teneat intitulatam, quoad vixerit, pacifice et quiete; et quod pro bono pacis et redempcione expensarum et laborum dicti Humberti in lite predicta solvat dictus Willelmus dicto Humberto quatuor viginti et decem libras sterlingorum in terminis infra scriptis et locis; videlicet, in Festo Sancti Michaelis, Archangeli, anni presentis, unam medietatem apud Novum Templum Londoniarum; et in proximo Festo Sancti Ethelberti, aliam medie tatem in Ecclesia Cathedrali Herefordensi; et quod ad dictam summam pecunie dictis locis et terminis persolvendam se obliget, sicut duximus ordinandum; reservantes nobis potestatem partes compellendi, sine strepitu judiciali, ad premissa omnia observanda. Et ad perpetuam memoriam premissorum presentem paginam sigillo nostro fecimus communiri. Datum et attestatum apud Bromyard, xi Kalendas Julii, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto, Pontificatus nostri primo.

Aug. 11, 1276. Formal notice of intended Visitation given to the Prior and Convent of Leominster.

LEOMINSTRE. Cum nos, Thomas, etc., in crastino Sancti Laurencii terminum peremptorium vobis dederimus ad visitandum vos Priorem et Conventum Leoministrie et monasterium vestrum, nichilque fuisset per vos ea die propositum quod nos a visitacione predicta impedire deberet, licet super hoc essetis sepius requisiti, ad vestram supplicacionem et peticionem assiduam, de consensu vestro expresso, terminum precisum et peremptorium vobis damus et prefigimus die Sabbati proxima ante Festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis quod omnes et singuli compareatis coram nobis in Capitulo monasterii predicti, visitacionem nostram precise admissuri, quani tune facere intendimus, Domino annuente, prout officii nostri cura requirit. Actum in Capitulo Leominstrie die Martis in crastino

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Sancti Laurencii, presentibus domino Eadmundo de Mortuo Mari, domino Willelmo Bufo, magistris Willelmo de la Haye, Luca de Bree, Philippo de Kynardesleye, Johanne de Wygemor, Rogero de Sevenake, Gilberto de Heywode, Johanne de Croft, Johanne de Clare, Johanne de Wymbeldone. Dominus autem Prior cum Conventu presentes dicte prefixcioni coram nobis expresse consenserunt. Aug. 13. Mandate to the Succentor of the Cathedral to cite Hervey de Borham, Dean of St. Paul's, to appear before the Bishop to answer for plurality of benefices. CITACIO H[ERVEI] DE BOKHAM. Thomas, etc., Succentori ejusdem Ecclesie, salutem, etc. Cum negociutn quo ex officio nostro contra discretum virum, dominum H [erveurn] de Borham, Decanum Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, super pluralitate beneficiorum et dignitatum aliquamdiu duximus procedendum, certis ex causis hactenus fuerit protelatum, et in ipsius dicti H [ervei] et multorum aliorum periculum, ut timemus, idem negocium adhuc remaneat indecisum ; volentes secundum Deum et justiciam in negocio procedere memorato, vobis mandamus firmiter iujungentes quatinus predictum H [erveum] citetis peremptorie quod compareat coram nobis, vel commissariis nostris, in ecclesia parochiali de Dymmok, die Sabbati proximo post Festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis, in dicto negocio secundum retroacta processurus, etc. Et quid super hujus mandati nostri execucione feceritis, etc. Datum apud Wytheburne, Idibus Augusti.

Aug. 13. Mandate to the Prior and Convent of Leominster to give free access to the Church, as has been repeatedly enjoined.

LEOMINSTBE. Thomas, etc., Domino Priori et Conventui Leominstrie salutem, etc. Licet vobis alias dederimus in mandatis quod quamdam portam versus ecclesiam parochialem citra Festum Sancte Trinitatis proximo preteritum amovere faceretis, ex cujus porte clausura multa et varia pericula iminebant, prout in litteris nostris vobis super hoc directis plenius continetur, lapsoque termino predicto, quia illud mandatum nostrum exequi non curastis, [Fol. 28b] vos inobedientes merito reputaverimus et conturnaces, quarum penam nobis reservavimus vobis pro tempore infligendam; ac iterate idem mandatum nostrum citra Festum Beati Laurencii

Episcopi Herefordensis. 89

proximo preteritum, sine ulteriori dilacione injunxerimus adimplendum; vos tamen spretis et contemptis mandatis nostris dictam portam amovere, non sine nota multiplicate inobediencie, neglexistis in nostri contemptum et ipsorum parochianorum prejudicium et non modicum gravamen. Quocirca vobis mandamus, sub pena viginti librarum, nichilominus striccius injungentes quatinus infra quindecim dies a tempore recepcionis harum portam predictam amovere faciatis, ut ita parrochianis et aliis ingredi volentibus ad ecclesiam sine ipsius porte impedimento liber pateat accessus infuturum. Pro multiplicatis vero contumacia vestra et inobediencia tociens contractis penas debitas, prout nobis videbitur expedire, sicut prius vobis reservavimus infligendas. Datum apud Wytheburne, Idibus Augusti.

Aug. 15, 1276. Mortgage of lands at Sevenhampton by Ralph Musard de Fresne to the Bishop for four years, for forty shillings, a house and garden and coppice with certain rights of way being reserved. The Bishop will allow to Ralph the thirty-two shillings due as annual rent to himself, and two shillings and fourpence yearly in addition.

EADULFUS MUSAET DE PEESTEBUEY. Hec est convencio facta inter Venerabilem Patrem, Dominum Thomam, etc., ex parte una, et Radulfum Musard de Fraxinea, ex altera, videlicet quod dictus Radulfus tradidit et obligavit dicto Domino Episcopo, et heredibus suis vel assignatis, totam terram suam quam habebat, vel habere debebat, in parochia de Sevenhamptone, cum omnibus pertinenciis, pratis, pascuis, pasturis, nemoribus, aquis, viis et semitis, a Festo Assumpcionis Sancte Marie, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto, usque ad terminum quatuor annorum continue sequencium completorum. Retinuit vero dictus Radulfus ad opus suum domos suas cum orto, et unam semitam eundi ad fontem suum ad hauriendam aquam suam, et pasturam vie que ducit versus ecclesiam et versus regalem viam a domo sua. Tamen licebit bene Domino Episcopo ire per eandem viam cum plaustris, carectis et averiis, quandocunque necesse habebit. Retinuit vero sibi dictus Radulfus boscum [1] in nemore suo ad opus suum, ita tamen quod non possit alicui de dicto bosco vendere, dare, vel irradicare. Promisit autem dictus Radulfus per sacramentum suum pro se et heredibus suis vel assignatis [2] dicto Domino Episcopo, et heredibus suis vel assignatis,

[1] In MS. boscam.
[2] In MS. assingnatis.

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dictam terram cum omnibus pertinenciis salvare, defendere, manutenere, et warentizare contra omnes, usque ad dictum terminum. Pro hac autem tradicione et obligacione mutuavit eidem Radulfo dictus Dominus Episcopus quadraginta solidos bonorum et legalium sterlingorum pre manibus; quos quadraginta solidos dictus Badulfus vel heredes sui debent solvere vel restituere dicto Domino Episcopo, vel assignatis suis, in fine termini superius nominati, vel ante predictum terminum si dictus Radulfus sit potens de quadraginta solidis sibi solvendis. Et bene licebit dicto Radulfo, vel heredibus suis, solucione quadraginta solidorum facta, intrare in terra sua sine aliquo impedimento, salvis dicto Episcopo, et heredibus vel assignatis suis, fructibus suis tune exstantibus in terra predicta, et aliis impensis quas fecerit circa melioracionem ejusdem terre. Si vero dictus Radulfus vel heredes sui infra terminum supradictum dictam solucionem non fecerint, tenebit dictus Dominus Episcopus, vel assignati sui, dictam terram cum omnibus pertinenciis suis de anno in annum, quousque sibi sit, vel assignatis suis, de quadraginta solidis plenarie satisfactum, et de fructibus et expensis suis, ut predictum est. Allocabit autem dictus Dominus Episcopus, vel assignati sui, dicto Radulfo, vel heredibus suis, quolibet anno dum terra fuerit in manu Domini, triginta duos solidos sterlingorum, de quibus dicta terra onerata est in redditu debito dicto Domino Episcopo ad quatuor anni terminos usuales. Reddet vero dictus Dominus Episcopus, vel assig nati sui, dicto Radulfo, vel heredibus suis, duos solidos et quatuor denarios annuatim que excedunt extentam [1] dicte terre ultra redditum debitum et consuetum. Ad hec vero omnia premissa et singula fideliter observare et in nullo contravenire dictus Dominus Episcopus et Radulfus huic scripto sigilla sua, ad modum cyrographi facto, apposuerunt in testimonium veritatis; hiis testibus, Willelmo Symond de Prestebury, Philippe des Yvetens, Willelmo le Hore de Chiltham, Hugone clerico, Johanne Andreu, Radulfo Fraunceys, Johanne Saumun, capellano, Galfrido Davy, et Girardo tune ballivo de Prestbury, et multis aliis.

[1] In MS. exstentam.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 91

Nov., 1262. Royal mandate to enroll the agreement between Bishop Peter with the Chapter on the one side and the citizens of Hereford on the other. The agreement provided for the Bishop and the Chapter the right of assize of bread and beer, use of the town pillory and ducking-stool, freedom of barter for their tenants in Hereford and for tradesmen in Bromyard, Ledbury, Boss, and Preston. Further arrangements were made as regards legacies by townsmen to the Cathedral, the market at Preston, and the repairs of the walls.

DE LIBERTATIBUS ECCLESIE HEREFORDENSIS, CONTENTIS IN QUADAM COMPOSICIONE INTER EPISCOPUM, DECANUM ET CAPITULUM, ET GIVES DOMINI REGIS HEREFORDENSES. Quindena Sancti Martini et Octabis, anno regni Regis Henrici, filii Regis Johannis, xlvij coram Justiciariis de Banco.

HEREFORDIA. Dominus Rex mandavit hie quod, cum reformacio pacis inter P[etrum], Episcopum Herefordensem, Decanum et Capitulum ejusdem loci, et cives ejusdem civitatis, super quibusdam [Fol. 29] contencionibus inter eosdem Episcopum, Decanum et Capitulum, et prefatos cives dudum prehabitis coram Justiciariis hie esset retractata et ostensa, eandem pacem aperte et distincte inrotulari facerent; ita quod temporibus futuris et audita et inspecta fuerint predicta scripta a Justiciariis; quorum alteri parti appensa fuerunt sigilla predicti Episcopi, Decani et Capituli, et alteri parti sigillum communitatis predicte civitatis; quorum tenor est talis, Memorandum quod, cum mota esset controversia inter Yenerabilem Patrem Episcopum Petrum, Decanum et Capitulum Herefordense, ex parte una, et cives Herefordenses, homines Domini Regis, ex altera, super quibusdam libertatibus et aliis juribus, inter eos in forma subscripta amicabiliter convenit; videlicet quod predicti cives, homines Domini Regis, quantum in eis est concesserunt pro se et heredibus suis, quod predicti Episcopus, Decanus et Capitulum, et Caiionici, et eorum successores, habeant in perpetuum, pacifice et sine aliqua reclamacione dictorum civium vel heredum suorum, assisam panis et cerevisie de omnibus hominibus suis tenentibus de eisdem in capite, et de omnibus aliis manentibus in eorum terris et feodis in civitate Herefordensi et in suburbio ejusdem civitatis; nee dicti cives intrabunt terras vel feoda predicta pro aliquibus attachiamentis faciendis. Et si contingat aliquem de hominibus dictorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli per ballivos Domini Regis attachiari pro delicto assise panis et cerevisie non servate, restituetur de curia dictorum civium, quam

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habent de Domino Eege, ballivis dictorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli cum delicto suo pro quo fuit attachiatus, et in ipsorum curia judicium suum recipiet et punietur. Item predicti cives concesserunt, pro se et heredibus suis, prefatis Episcopo, Decano et Capitulo, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, sine contradiccione, calumpnia, seu impedimento sui vel heredum aut ballivorum suorum, pilloricum et tumbrellum Domini Regis in civitate Herefordensi, tarn tempore nundinarum dicti Episcopi quam extra, ad predicta judicia sua facienda et alia cum contingent per ballivos ipsorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli. Predictus vero Episcopus pilloricum et tumbrellum que levaverat in civitate predicta, unde erat contencio inter eos in Curia Domini Regis, faciet prosterni, ita quod decetero non leventur. Item concesserunt dicti cives, pro se et heredibus suis inperpetuum, quod omnes homines dictorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli, et Canonicorum, et alii qui manent in eorum terns et feodis in civitate predicta, libere emant et vendant in eadem civi tate et marchandisas suas faciant, et quieti sint de tolneto et de omnibus aliis exaccionibus quibuscunque, excepta gente de advocaria. Item omnes homines forinseci dictorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli, tarn liberi quam custumarii exceptis mercatoribus mercata ad mar chandisas suas faciendas exercentibus in predicta civitate ad opus suum proprium, libere emant omnia venalia in perpetuum, et blada sua et animalia et omnia alia bona sua vendant ad placitum suum, excepta vendicione pannorum per ulnas; et quieti sint de tolneto et omnibus aliis exaccionibus. Et cum dubium fuerit qui sint mercatores de homlnibus predictis, credatur eis super hoc per solam amdacionem suam sine aliqua alia difficultate. Item concesserunt dicti cives, pro se et heredibus suis predictis Episcopo, Decano et Capitulo, et successoribus suis, quod mercatores tenentes de feodis suis manentes in villis de Bromyard, Ledebury, Eos, et Prestone, libere emant in civitate predicta, sicut ante istam concordiam facere consueverunt; ita quod pro marchandisis suis quieti sint de tolneto et omnibus aliis exaccionibus. Item predicti Episcopus et Decanus et Capitulum concesserunt, pro se et successoribus suis, quod a die quo hec concordia facta fuit inposterum nichil ad se attrahent [Fol. 29b] de feodo Domini Regis, set contenti erunt de terris et tenementis que habuerunt ante istam concordiam in civitate predicta inper petuum. Et si contingat decetero aliquem de predictis civibus vel eorum heredibus, vel de aliis qui manent extra civitatem et habent tenementa infra eandem de feodo Domini Regis, redditum aliquem legare ecclesie Cathedrali Herefordensi de tenementis suis que

Episcopi Herefordensis. 93

sunt de feodo Domini Regis, de eisdem tenementis nichil aliud habere debebunt vel poterunt predicti Episcopus, Decanus et Capitulum, vel eorum successores, nisi tantum predictum redditum, nee occasione illius annui redditus de dictis tenementis aliquam libertatem clamare inperpetuum. Item mercatum coriorum transferatur ad alium locum quam nunc est, de communi assensu dictorum civiuin et hominum Domini Episcopi, Decani et Capituli, et ubi melius viderint expedire in predicta civitate in perpetuum statuatur. Item de muragio sic provisum est; quod cum necesse fuerit claudere civitatem predictam, assignetur pars aliqua muri claudenda hominibus dictorum Episcopi, Decani et Capituli, et successorum suorum pro rata, secundum quod majus et minus habent in civitate per visum quatuor legalium hominum, neutri parti suspectorum, si simul concordare non poterunt ad dictam civitatem in communi claudendam. Item de mercato de Prestone provideatur quod remanere possit absque indempnitate dictorum civium. Et sic provisum est quod stet in die Veneris sicut nunc est, vel die Mercurii, ad eleccionem predictorum civium. Item concedunt predicti cives, quantum in eis est, quod Decanus et Capitulum libere utantur in feodis suis in civitate Herefordensi et in suburbio attachiamento de infongenethef, secundum quod continetur in Carta quam habent de Domino Eege. Item porte omnes civitatis communes sint predictis Episcopo, Decano et Capitulo, Canonicis, et eorum hominibus ad liberum introitum et exitum habendum, sine impedimento civium vel ballivorum suorum. Et concessum est ex utraque parte quod procurabunt quod cyrographum fiat super omnibus predictis in Curia Domini Eegis. In cujus rei testimonium huic scripto, in modurn cyrographi confecto, partes alternatim sigilla sua apposuerunt. Et cyrographo super premissis facto in Curia Domini Regis, cuilibet dictarum parcium pars altera presentis scripti, cum sigillis propriis, restituetur. Actum apud Herefordiam die Martis in septimana Pasche, anno Domini MCCLX secundo, coram dominis Roberto Waleron et Nicholao de Turri, Justiciaries a Domino Eege deputatis.

June 31, 1203. Copy of the Charter of King John to Bishop Giles confirming the rights of the Church of Hereford.

CARTA DE LIBERTATIBUS HEREFORDENSIS ECCLESIE. J[ohannes], Dei gracia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hybernie, Dux Normanie, Aquitanie, Comes Andegavie, Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, Abbatibus,

94 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Prioribus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Justiciariis, Vicecomitibus, prepositis, ministris, et omnibus ballivis, et fidelibus suis salutem. Sciatis nos intuitu Dei, et pro salute nostra et pro animabus omnium antecessorum et successorum nostrorum, dedisse et concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse Deo et Ecclesie Sancte Marie et Sancti Ethelberti Herefordensi, et Egidio ejusdem Ecclesie Episcopo et successoribus suis, quod ipsi habeant et teneant omnes terras et possessiones suas et tenementa sua in perpetuum in socha et sacha et thol et theam, et infangenetheof et utfangenetheof, [1] in bosco et in piano, in pratis, pascuis, in aquis et molendinis, in vivariis et piscariis, in viis et semitis, et quod ipsi homines sui de predictis tenementis sint liberi et quieti de geldis et danegeldis, de hidagiis et carucagiis, tollagiis, et de shiris et hundredis et de sectis, infra burgum et extra, et de stretwarda, [2] et de omnibus placitis et querelis que ad Comitatum et Hundredum pertinent, salvis hiis que ad regiam coronam pertinent. Concessimus eciam ei et successoribus suis quod ipsi et homines sui sint quieti et liberi ab omni cariagio et pontagio, passagio, peagio, stallagio, [3] et tolneto per omnia dominica nostra excepta civitate Londoniarum. Et quod ipsi sint quieti de hundredesfeha, wardefeha, et thethingpeny, et fisfeha, [4] et franco plegio, et de operacione castellorum et refeccione poncium et clausura parcorum, et de omnibus servilibus operacionibus et exaccionibus. Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus quod predictus Episcopus et successores sui habeant et teneant omnes predictas libertates bene et in pace, integre et honorifice, in omnibus locis et rebus sicut predictum est; hiis testibus, W. Marescallo, Comite de Pembrochia, W., Comite Arundellie, W., Comite Saresbirie; W., Comite de Dereby, Willelmo de Breose, Garino filio Geroldi, Galfrido de Say, Willelmo de Albeny, Thoma et Alano Basset. Datum per manum J. de Brancestre, Archidiaconi Wygorniensis, apud Eothomagum, xxi die Junii, anno regni nostri quinto.

[1] These customary terms expressed the full jurisdiction of the lord of the manor over his tenants whether free or unfree as also over thieves taken within the liberties, whether the offences were committed within or without.
[2] Stretwarda, a tax for the maintenance of the King's highway.
[3] Various forms of tolls and local imposts are here specified, as also dues connected with the hundred, the tithing, and watch and ward.
[4] Fisfeha; this seems to be the fisfe of the Regist. Prior. Wigorn., 173b, for which the Editor quotes Est quidem consuetudo in villa de Wylegh ubi villarum tenentes debent solvere quilibet pro tenemento suo Hering-silver (Abbrev. Placit., Edw. I., p. 282).

Episcopi Herefordensis. 95

Aug. 24, 1276. Warning letter to the Prior and Convent of Leominster, insisting on the removal of the door which was kept closed, and fixing the penalty of disobedience at twenty pounds.

[Fol 30] LEOMINISTRE. Thomas, etc., Priori et Conventui Leoministrie salutem, etc. Ea que vobis et ecclesie vestre grata esse possent vel accepta, novit Deus, affectamus, nee dolorem aliquem vobis intulisse sen aliqua alia fecisse meminimus nisi ilia tantummodo ad que nos compulit cura pastoralis et officii nostri debitum, et que ad nos et ecclesiam de jure communi spectare dinoscuntur. Sane licet, propter multa et varia pericula in nostra visitacione in ecclesia vestra parochiali dudum comperta, quandam portam [1] amovere, per quam parochianis ad ecclesiam ipsam libere quandocunque pateret accessus, sepius dedissemus sub certis formis vobis in mandatis, quibus hactenus non extitit paritum; ob quod vestram contumaciam et inobedienciam nobis reservavimus pro loco et tempore puniendam; ac ultimo, sub pena viginti librarum, illud idem infra quindenam ab eo tempore precise sub illis eisdem condicionibus injunxerimus faciendum. Assiduis tamen vestris precibus devicti, terminum predictum usque ad diem Dominicum proximum ante Festum Exaltacionis Sancte Crucis, infra quod tempus penam antedictam viginti librarum committi volumus, vestri instancia et rogatu sine ulteriori dilacione prorogamus; decernentes ex nunc quod, lapso tempore predicto, pena committatur antedicta nisi man datis nostris tociens super hoc vobis directis plene parere curaveritis in premissis. Valeatis. Datum apud Sugwas, ix Kalendas Septembris, Pontificatus nostri anno primo.

Mar. 1, 1241. Inspeximus and confirmation by King Henry of the Charter of King John.

CONFIRMAGIO CARTE PREDICTS. Johannes, [2] Dei gracia Bex Anglie, etc. . . ut supra. Nos igitur H[enricus], etc., donacionem et concessionem predictarum libertatum ratas et gratas habentes, eas pro nobis et heredibus nostris concedimus et confirmamus, sicut predicta Carta racionabiliter testatur. Hiis testibus, Venerabilibus Patribus, W., Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, W., Karleolensi Episcopo, N., Dunelmensi Electo, Petro de Sabaudia, Stephano de Segrave, Johanne, filio Galfridi, Willelmo de Cantilupo, Bertramo de Crivile, Galfrido Dis-

[1] This order was cancelled in 1282 by Archbishop Peckham, who directed that a Chapel should be built instead.
[2] In MS. Henricus.

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pensario, Drogone de Barentin, et aliis. Datum per manum nostram apud Wodestoke, prime die Marcii, anno regni nostri vicesimo quinto.

Copy of a Charter of Henry II. confirming the possession by the See of Hereford of assarts under Malvern and in the forest of Dean.

[Fol. 30b] CARTA DE ESERTIS SUB MALVERNIA ET IN FORESTA DE DENE SUPER WAYAM. H[enricus], Rex Anglie et Dux Normanie et Aquitanie, et Comes Andegavie, Justiciariis, et Vicecomitibus, et Baronibus, et ministris, et forestariis, et omnibus fidelibus suis de Hereforscira et Gloecestrescira salutem. Sciatis me dedisse, et in perpetuam elemosinam concessisse, Ecclesie Herefordensi et Gilberto [Foliot] Episcopo, et omnibus successoribus suis, omnia esarta [1] sub Malvernia, unde idem Gilbertus Episcopus saisitus fuit die qua primo coronatus fui apud Westmonasterium, et quicquid poterit idem Episcopus essartare in foresta de Dena, super Wayam fluvium, sicut Willelmus de Bello Campo ei monstravit, et eum inde precepto meo seysivit. El volo et firmiter precipio quod Ecclesia Herefordensis et Gilbertus Episcopus, et omnes successores sui, habeant et teneant in perpetuam elemosinam omnia hec predicta, in pace et libere et honorifice, soluta et quieta de essartis et omni bus serviciis et consuetudinibus. Testibus R[oberto de Chesney] Lincolniensi, et Nigello Eliensi, et A[luredo] Wygorniensi, Episcopis; et Thoma Cantuariensi, et Ricardo de Lacy, et W[illelmo] de Bello Campo, apud Wygorniam.

Sept. 4, 1241. Copy of a Charter of Henry III. granting to Bishop Peter and his successors free warren in all the manors of the See.

CONFIRMACIO EJUSDEM CARTE. Henricus, Dei gracia, etc., Archiepiscopis, etc., salutem. Sciatis nos concessise Venerabili Patri, P [etro], Herefordensi Episcopo, quod ipse et successores sui in perpetuum habeant liberas warrenas [2] in omnibus dominicis terris suis maneriorum subscriptorum extra forestam nostram; videlicet, in maneriis de Bertone, Etone, Sheldwyke, Topesle, Hamptone, Optone, Bromyard, Wytheburne, Frome, Bosebury, Grendone, Colewelle, Credele, Estenoure et Ledebury sub Malvernia, in Comitatu

[1] Spelt in three different ways in one entry.
[2] A different form of the word occurs below.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 97

Herefordie et in manerio de Ledebury North in Comitatu Salopesburie, et in maneriis de Prestebure et de Sevenhamptone in Comitatu Gloucestrie; ita quod nullus warrenas illas maneriorum predictorum intrare possit ad fugandum in eis vel aliquid in eis capiendum, sine voluntate ipsius Episcopi et successorum suorum .super forisfacturam nostram decem librarum. Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus, pro nobis et heredibus nostris, quod idem Episcopus et successores sui imperpetuum habeant liberas warennas in omnibus dominicis terris suis quas habent extra forestam nostrarn, in manerio suo de Bos, simulque in omnibus terris suis omnium predictcrum maneriorum extra forestam nostram; ita quod nullus warennas illas maneriorum predictorum intrare possit ad fugandum in eis vel aliquid in eis capiendum, sine licencia et voluntate ipsius Episcopi et successorum suorum super forisfacturam nostram decem librarum, sicut predictum est. Hiis testibus, H[umfrido] de Boun, Comite Herefordie ec Essexie, Stephano de Segrave, Willelmo de Cantilupo, Bsrtramo de Crivyl, Herberto, filio Mathei, Roberto Muscegros, Matheo Bevil, Bartholomeo Pecche, Drogone de Barentin, Nicholao de Boleville, et aliis. Datum per manum nostram apud Cestriam, iiij die Septernbris, anno regni nostri vicesimo quinto.

Sept. 2. Mandate to the Dean of Clun to denounce ecclesiastical censures on all who hold intercourse with the tenants of Chastroke, Aston, and Mellington, who were excommunicated for resistance to episcopal control and for outrages committed.

DECANO DE CLONE. Thomas, etc., Decano de Clone, salutem, etc. Licet homines trium villarum nostrarum de Chastroke, Astone, et Moletone, ad castrum nostrum pleno jure spectancium, qui a dominio Ecclesie nostre Herefordensis propria terneritate diverterunt, super revertendo ad dominium Ecclesie predicte et nostrum hactenus legitime monueritis et competenter, eosdemque nominatim in singulis ecclesiis vestri decanatus [1] propter suam manifestam offensam excommunicatos denunciari faciatis, prout in vestris litteris certificatoriis plenius continetur; iidem tamen homines, paucis exceptis, claves Ecclesie penitus contempnendo, in sue salutis dispendium et Ecclesie nostre et nostri dampnum non modicum, predictam sentenciam excornmunicacionis non formidant; set mala malis de die in diem accumulando, nos et nostros in dictis tribus

[1] In MS. diaconatus.

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villis nobis adherentes, bonis nostris, bladis, fructibus, et rebus aliis, manu potenti et vi armata incessanter spoliare non verentur, in nostri et nostrorum grave prejudicium et ecclesiastice libertatis elusionem pariter et contemptum. Quia igitur in talibus penam necessario oportet aggravari, vobis mandamus, sub pena canonice districcionis, quatinus omnes comrnunicantes cum hominibus predictarum trium villarum, quorum nomina vos scimus habere debere, illis dumtaxat exceptis qui se Ecclesie nostre et nobis reformare curarunt, singulis diebus Dominicis et Festivis, campanis pulsatis, accensis candelis, publice et sollempniter, in singulis ecclesiis vestri decanatus et aliis locis publicis, excommunicates denunciari faciatis, sive contrabendo, vendendo, moram faciendo, tractando, opem vel operam eis prestando, sive consilium vel auxilium dando, vel alio quoquo modo, in mercimoniis seu foro vel alibi communicaverint cum eisdem, nisi quatenus jura permittent. Loca autem omnia in quibus morantur vice et auctoritate nostra ecclesiastico supponentes interdicto; inquirentes nichilominus [Fol 31] diligenter ubi, et in quibus ecclesiis, predicti excommunicati ad divina audienda admittuntur, et eciam de communicantibus cum eisdem; et si alicubi ad ecclesiastica recipiantur sacramenta. Predictos vero excommunicatos in fata decedentes Christiane inhibemus districte tradi sepulture. Et si forte post predictam sentenciam excommunicacionis corpus aliquod predictorum in loco sacro tumulatum extiterit, ipsum sub pena canonica exbumari faciatis indilate. Et breviter volumus et precipimus quod omnia sacramenta ecclesiastica eis tarn vivis quam morientibus omnino denegentur, quousque beneficium absolucionis optinere meruerint in forma juris. Qui vero contra hanc nostram inhibicionem fecerint pro certo penis debitis et gravissimis subjacebunt. Ad hec omnes illos qui die Sabbati proxima post Ascensionem Domini terram nostram apud castrum de Lydebury North depredarunt hominesque nostros interfecerunt, ac bona nostra et nostrorum rapuerunt, et qui postmodum per inquisicionem premissorum rei comperti fuerant, cum omnibus communicantibus eisdem fautoribusque eorumdem, modo superius prenotato nominatim denunciari similiter faciatis excommunicatos. Qualiter vero hoc mandaturn nostrum fueritis executi, etc., citra Festum Sancti Mathei Apostoli nobis vel Officiali nostro constare faciatis, etc. Valeatis. Datum apud Bikenore, iiij Nonas Septembris.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 99

July 1, 1276. Thomas de Wichenford and John de Ebulo have agreed to refer their rival claims to the Church of Wichenford to the arbitration of the Bishop, at the desire of the Bishop of Worcester. He decides in favour of the former, who is to pay twenty-three marks yearly to the latter; who being a foreigner and much occupied with more important work, cannot discharge the parochial duties.

OKDINACIO THOME DE WYCHEFORDE. Universis Christi fidelibus presentem paginara inspecturis Thomas, etc. Ea que legitimis sanccionibus et canonicis tradicionibus, secundum estimacionem quorumdam, videntur adversa, satis a majoribus poterunt tollerari, si ad federa pacis inter contendentes congruencius ineunda utilitatemque plurimorum competencius inducendam procedere dinoscantur. In negocio siquidem sive causa, quod seu quam Venerabilis in Christo Pater, Dominus Godefridus, Dei gracia Wygorniensis Episcopus, nobis commisit, inter Thomam de Wicheforde, clericum, ad ecclesiam Sancti Petri loci ejusdem de jure vacantem, a veris patronis ipsius eidem Domino Wygorniensi, loci diocesano, legitime presentatum, ex parte una, et magistrum Johannem de Ebulo, [1] qui, ecclesie possessioni prefate de facto iucumbens, admissionem et institucionem presentati asseritur contra justiciam impedire, pro eo quod post illara ecclesiam Sancti Petri, cui animarum cura est annexa, quesitam, alia beneficia cum cura consimili absque dispensacione Sedis Apostolice dicitur recepisse, debitarnque residenciam in ipsa ecclesia Sancti Petri, licet ad hoc juxta canonica instituta pluries evocatus facere recusavit; clericus memoratus et magister Gilbertus de Haywode, Procurator magistri Johannis sufficiens in sequentibus habens mandatum, post diutinam concertacionem super ecclesia prelibata, et jure, si quod ad ipsam vel in ilia partes eedem habebant, nostre ordinacioni, dicto, seu laudo se totaliter submiserunt. Nos itaque inter ipsas partes, postquam ad nostrum preceptum juribus sibi quoad ecclesiam premissam competentibus pura voluntate spontanea renunciarunt, de consilio nobis assidencium et patronorum ipsius ecclesie consensu expresso, sic duximus ordinandum. In nomine Felicissime Trinitatis, Amen. Cum inter Thomam de Wycheforde, etc. . . ut supra, ex parte una, et magistrum Johannem de Ebulo, qui ecclesiam eandem tenet de facto, questio super ipsa ecclesia coram commissariis Domini Wygorniensis

[1] John de Ebulo was a favoured Papal chaplain, who besides a variety of benefices and prebends at Laon and Lisieux and a pension of forty marks in Lichfield, was promised another prebend and dignity in England. (Papal Reg. I. 388). He had Papal provision of a prebend in St. Paul's; but this was given to Cantilupe, and to make amends he was to have a pension. Ibid I. 417.

100 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Episcopi diucius verteretur, ex altera; nos, Thomas, permissions divina Minister Herefordensis Bcclesie, quibus idem Dominus in causa seu negocio prelibato commisit in solidum vices suas, inter cetera perpendentes quod dictus presentatus literatura et moribus decoratus ac racione lingue precipue habilis existit, ad instruccionem parochianorum ecclesie memorate, quodque prefatus Johannes ad regendum ecclesiam eandem vix vel nunquam descendere poterit majoribus occupatus, submissionibus et renunciacionibus utriusque partis in forma juris factis premissis et admissis, pro bono pacis et utilitatis ordinamus, dicimus, et laudamus quod sepefatus Thomas de Wicheforde ad ecclesiam Sancti Petri loci ejusdem admittatur, et ipsam habeat ac teneat quoad vivit, ipsumque Thomam admittimus ad eandem; perpetuum silencium magistro Gilberto de Haywode, Procuratori magistri Johannis, ac ipsi magistro in procurators sui persona, super ecclesia predicta sentencialiter inponentes. Volumus [Fol. 31b] eciam et ordinamus quod idem Thomas, et sui successores in ecclesia hujusmodi, viginti tres marcas sterlingorum annuatim, apud Novum Templum Londoniarum, de ipsius ecclesie fructibus et obvencionibus in Festo Ascensionis Dominice et Omnium Sanctorum, pro equalibus porcionibus, dicto magistro Johanni exsolvant, vel certo nuncio illius literas de solucione tante pecunie deferenti; prestacione hujasmodi quamdiu vixerit ipse magister omnimodo duratura. Quod si prefatum Thomam in solucione pecunie memorate vel partis ipsius terminis prenotatis cessare contingat, clericum eundem ecclesia premissa exnunc decernimus esse privatum, nisi citra mensem ab ipsis ter minis continue connumerandum pecunia sepefata, prout superius est expressum, integre fuerit numerata. Datum et actum apud Stantone, Kalendis Julii, anno gracie MCCLXX sexto.

Sept. 26, 1276. Memorandum of letters dimissory for Robert de Coddington.

PEO QUODAM CLERICO DE KoTYNTONE. Memorandum quod Robertus de Kotintone, clericus, habet litteras dimissorias ut possit ordmari a quovis Episcopo Cantuariensis Provincie, eo non obstante quod de nostra diocesi oriundus existit; proviso tamen quod habeat titulum competentem. Datum apud Bosebury, vjto Kalendas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX vjto, Pontificatus nostri ij.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 101

Sept. 20. Licence of non-residence for study for one year in England to William Brun, Rector of Rock.

Memorandum quod data est licencia magistro Willelmo Brun, Rectori ecclesie de Aca, studendi in Anglia per unum annum, ita ut valeat fructus ecclesie sue integre percipere; proviso quod ipsa, etc. Datum Gloucestrie xij Kalendas Octobris.

Oct. 6. Ordinance for the Church of Burford. The custody is committed to John Sheldesley as curator, who is to provide for the services and pay six marks yearly to Geoffrey de Burford while at his studies.

BUREFORDE.- Thomas, etc., Galfrido de Burforde, clerico, salutem, etc. Ponderantes pericula que, pro defectu correccionis discipline regiminis debite, in parochia ad quam per J[ohannem], bone meraorie, predecessorem nostrum, admissus fueras de gracia speciali, multipliciter contingunt; tueque compacientes necessitudini, ne quasi mendicando vivas, in obprobrium ordinis clericalis, tuis defectibus exigentibus dicto beneficio spoliatus; volentes utrique incomodo salubriter obviare, tibi caritative de fructibus beneficii dicti victui providebimus necessaria, et ecclesie predicts obsequii debiti cum regimine famulatum. Ordinamus igitur de tua spontanea et expressa voluntate, in nomine Sancte Trinitatis, Amen, quod magister Johannes de Sheldesleye, custodie nomine vel curatoris, corporalem possessionem dicti beneficii habeat, duraturam a Festo Sancti Michaelis proximo future usque ad idem Festum trium annorum continue subsequencium et completorum; tibique, Galfrido de Bureforde, sex marcas bonorum et legalium sterlingorum, ad quatuor anni terminos annuatim solvendas, videlicet in Festo Omnium Sanctorum viginti solidos; in Festo Purificacionis proximo sequentis viginti solidos; in Festo Pentecostes proximo sequentis viginti solidos; et in Festo Beati Petri ad Vincula xx solidos; de qua pecunia volumus te per idem tempus diligenter scolasticis vacare disciplinis, ut, expleto termino, sciencia et moribus laudabiliter ornatus, alterius cura vel regimine ulterius non egeas cujuscunque. Idem autem magister J[ohannes] totum residuum annuatim recipiet beneficii memorati, faciens ecclesie predicte ydonee per ministrum ydoneum deserviri. Ita tamen quod idem J[ohannes], ad predictam ecclesiarn personaliter frequenter accedens, monicionibus salutaribus et exemplo bone vite que ad edificacionem animarum pertinent,

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ibidem studeat seminare. De fructibus autem hujus anni, nunc in horreis existentibus, reservamus nobis potestatem ulterius providendi qualiter antiqua debita tua que exigis tuis creditoribus exsolvantur. Volumus taraen quod idem magister J[ohannes] de ministris ydoneis ecclesie provideat supradicte, ne debitis obsequiis defraudetur; et nos eidem magistro J[ohanni] providebimus unde debeant sustentari ministri memorati. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus huic scripto dupplicato; cujus una pars penes te remanebit, altera penes magistrum superius memoratum. Datum apud Colne Sancti Aylwini, [1] ij Nonas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto.

Mandate of induction by the Dean of Burford.

[Fol. 32] BUBFORDE. Mandatum est Decano de Bureforde quod inducat magistrum Johannem de Sheldesleye in corporalem possessionem pjrcionis ecclesie de Bureforde que est Galfridi de Bureforde, et hoc nomine custodie vel curatoris. Et pateat data per litteram ordinacionis proximo suprascriptam.

Oct. 14. Mandate of induction of Richard de Stratford to the prebend vacated by Edmund Mortimer is sent to the Hebdomadary. His collation to the same.

R[ICARDUS] DE STRATFORDE. Mandatum est Ebdomodario Herefordensis Ecclesie quod inducat in corporalem possessionem magis trum Ricardum de Stratford illius prebende que fuit domini Edmundi de Mortuo Mari. Datum Londoniis, ij Idus Octobris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo. Thomas, etc., magistro Ricardo de Stratford, salutem, etc. Prebendam quam in Ecclesia Herefordensi tenuit dominus Eadmundus de Mortuo Mari tibi cum suo onere conferimus intuitu caritatis. In cujus rei, etc. Datum Londoniis, ij Idus Octobris, anno Domini MCC septuagesimo sexto.

Oct. 17. Institution to the Church of Little Cowarne of John de Cohvall, presented by the Abbot and Convent of Gloucester.

PABVA COUEBA. Thomas, etc. Johanni de Colewelle, clerico, salutem, etc. Ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum Abbatis et

[1] The church and manor of Colne St. Aylwin's were given to the Abbey of Gloucester, for expenses of hospitality.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 103

Conventus Sancti Petri Gloucestrie, verorum patronorum ecclesie de Parva Coura, te ad ipsam ecclesiam admittimus caritative et canonice instituimus in eadem, secundum formam Constitucionis, etc. Datum Londoniis, xvj Kalendas Novembris.

Letter to the Bishop of Bangor desiring him to warn Llewelyn to restore to the See of Hereford the three villages which had of old belonged to it.

EPISCOPO BANGORENSI. Reverendo Patri in Christo, etc., Domino Bangorensi, etc. Ecclesiarum negocia, et ea que jura, immunitates, libertatesve contingunt earundem, summa ope et alacri studio ab omnibus, maxime ipsarum prelatis, eo forcius et libencius unanimiter prosequenda sunt quo invadencium ecclesie bona hiis diebus avida rapacitas in medio intolerabiliter erepsit, et quo sublimes et majores, qui earn tueri et deffendere ex debito tenerentur, ipsam licet matrem suam numerosis injuriis tanquam ingrati afficiunt, et prout vestram discrecionem latere non credimus, diris concussionibus et oppressionibus nephariis incessanter expugnare pro viribus cotidie non verentur. Sane nobis ad regimen predicte Ecclesie Herefordensis, licet essemus ad hoc indigni, divina providencia nuper assumptis, terras, possessiones et res alias ad Ecclesiam predictam pleno jure spectantes a plerisque contra Deum et justiciam occupatas intelleximus et detentas, in ipsorum occupancium salutis dispendium et gravem Ecclesiastice libertatis lesionem, ac predicte Ecclesie Herefordensis prejudicium non modicum et gravamen. Propter quod officii nostri debitum adimplere volentes, quatenus potuimus in hac parte, omnes hujusmodi malefactores et reos in sentencia majoris excommunicacionis incidisse ipso facto publice et sollempniter denunciavimus in genere; prout in statute B[onifacii] bone memorie, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, de communi consensu omnium suffraganeorum suorum dudum super hoc edito, et summorum Pontificum auctoritate postmodum confirmato, plenius continetur. Quam quidem sentenciam Venerabilis Dominus Robertus, nunc Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis, suis suffraganeis in suis diocesibus precepit et injunxit firmiter et sepius publicandam. Cumque de hujusmodi sacrilegis post dictam sentenciam generalem specialius inquireremus, compertum est nobis per fidedignos quod L[eulinus], Princeps Wallie, quasdam terras et possessiones pertinentes ad Ecclesiam nostram predictam, videlicet villas de Chastrok, Astone,

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et Molestone, ad castrum nostrum de Ledebury North jure dDminii spectantes, quas Episcopi Herefordenses qui pro tempore fuerant pacifice tanquam domini possederunt jam per aliqua tempera, in anime sue periculum violenter occupavit, et eas adhuc taliter detinet occupatas, licet per predecessorem nostrum, ut audivimus, et nos postea super restitucione dictarum villarum Ecclesie facienda humiliter et devote fuisset sepius requisitus. Et quia predictas occupaciones sine ipsius nostrique et Ecclesie nostre periculo ulterius tolerare non possumus nee debemus, contra eundem tan quam sacrilegum nos procedere oportet, quatenus jura et Sanctorum Patrum statuta suadent et permittunt; quod, novit Deus, valde faceremus inviti. Verum quamquam contra ipsum, quern sufficienter monitum et rogatum credimus et scimus in premissis, graviora statuere possemus, ad presens ex abundanti [1] tamen ipsum adhuc dignum fore duximus monendum, ut perversorum protervitas, et malicia eorum forte qui eum de restituendo dictas terras impediunt, liquidius in omnibus convincantur. Quia igitur non solum juxta statuta canonica set secundum sancciones imperiales, unius provincie preses alterius presidis sentenciam in sua provincia exequi habet et [Fol. 32b] publicare cum effectu, fraternitatem vestram in Domino rogamus et requirimus, cum instancia qua possumus ampliori, quod mutua vicissitudine, ob universalis Ecclesie comodum et honorem, predictum Principem, de quo verisimiliter talia audiri non deberent, diligenter moneatis et efficaciter inducatis quod predictas tres villas de Chestrok, Astone, et Molestone infra mensem a tempore monicionis per vos faciende eidem Ecclesie nostre et nobis restituat, et de injuriosa occupacione Deo et Ecclesie satisfacere studeat competenter; denunciantes eidem quod, nisi fecerit, exnunc contra eundem procedetur quatenus rigor juris et equitatis racio suadebunt. Quid vero super hiis vobis facere placuerit et feceritis, ac eciam de response ipsius Principis, nobis si placet quamcicius poteritis constare faciatis per litteras vestras patentes, harum seriem continentes. Nov. 3. Acknowledgment of the annuity due to the Bishop's champion, Thomas of Bridgnorth, who is ready to maintain in duel his rights against the Earl of Gloucester. THOME DE BRUGES PUGILI. Omnibus Christi fidelibus Thomas, Dei gracia Episcopus Herefordensis, salutem, etc. Noverit universitas

[1] In MS. habundanti.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 105

vestra nos teneri Thome de Bruges, pugili, [1] pro homagio et servicio suo, in vj solidis et viij denariis sterlingorum annuatim percipiendis de camera nostra, ad Festum Sancti Michaelis, ubicumque tune fuerimus, dum idem Thomas potens est officium pugilis exercere. Et dictus Thomas nobis promisit, prestito sacramento, quod contra Dominum Gilbertum, Comitem Gloucestrie et Hertfordie, et quemcunque alium, exceptis dumtaxat dominis suis quibus ante presencium confeccionem extitit obligatus, pro nobis pugnabit, cum per nos fuerit requisitus. Nos autem eidem Thome cum pro nobis pugnare debebit, super quo inter nos et ipsum poterit convenire, tarn pro stipendiis quam pro sua sustentacione et omnibus aliis necessariis eidem exhibendis plene satisfaciemus. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Westmonasterium, die Martis proxima post Festum Omnium Sanctorum, anno gracie MCCLXX vjto.

Nov. 1.- Acknowledgment of a debt of one hundred pounds to William de Rotherfield, Dean of York, to be paid at Boston Fair.

DECANUS EBORACENSIS. Memorandum quod Dominus Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, tenetur domino Willelmo de Retherefeud, [2] Decano Eboracensi, in centum libris sterlingorum in proximis nundinis apud Sanctum Botulfum solvendis per litteram obligatoriam Episcopi. Datum apud Westmonasterium, circa festum Omnium Sanctorum, anno Domini MCCLXX vjto.

Memorandum that the petitions entered below were given to the charge of the Proctors named.

Memorandum quod peticiones subscripte tradite erant nuncio magistri Henrici de Havekele, [3] et earum prosecuciones commisse Johanni de Bekeles et Johanni dicto Waleys; qui, vel substituti ab eis, sunt dati Procuratores ad eas impetrandas et in judices consenciendum, prout patet per procuratorium sibi directum cujus transcriptum inferius inseritur.

[1] A similar payment of half a mark was made by the Dean and Chapter to their champion, whose receipts are still preserved.
[2] William de Langton, or de Rotherfield, nephew of Archbishop Gray and Dean of York, was elected Archbishop in 1265, but the Pope quashed the election on the ground that he had held more benefices than were canonically allowed. (Hist, of the Church of York, II, 481. Rolls.)
[3] The probate of the estate of H. de Hawkley, Canon of Hereford and Lincoln, was the cause of bitter dispute between Archbishop Peckham and Bishop Cantilupe; v. Introduction.

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The Bishop's appeal to the Pope to appoint Judges to decide his suit against the executors of Geoffrey de Coberley, who refused to pay him a debt of the deceased, and against the Bishop of Worcester who has sequestrated the estate of the deceased.

PETICIONES CONTRA G[ALFRIDUM], RECTOREM ECCLESIE DE KEMESEYE ET ALIOS. Significat Sanctitati vestre Thomas, Episcopus Herefordensis, quod, licet magister Galfridus de Coberleye, Rector ecclesie de Hamptone, Wygorniensis diocesis, in quadam pecunie [1] summa eidem teneretur quoad vixit, dominus Galfridus de Rynweye, Rector ecclesie de Kemeseye, et alii executores testamenti dicti defuncti, ejusdem diocesis, ac ejusdem loci Episcopus, quamquam bona ipsius defuncti ad hec sufficiant, in retinendo dictam summam pecunie injuriantur eidem. Propter quod petit, vocatis qui fuerint evocandi, sibi justiciam exhiberi. Et petit Judices. Significat, ut supra, quod dominus Galfridus, etc., dictam summam injuste solvere contradicunt laudantes Venerabilem Patrem, Dominum Wygorniensem Episcopum, sue retencionis auctorem, licet idem Episcopus nullam justam causam habeat dictam pecunie summam retinendi. Unde petit Judices, etc.

In litteris istis impetrandis jungantur executores et Episcopus, si quo modo fieri potest, ita quod tarn executores quam Episcopus, si necesse fuerit, per easdem litteras possent conveniri. Alioquin impetretur contra executores separatim super debito injuste retento, ut supra. Et impetretur alia littera contra Episcopum super injusta sequestracione dicti debiti, secundum formam peticionis infrascripte. Significat, ut supra, quod, cum djminus Galfridus, etc., Venerabilis Pater, Dominus Wygorniensis Episcopus, predictam pecunie summam in casu a jure non permisso sequestravit, et adhuc sub arto retinet sequestro, in ipsius anime defuncti periculum et dicti Herefordensis Episcopi prejudicium non modicum pariter et gravamen. [Fol. 33] Unde petit Judices, etc.

Nov. 8. Appointment of John de Beccles and John called the Welsh man as the Bishop's Proctors at the Court of Rome.

PROCURATORIUM. Noverint universi quod ad impetrandas litteras in Curia Romana contra Venerabilem Patrem, Dominum Wygorniensem Episcopum, et Dominum Galfridum de Ryndweye,

[1] In M.S. peccunie throughout.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 107

capellanum, Rectorem ecclesie de Kemeseye, aliosque executores testamenti magistri G[alfridi] de Coberleye, quondam Rectoris ecclesie de Hamptone, Wygorniensis diocesis, et in judices consenciendum contradicendumve, nos, Thomas, miseracione divina humilis minister Ecclesie Herefordensis, dilectns nobis in Christo, Johannem de Bekeles et Johannem dictum Walensem, clericos, Procuratores nostros, conjunctim et divisim, damus specialiter et constituimus per presentes, aliorum Procuratorum nostrorum mandata seu potestatem in eadem Curia per hec minime revocando. Damus eciam eisdem vel eorum alteri potestatem alium vel alios sibi substituendi in premissis. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Folehame, vj Idus Novembris, anno gracie MCCLXX sexto.

Appeal to the Pope to excuse the payment of the arrears of the tenth levied for the succour of the Holy Land, due from the late Bishop who was in debt at his death.

PETICIO. Petit Thomas, Episcopus Herefordensis, ex solita benignitate Sedis Apostolice, et gracia speciali sibi concedi ne ipse vel Ecclesia sua in prestacione decime deputate in subsidium Terre Sancte, pro primo anno et secundo, oneretur seu gravetur in aliquo, cum idem dicto tempore de fructibus nichil percepit Episcopatus memorati; et bone memorie Johannes, predecessor ejus, qui dictos fructus eo tempore recepit, tempore mortis sue in tantum ere alieno exstitit obligatus quod bona sua omnia ad liberacionem eris alieni longe non sufficiunt, nee ipso superstite quicquam de dicta decima exactum exstitit ab eodem. Bona vero ipsius defuncti ob fiscale debitum adhuc ita occupata sunt quod nulli creditorum suorum vel Ecclesie satisfieri potest de bonis memoratis. Et ita Ecclesia quasi in infinita summa pecunie pro debitis predecessoris sui remanet obligata. Unde equum sibi videretur si pro tempore suo tantummodo ad prestacionem decime teneretur memorate. Hanc peticionem porrigendam seu prosequendam vel non, et sub qua forma, ista vel alia, vestri discrecioni relinquimus omnino; veritatem enim ipsius rei satis novit Deus, et vos similiter nostis.

Nov. 18.- Mandate to the Official to induct John of Monmouth, who is presented to the church of Wolferlow by the Prioress and Convent of Acornebury, with the consent of the Canons of Bromyard.

CORPORALIS INDUCCIO MAGISTEI JOHANNIS DE MONEMUTHE ECCLESIE DE WEFERLOWE. Offiali Herefordensi, etc. Quia ad

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presentacionem religiosarum mulierum, Domine Priorisse et Conventus de Acornebyry, cum consensu Canonicorum de Bromyarde, dilectum nobis in Christo magistrum Johannem de Monemuthe ad ecclesiam de Weferlowe vacantem, et ad presentacionem predictarum de jure spectantem, admisimus intuitu caritatis, sub forma cujusdarn ordinacionis, de qua vobis alias plenius constabit; vobis mandamus quatinus eundem magistrum J[ohannem], vel ejus Procuratorem nomine suo, in possessionem corporalem dicte ecclesie inducatis et defendatis inductum. Datum apud Folehame, xiiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Nov. 18.- Instructions to the Seneschal respecting appointments of bailiffs at Whitbourne and Ross, together with rules for the management of the estates and the order of the accounts to prevent the recurrence of the mismanagement and arrears of past years. Orders are also given for the arms required for the defence of the Marches, and for the precautions to be observed in conciliating the inhabitants and the garrison of Montgomery.

SENESCALLO. Thomas, etc., magistro J[ohanni] de Bradeham, Senescallo suo, salutem, etc. Mittimus vobis per Willelmum de Fareleye, latorem presencium, transcriptum cujusdam littere quam per nuncium Constabularii nostri de Castro eidem Constabulario nostro mittimus, mandantes ut vos dictum Constabularium cum familia Castri vivere faciatis, secundum tenorem transcripti memorati. Quia intelleximus, et adhuc intelligimus, quod balliva de Wyteburne sit vacans, et fuerit diu, [1] et qualitercunque vos intelligatis per ea que vobiscum et cum aliis sepe tractavimus de eadem, iterato man damus quatinus Robertum de Furches ad ballivam admittatis eandem, et hoc celeriter ne alibi in servicio illusus se ponat. Et quia, Johanne de Clare ex parte vestra referente, intelleximus quod Willelmus de Chylteham competens esset ad ponendum in balliva de Eos, et ille Ricardus modo ballivus de Bos insufficiens penitus extat ibidem, mandamus quatinus, castigate dicto Wpllelmo] de [Fol. 33b] prius commissis, ut dicitur, et correpto, si bona fide coram pluribus repromittat quod in balliva de Bos custodienda bene et fideliter per omnia se habebit, tune ipsum celeriter ponatis ibidem; dum tamen meliorem eo non possitis habere, alium quantocius amovendo, videntes tamen quod dictus Ricardus, si de aliquibus administraverit, fidelem de hiis compotum reddat. Ad hec licet aliqua que credantur

[1] In MS. fuit diu est.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 109

ad nostrum commodum cedere super compoto tangebantur, vera tamen voluntas nostra in hiis expressius patefiat, et vero vos ipsam voluntatem nostram sic vobis declaratam sequamini in honestis, nee contra ipsam venire in aliquo presumatis. In primis mandamus quatinus redditum nostrum de isto termino Sancti Andree et de aliis terminis insimul faciatis ad prepositos locorum integre colligi, et custodiri ad opus nostrum, quousque pro eodem receptorem miserimus specialem; ita quod nichil inde in alios usus quantumcunque necessaries expendatur; et quod de Ix libris vel circa de arreragio prepositorum et aliorum ministrorum compoti preteriti leventur xl libre celeriter que parentur [1] pro clarissimis arreragiis per omnimodam cohercionem, et preposito de Prestebyry per ipsos qui dictum arreragium debent portentur, et per tallias liberentur hac vice, ut, cum nos apud Prestebyry in brevi miserimus pro eisdem, dicte [2] xl libre possint inveniri parate. Item quod nullus prepositus de cetero vel alius minister liberet alii preposito denarios quos ille liberans habet liberare ad garderobam nostram, propter pericula que iminere possent recipienti et pr vpter mixciones recepcionum; set ille liberans directe liberet ad garderobam nostram, vel illi quern ad hujusmodi recepcionem specialiter deputaverimus, istis predictis arreragiis dumtaxat exceptis ex causa qua dicto preposito de Prestebyry volumus liberare. Item quod nullus prepositus liberet de cetero bladum, animalia, vel aliud instaurum ballive sue nisi racionabile precium apponatur, et quod tallia fiat inter liberantem et recipientem de precio rei liberate et non de ipsa re [ut] vera proficua maneriorum possint lucidius apparere. Item quod fiat visus compotorum prepositorum, de quarterio anni in quarterium, per Senescallum, vel saltim per loci ballivum cum clerico Senescalli, et maxime propter ista gravia arreragia de Sugwas et de Eos, in quibus locis si facti fuissent visus, ut predictum est, et in aliis locis similiter potuisset ante compotum semen emi et instaurum, ad nostrum commodum non modicum, et grangie nostre potuissent integre modo fuisse ubi non credebatur prepositos ante compotum, maxime de Eos et de Sugwas, talia arreragia debuisse. Item quod bladum et alia venalia in maneriis vendantur tali seysina et tempore competenti, et in reprisis [3] maneriorum tale moderamen apponatur, et quod utensilia et alia semel empta in maneriis ita salvo custodiantur per totum quod de extenta maneriorum nobis respondeatur ad minus, de qua extenta, ut intelleximus, non modicum amisimus

[1] In MS. purantur.
[2] In MS. decem.
[3] Reprisis, deductions from the rental for annuities and rent-charges.

110 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

isto anno preterite; de quo non sufficimus admirari; alias in Episcopatu de ista perdicione tractabimus, et videbimus qualiter hujusmodi perdiciones possimus in posterum evitare. Item quod extenta corrigatur per totum ubi error aliquis invenitur, et hoc cum celeritate qua potest, et maxime apud Ledebury. De modo faciendi vineam nostram de Ledebury vobis apercius scribemus; set quia tempus non adest in brevi eandem faciendi, distulimus de factura ejusdem plus ista vice mandare. Item mandamus quod non sitis ita solliciti nee assidui circa curias tenendas et placita audienda quin ad [Fol. 34] gaynagium [1] terrarum et exitus grangiarum et alia aprovamenta [2] maneriorum habeatis cor directum et animum vigilantem; in gaynagiis vero, et instauro, ac aprovamentis hujusmodi consistit non modicum commodum, et absque labe peccati; non dicimus quin circa unum et aliud, quatenus fideliter et juste potest fieri, intendatis. De relevio Comitatus Herefordensis differemus, ut consultum est: fidelitatem bene potuimus capere a domino N. Syflewast sine nostri prejudicio, ut consultum erat nobis: quo ad sectam vero respectus nostre littere exibit in brevi. Ceterum, receptis hiis litteris, adeatis Castrum nostrum, ut de familia ibidem modo quo predictum est possitis ordinare; portantes vobiscum arma existencia apud Sugwas, ita quod in adventu eorum qui [3] modo sunt venturi ad partes illas per Regem pro Marchia custodienda sitis ibidem ad videndum qualiter incipiunt factum suum, et vos tune temporis sciant ibi si forte aliqua velint vobis dicere vel mandare. Valeatis. Datum apud Folehame die Mercurii in Octabis Sancti Martini. Si constabularius noster bladum et avenam hominum de tribus villis ad Castrum nostrum tanquam staurum nondum fecerit cariari, tune eidem injungatis quod illud faciat nomine empcionis, vel quocunque alio modo commodum nostrum facere poterit; dum tamen procedat de voluntate vel permissione hominum predictorum, quod eis debet placere propter periculum Walensium, qui libenter ea raperent, et propter periculum eorum de Castro de Mungomery nunc existencium et cito veniencium, qui fortassis bona predictorum hominum ad instaurandum Castrum suum raperent et asportarent; fingentes eos, et si mendaciter, esse adversaries. Et si constabularius alibi providerit de blado, avena, vel alio instauro per patriam ad emendum, vel emerit jam sicut continetur in dicto transcripto littere sibi misse, tune de redditu nostro Sancti Andree faciatis vos solvere per manus vestras, quantum custaverint dicta bona sic empta, non

[1] Gaynagium, cultivation, arable land.
[2] Aprovamenta, profits.
[3] In MS. quo.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 111

obstante dicto mandate de isto redditu vobis dato. Ita tamen quod cercioremur per vos quantum sit solutum pro eisdem bonis, et quod residuum redditus ad opus nostrum, ut supradicitur, conservetur; istud bladum et aliud instaurum bonum est emere, ut videtur, propter caristiam que creditur in estate et maxime propter adventum istorum qui sunt modo venturi; erunt enim vocati omnes ad Festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste qui servicium debent Begi, quod tune sint apud Wygorniam cum suo servicio. Istud mandatum totaliter fecimus registrari, ut retinere possimus memoriter qualiter in suis articulis fuerit exequtum.

Nov. 19.- Mandate to the Official to induct William de Montfort to the Precentorship which Hervey de Borham held, and which is now declared vacant, as no dispensations have been exhibited by him.

PRO H[ERVEO] DE BORHAM. Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc. Cum vir discretus, dominus Herveus de Borham, in forma juris vocatus, ut super pluralitate beneficiorum et dignitatum secum esse dispensatum coram nobis ostenderet, idem per Procuratorem comparens, quibusdam transcriptis exhibitis, terminum admisit peremptorium ad exhibendum et docendum in premissis quod sibi posset expedire cum effectu; quo termino adveniente, et nobis ultra terminum de gracia diucius expectantibus, nichil in predictis exhibere seu docere curavit. Nos igitur precentoriam Ecclesie nostre, cujus possessioni de facto incumbit dominus H[erveus] supradictus, attendentes vacantem esse; nolentes diucius expectare, ne per nostram negligenciam potestas earn conferendi ad superiorem devolveretur, dilecto nobis in Christo, magistro Willelmo, [1] clerico nostro, eandem contulimus intuitu caritatis. Quocirca vobis manda mus quatinus ipsum, vel procuratorem ejus, in corporalem possessionem induci faciatis et defendatis inductum, eidem stallum in choro et locum in capitulo, prout moris est, assignantes. Valeatis. Datum apud Foleham, xiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri ijo.

[1] William de Montfort, afterwards Dean of St. Paul's, died suddenly in 1294 at Westminster from excitement at the King's demand of one half of the official income of the clergy. Besides prebends in London, Lichfield, and Hereford, he held ten benefices in various dioceses. (Papal Reg. 1 March, 1291).

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Nov. 19.- Mandate to Luke de Bree to exercise in the Bishop's name the jurisdiction belonging to the office of Dean, which is now disputed by the rival claimants with the result that offences remain unconnected.

Thomas, etc., magistro L[uce] de Bree, ejusdem Ecclesie Canonico, salutem, etc. Quanto ex pastoralis officii debito magis astringimur in hiis que ad salutem animarum pertinent delectari, tanto anxiis doloribus conturbamur cum aliqua perpendimus iminere que salutem earum impediunt et viam preparant ad Jehennam. Hinc est quod, magistro Egidio de Avenebury et Johanne de Aqua Blanca super jure decanatus Ecclesie nostre predicte litigantibus, ad quem, de consuetudine approbata, ut dicitur, spectat jurisdiccio, cura salutaris negligitur animarum, dum idem se mutuo inpugnantes prefate jurisdiccionis exercicium in subditos delinquentes modo debito non exercent. Ponderantes igitur pericula preterita ac presencia, que ob defectum correccionis in subditis dicti decanatus contigerunt et cotidie contingunt, volentes per ea cavere de futuris, habito super hiis cum viris prudentibus ac jurisperitis tractatu diligenti, de consilio eorundem correccionis omcium ad jurisdiccionis spectans exercicium dicti decanatus nobis assumpsimus exercendum. Quocirca vobis mandamus tenore presencium nrmiter injungentes, quatinus prefatum correccionis omcium vice et auctoritate nostra exequamini cum effectu, contradictores et rebelles per censuram ecclesiasticam compescendo. Valeatis. Datum apud Foleham, xiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Dec. 17.- The Bishop, in deference to the remonstrances of the Chapter reported to him by Adam de Fileby, consents to delay his action so far as the interests of the Chapter may be concerned.

Thomas, etc., Dominis Capitulo ejusdem Ecclesie, salutem, etc. Sollicitudine pastoralis officii prout statutis canonicis obligamur, saluti gregis nobis a Deo commissi pro viribus insistentes, hoc semper optavimus et optamus ut Ecclesie nostre negocia vestro consilio, auxilio pariter et assensu, unanimiter dirigantur, ut sue libertates per omnia rnaneant illibate, et nos in districti Judicis examine villicacionis nostre Sana consciencia possimus reddere libere racionem. Verum cum vos, in adjutorium regiminis convocati, trepidantes de prejudicio ubi timor non extat, quasi errores deviancium, ut prima facie videtur, approbantes, cum eis non resistitis nee

Episcopi Herefordensis. 113

resistere sustinetis, nobis, qui noctes insompnes ducimus ut vobis et aliis quietem preparemus, consiliis ne dicamus conspiracionibus vos preparastis insurgere, admirari non sufficimus in premissis que causa vel occasio vestre resistencie seu rebellionis esse queat, cum intencionis nostre nunquam fuerit in vestri prejudicium aliquid attemptare, prout per nostram protestacionem sub manu publica vobis recitatam plenius perpendere potuistis; unde, ut prediximus, ultra id quod possumus admiramur cur, in nostrum dedecus et vituperium, factum nostrum vobis nullatenus prejudiciale retractare et ab inceptis totaliter desistere per vestras litteras nos rogastis; dilectum in Christo filium magistrum Adam de Fileby, concanonicum vestrum, ad nos transmittentes, qui nobis ex parte vestra quedam que, ut vobis et sibi vere videbatur, in prejudicium et libertatis Capituli vestri lesionem vertebantur, de quibus nobis in parte scripsistis, plenius explanavit. Nos ergo licium materiam dirimere, fomitem odii et discordie destruere radicitus affectantes, in hiis que Capitulum mere contingunt supersedere volumus indilate. In hiis autem que ad Decanos pertinent volumus remissius exequi negocium inchoatum, factum nostrum quo ad eos non in toto revocantes, set pocius, vestris et predicti Magistri A[de] precnni instanciis inclinati, tolerabiliter expectantes usque in quindenam Sancti Hillarii; ut, si vos interim aliquam viam inveneritis qua possit iminentibus periculis obviari, eandem in termino predicto nobis, ubi tune fuerimus, presentatam approbemus, aut earn, si statum nostrum non deceat, reprobantes correccionis officium districcius exequamur. Voluntatem enim nostram et intencionem in premissis magistro Ade, presencium portitori, commisimus vobis plenius explanandum. Voluntatem vestram in hiis et aliis nobis per vestras litteras intimetis. Valeatis. Datum apud Arleye juxta Redinge, xvj Kalendas Januarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Nov. 19.- The Mayor and citizens of Hereford are notified that Luke de Bree is charged, by authority of the Bishop, with the jurisdiction belonging to the office of Dean.

[Fol. 34b] PRO DECANATU HEREFORDENSI. Thomas, etc., Majori et communitati civium Civitatis predicte salutem, etc. Sincere caritatis affectus, quern erga vos ut dilectos in Christo filios hactenus habuimus corditer et habemus, nos admonet, inducit pariter et compellit, ut ad ea que bonum pacis, tranquillitatis, et concordie vobis creare seu salubriter inducere poterunt totis visceribus intendamus. Hinc

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est quod, durante contencione lamentabili inter magistrum Egidium de Aunebury et dominum J[ohannem] de Aqua Blanca super decanatu Ecclesie nostre, extendente [1] inter quamplures vestros concives racione dictorum litigancium quasi quadam adherencia cum predictis, exorte sunt (instigante diabolo) varie contenciones, propter quas pax Ecclesie multipliciter perturbatur, tranquillitatis navis submergitur procellis sevientibus viciorum, amoris et concordie vinculo dissolute, odii fomes ac discordie cordibus inseritur plurimorum, [ex] quibus oriuntur aaimarum paricula, ac inter vos scand-ala quamplurirna generantur, maxime cum non habeatis cum effectu qui delinquentes corrigat aut querelantibus exhibeat justicie complementum. Nos ex officii nostri debito vestris turbacionibus, gravaminibus, et periculis paterno conpacientes affectu; volentes, ut tenemur, quantum possumus, animarum periculis obviare ac vestris utilitatibus providere; de consilio magnatum et jurisperitorum, dum durat predicta contericio inter E[gidium] et J[ohannem] memoratos, exercicium jurisdiccionis ad decanatum Herefordensem pertinentis in manus nostras assumpsimus; quam dilecto nobis in Christo filio magistro L[uce] de Bree, prefate Ecclesie Canonico, vice et auctoritate nostra commisimus exercendam sive exequendam, ut, servata Sancte Matris Ecclesie disciplina, vobis quies vera mentis et corporis et salus animarum in posterum preparetur. Quocirca vos omni qua possumus affeccione rogamus quatinus eidem magistro L[uce], vice nostra predictum officium exercenti, intendere velitis, tanquam nobis consilium et auxilium impendendo; attendentes quod ad nullius lucri temporalis commodum inhiat, prout ei precepimus, set solum ad salutem et mores reformandos viriliter debet [2] laborare. Valeatis. Datum apud Foleham, xiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

July. 19.- The Bishop sends Luke de Bree and John de Bradeham to confer, in his name, with the Chapter.

CAPITULO HEREFORDENSI PRO DECANATU EJUSDEM. Viris venerabilibus, etc., Capitulo Herefordensi, Thomas, etc., salutern, etc. Attendentes vos in partem sollicitudinis regiminis nobis commissi in Ecclesiam predictam divina providencia convocari, speramus firmiter quod, in hiis quibus animarum salus et Ecclesie nostre status reformacio poterunt iminere, nobis et nostris assistere

[1] In MS. extendentibus.
[2] In MS. debeat.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 115

velitis devocione quadam filiali, presertim in hiis que nulli nostrum generant prejudicium, set ad Dei laudem pertinent pariter et honorem. Quapropter, cum in decanatu Ecclesie nostre multa fuerint, prout melius nostis, ad que de consilio seniorum manus apponere cogimur inviti, dilectos nobis in Christo magistros Lucam de Bree et Johannem de Bradeham, clericos nostros, vobis transmittimus; omni vos affeccione qua possumus requirentes quatinus illos, vice nostra negocium et causas negocii vobis plenius exponentes, [Fol 35] favorabiliter exaudire velitis; magistro Luce concanonico vestro, cui vices nostras committimus in negocio per eundem vobis exponendo, assistentes consilio et auxilio et favore, ut invicem onera mutuo supportantes errores et peccata destruendo, legem Dei valeamus adimplere. Valeat cetus vester reverendus semper in Domino. Datum apud Foleham, xiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Nov . 19, Notice given to the clergy and laity of the Deanery of the jurisdiction entrusted to Luke de Bree.

PRO DECANATU HEREFORDENSI. Thomas, etc., omnibus rectoribus, vicariis, capellanis, et aliis subditis in decanatu prefate Ecclesie constitutis, salutem, etc. Cum tocius conditor creature ad hoc propiciatus humanarn voluit carnem assumere, et divinitatis sue gracia racionalem creaturam, ad similitudinern suam conditam, dirupto quo captivabatur vinculo, pristine libertati restituens a periculis liberare, salubriter agetur si pastoris incumbens officiis animarum obviet periculis et circa salutem earumdem laboret pro viribus et intendat. Hinc est quod cum notorium sit et manifestum multa et varia animarum pericula inter subditos decanatus predicti contigisse et cotidie contingere, quo dolemus, eo quod, lite durante inter magistrum Egidium de Aunebury et dominum Johannem de Aqua Blanca super jure ipsius decanatus, in delinquentes correccionis officium minime exercetur; volentes, ut lenemur ex officii nostri debito, predictis periculis adhibere remedium salutare, de consilio prudentium ac jurisperitorum correccionis officium nobis, sine prejudicio alterutrius litigancium predictorum, assumpsimus exercendum; cujus execucionem, vice et auctoritate nostra, dilecto nobis in Christo filio magistro L[uce] de Bree, Canonico Ecclesie supradicte, commisimus effectualiter exequendam. Quocirca vobis mandamus tenore presencium, sub pena districcionis canonice firmiter injungentes, quatinus in hiis que correccionis prefate aut

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jurisdiccionis officium contingunt, non obstante reclamacione vel appellacione cujuscunque, obediatis eidem; alioquin contra vos tanquam filios inobediencie procedemus, quatenus de jure fuerit precedendum. Datura apud Foleham, xiij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

Jan. 18, 1277.- Memorandum of the induction of Philip de Assefort to the chapelry of Collington Minor, and of the institution of John de Wicumbe to the Church of Barrow; also of the mandate of induction.

COLYNTONE. Memorandum quod Philippus de Assefort, capellanus, corporalem habet possessionem capelle de Colyntone minoris, set nondum est institutus in eadem, et debet querere suam institucioneni; et fuit inductus apud Bosebury, xv Kalendas Februarii, anno Domini MCCLXX sexto.

Item memorandum quod dictis die et loco Johannes de Wicumbe, clericus, admissus est ad ecclesiam de Barewe, et insti tutus est, secundum formam Constitucionis, in eadem; et injunctum est Omciali quod inducatur in corporalem possessionem. Litteram vero institucionis non habet.

Jan. 11, 1276.- Memorandum of the visitation of Leominster Priory, when the Bishop himself examined the Prior and Sub-Prior, and other monks through his Official and clerks.

LEOMINSTERIA: PONTIFICATUS DOMINI THOME, EPISCOPI HEBEFORDENSIS, SECUNDO ANNO.- Memorandum quod anno Domini MCCLXXvjto, indiccione quinta, iij Idus Januarii, Venerabilis Pater, Thomas, etc., fuit in prioratu Leominsterie causa visitandi monachos ejusdem prioratus; et proposito verbo Dei in capitulo loci, visitavit idem Pater, et examinavit primo Stephanum de Wattone, Priorem domus, et postmodum Robertum de Fikeldene, subpriorem domus; et magister Gilbertus de Heywode, clericus dicti Domini Episcopi, de mandate ipsius Episcopi visitavit et examinavit fratrem Willelmum de Wyntone et fratrem Jordanum de Multone et fratrem Ricardum de Wyntone, monachos ejusdem domus. Et magister Lucas de Bre, tune Officialis Herefordensis, de mandate ejusdem Domini Episcopi eodem tempore visitavit et examinavit fratrem Johannem de Tudyntone, monachum ejusdem loci. Magis ter vero Adam de Fileby ex mandate ejusdem dicto die visitavit.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 117

Et fuerunt presentes dictis die et loco in visitacione predicta domini Johannes de Wynbeldone, Willelmus de Faukeburne, capellani, domini Johannes de Clare, Johannes de Say, Nicholaus de Oxone, Johannes de Kemeseye, clerici dicti Episcopi, magistri Philippus de Kynardesleye et Willelmus de Lodelowe, et Rogerus de eadem, Adam, vicarius Leominsterie, Stephanus de Wentenoure, capellanus, Ricardus de Claverleye, capellanus, Herbertus de Sobedone, vicarius, Thomas, vicarius de Aylmundestre, Johannes de Kyngtone, capel lanus, Henricus de Stowa, capellanus, Thomas Faber, capellanus, Ricardus Witbred, capellanus, Johannes Gynes, diaconus, Hugo Paulyn, diaconus, Philippus de Stowa . . . diaconi, Robertus Pistor, Willelmus de Merdis, subdiaconi, Johannes de Oxone, Willelmus atte Hulle, Nicholaus Cultellarius, Henricus Apparitor, Petrus de Haddestone, Thomas de Salculke, Johannes de Stakebache, Eichardus le Porcher, Hugo Kanne., et Hugo de Firmario.

Dec. 16, 1276.- Memorandum of Priest's orders conferred on Adam Beaufitz after receipt of letters dimissory from the Bishop of Worcester, and promise of a yearly allowance of sixty shillings from John Beaufitz as title.

Memorandum quod die Mercurii proxima post Festum Sancte Lucie anno Domini MCC septuagesimo sexto accessit ad nos Adam Beaufis, capellanus, Wigorniensis diocesis, petens quod super ordinacione sua per litteras nostras testimoniales per[h]iberemus litteras dimissorias super ordinibus diaconatus et presbiteratus a quolibet Episcopo Cantuariensis Provincie recipiendis, a Domino Wigorniensi ei concessas ostendens, simul cum litteris eidem super certo titulo concessis, quarum tenor talis est, Reverendo Patri suo in Christo, Domino G[odefrido], Dei gracia Wigorniensi Episcopo, suus Johannes Biaufyz de Estlegge, [1] humilis et devotus in omnibus salutem cum omni honore, obedienciam et reverenciam. Venerandam Paternitatem vestram dignum duxi deposcendam quatinus Adam Biaufiz, dilectum nostrum nuncium, latorem presencium, divine caritatis intuitu et precum mearum intuitu ad ordines promovere velitis. Onus quidem sue promocionis in me penitus suscipio; et vos, Domine, et omnes successores vestros indempnes conservare promitto; dans eidem Ade Biaufiz annuatim sexaginta solidos sterlingorum de camera mea, quousque provisum sit ei in beneficio ecclesiastico. In cujus rei testimonium litteras meas,

[1] Both the personal and local names are variously spelt in the MS.

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signo meo signatas, Paternitati vestre mitto patentes. Datum apud Estleche, die Dominica proxima ante Festum Saricti Laurencii, anno gracie MCC septuagesimo quinto. Et quia titulus iste insufnciens reputatur, corporalem prestitit sacramentum se nunquam Episcopum Herefordensem inpetiturum racione alicujus tituli seu beneficii consequendi. Tenor autem litteramm eidem J[ohanni] concessarum talis est, Omnibus Sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis Thomas, etc. Noverit universitas vestra nos dominum Adam Beaufiz de Estlecche, de diocesi Wygorniensi oriundum, littera dimissoria Domini Godefridi, Dei gracia Wygorniensis, super hoc inspecta, ad presentacionem nostri Capituli Herefordensis in presbiterum ordinasse. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Aiieye juxta Kadinge, xvij Kalendas Januarii, anno gracie MCCLXX sexto.

Jan. 15, 1277. Memorandum of the various terms proposed in Chapter as to the decanal jurisdiction which the Chapter should assume and delegate to some one or more, with or without the consent of the rival claimants.

HEREFORDE PRO JURISDICCIONE. Memorandum quod anno Domini M CCLXXvj, xviij Kalendas Februarii, in presencia Thome, Herefordensis Episcopi, Pontificatus sui anno secundo, super contencione decanatus racione jurisdiccionis exercende in eodem decanatu pendente causa, ex parte Capituli et parcium, videlicet magistri Egidii et Cancellarii, fuerunt provise formule infrascripte, Domino Episcopo ipsas audiente, set expressum consensum vel taciturn plane noil adhibuit. Prima forma pacis est hec; videlicet quod Capitulum assumat jurisdiccionem decanatus de consensu illorum qui super decanatu contendunt; dum tamen caveatur illis competenter de indempnitate.

Secunda est quod Capitulum assumat ipsam jurisdiccionem, eis contradicentibus, appellantibus, et reclamantibus; modo tamen curiali, ne consentire videantur in prejudicium cause eorum. Tercia est quod partes committant jurisdiccionem certe persone, seu certis personis, qui earn nomine decani gerant; et emolumenta et perquisita conserventur in thesauraria Herefordensi usque in eventum causarum.

Et promittunt partes Capitulo quod infra Dominicam qua cantatur Letare, Jerusalem, unam ex predictis formis acceptabunt fideliter et bona fide.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 119

Jan. 24. Induction of Walter de Middleton to the Vicarage of Bredwardine without letters of institution.

BREDWORDIN. Memorandum quod dominus Walterus de Miteletone, capellanus, inducitur in corporalem possessionem vicarie ecclesie de Bredworthin, ix Kalendas Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo. Tamen non habet litteras de institucione.

Jan. 17. Institution of John de Wycombe to the chapelry of Barrow, on the presentation of the Prior and Convent of Wenlock.

BARROWE. Thomas, etc., filio suo Johanni de Wicumbe, clerico, salutem, etc. Ad presentacionem religiosorum virorum, Prioris et Conventus de Wenloke, verorum patronorum capelle de Barewe, te caritative admittimus et Rectorem instituimus in eadem, etc.; salvis predictis religiosis et ecclesie sue de Wenloke consuetudinibus et pensione viginti solidorum in Festo Sancti Johannis Baptiste sibi annuatim solvenda in dicta capella debitis et consuetis. In cujus etc. Datum apud Prestone, xvj Kalendas Februarii, anno Domini M CCLXXvjto.

Mar. 17.- Institution of Walter de Astley to the Vicarage of Stoke Say. Mandate of induction.

STOKE SAY. Memorandum quod dominus Walterus de Asteleye, capellanus, habuit apud Bosebury, xvi Kalendas Aprilis, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo, institucionem vicarie de Stoke Say; et mandabatur Officiali quod poneret eum in corporalem possessionem ejusdem.

Jan 7.- Memorandum of the collation of William de Montfort to the Precentorship, and of the induction of his Proctor.

PRECENTOBIA ECCLESIE HEREFORDENSIS. Memorandum quod vij Idus Januarii, apul Bosebyry, collata fuit magistro Willelmo de Monte Forti precentoria Herefordensis Ecclesie, et die Martis proximo subsequente inductus fuit magister Ricardus de Cuysele, Procurator ejusdem magistri W[illelmi], in corporalem possessionem dicte precentorie, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.

The sequestration of the Church of Stretton is released, and Walter, who claims to be Rector, is to be ordained sub-deacon when he is in his 18th year.

STRETTONE. Memorandum quod concessum est Waltero, filio W., medici, qui se gerit pro Rectore ecclesie de Strettone, cum sit

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jam, ut testatum est, in xvij anno, quod, ipso intrante in xviij anno, ad proximos ordines accedat in subdiaconum ordinandus, et interim relaxetur sequestrum.

Mar, 28.- Memorandum of licence to study abroad for three years to Roger de Ludlow, Rector of Onibury.

ONEBURY. Item memorandum quod magister Rogerus de Lodele habuit Herefordie, v Kalendas Aprilis, licenciam studendi in partibus transmarinis per triennium ab Annunciacione Beate Virginis, anno predicto; qui Rogerus est Rector ecclesie de Onebury.

Memorandum that William Mortimer is granted the custody of a portion of Burford at the Bishop's pleasure.

BUREFORDE. Item memorandum quod magister Willelmus de Mortuo Mari habet corporalem possessionem porcionis de Bureford, nomine custodie, ad voluntatem Domini.

Memorandum that Philip the Welshman has the custody of Stretton Church at the Bishop's pleasure.

STRETTONE IN STRETTONE DALE. Item memorandum quod magister Philippus le Waleys habet corporalem possessionem ec clesie de Strettone in Strettone Dale, custodie nomine, ad volun tatem Dominie.

April 6.- Memorandum that William Daubeny is instituted to the Church of Ross.

Eos. Item memorandum quod dominus Willelmus de Albaniaco habuit institucionem ecclesie de Eos, apud Sugwas, viij Idus Aprilis.

April 22.- Collation of Luke de Bree to the Treasurership vacant by the death of William le Rus, and mandate of induction sent to the Hebdomadary. This was repeated as an earlier mandate was expressed in conditional terms.

THESAURARIA ECCLESIE HEREFORDENSIS. Memorandum quod Dominus contulit intuitu caritatis magistro Luce de Bre thesaurariam Ecclesie Herefordensis, quatenus vacavit per mortem domini

Episcopi Herefordensis. 121

Willelmi le Eus, apud Arleye juxta Readinge, Idibus Aprilis. Et in eadem forma mandatum est Ebdomodario Ecclesie memorate quod inducat eum in corporalem possessionem dicte thesaurarie, stallum in choro, locum in capitulo, prout moris est, assignando eidem. Datum die et loco supradictis. Quia mandatum directum dicto Ebdomodario modificatum vel condicionatum videbatur, propter quod in suspenso remansit dictum negocium, iterum scriptum est magistro Willelmo de la Hay, vel Ebdomodario, simpliciter nulla adjecta condicione; et hoc apud Kensintone, x Kalendas Maii, anno supradicto.

Apr. 22.- Memorandum that Philip the Welshman is instituted to Stretton Church, in Stretton Dale. As he is already in possession, no mandate of induction is required.

STRETTONE IN STEETTONE DALE ITERUM. Memorandum quod magister Philippus dictus le Waleys habuit institucionem ecclesie de Strettone in Strettone Dale secundum formam Constitucionis, etc., apud Westmonasterium, x Kalendas Maii. Et non est man datum Officiali quod inducat eum in corporalem possessionem, quia, ut patet superius, prius habuit corporalem ejusdem ecclesie possessionem, tamen nomine custodie.

Jan. 4, 1277.- Memorandum that William de St. John is collated to the prebend vacated by Hervey de Borham, and mandate of induction is sent.

MEMORANDUM COLLACIONIS PREBENDE QUAM TENUIT H[ERVEUS] DE BORHAM. Item memorandum quod ij nonas Januarii, apud Samford juxta Oxoniam, collata fuit magistro Willelmo de Sancto Johanne prebenda quam tenuit dominus Herveus de Borham in Ecclesia Herefordensi; et mandatum fuit Ebdomodario dicte Ecclesie, die et loco supradictis, et Pontificatus nostri anno secundo, quod dictum magistrum W[illelmum], vel ejus Procuratorem, in corporalem inducat possessionem prefate prebende, prout moris est, etc.

Apr. 13.- Memorandum of mandate to the Official to induct Adam de Berecroft to the Vicarage of Meole Brace if the results of the usual inquiry are satisfactory.

CUSTODIA VICARIE DE MOELES. Item memorandum quod mandabatur Officiali, Idibus Aprilis, apud Arleye juxta Readinge, quod, si

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omnia in inquisicione facienda super vicaria ecclesie de Moeles pro domino Ada de Berecroft, capellano, per Dominum Abbatem de Wygemore ad eandem presentato, rite fierent, eundem in corporalem possessionem dicte vicarie, custodie nomine, poneret ex nostra gracia speciali; Pontificates nostri anno secundo.

May 11.- Request that the Bishop of Worcester will allow William de Montfort to be inducted to the church of the prebend of Inkberrow, to which he has been collated.

EPISCOPO WYGORNIENSI PRO ECCLESIA DE YNTEBERGE. Venerabili Patri in Christo, Domino G[odefrido], Dei gracia Episcopo Wygorniensi, Thomas, etc., salutem et fraterne caritatis in Christo semper affectum. Cum ecclesia de Ynteberge, vestre diocesis, Ecclesie nostre Herefordensis sit prebenda, et ad nostram collacionem dinoscatur spectare; quam quidem prebendam dilecto nobis in Christo magistro Willelmo de Monte Forti nuper contulimus intuitu caritatis; Paternitatem vestram requirimus et rogamus in Domino quatinus predicto magistro Willelmo, vel Pro curatori ejusdem, corporalem possessionem dicte ecclesie ingredi volenti, prout moris est, benignum consensum adhibere velitis pariter et assensum. Valeat Paternitas vestra semper in Domino Jhesu Christo. Datum apud Arleye, v Idus Mali, anno Domini M CCLXX: vij

Apr. 13.- William de Montfort is collated to the prebend of Inkberrow, vacated by the death of William de Kingston.

COLLACIO PREBENDE DE YNTEBERGE. Thomas, etc., magistro Willelmo de Montforti salutem, etc. Prebendam de Ynteberge ad nostram Ecclesiam Herefordensem pertinentem, per mortem domini Willelmi de Kyngestone vacantem, et ad nostram collacionem spectantem, tibi intuitu caritatis conferimus per presentos. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Arleye, Idibus Aprilis, anno grade MCCLXX septimo, Consecracionis nostre anno secundo.

May 30.- Institution of Geoffrey de Aylun, presented by the Prior and Convent of Llanthony Prima to the Vicarage of Yazor. Mandate of induction.

[Fol. 36b] YAUESORE. Thomas, etc., domino Galfrido de Aylun, capellano, salutem, etc. Ad vicariam ecclesie de Yawesore, ad presentacionem

Episcopi Herefordensis. 123

religiosorum virorum, Prioris et Conventus Lantonie Prime, verorum patronorum ejusdem, te caritative admittimus et perpetuum vicarium canonice instituimus in eadem. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Arleye juxta Readinge, iij Kalendas Junii, anno Domini MCCLXXvij - Et mandatum est Officiali quod inducat eum, etc.

May 31.- Letters dimissory granted to John of Monmouth for subdeacon's orders.

MAGISTRO JOHANNI DE MONEMUTA. Memorandum quod ij Kalendas Junii apud Arleye, magister Johannes de Monemuta habuit litteras dimissorias ad recipiendum ordinem subdiaconi a quocunque Episcopo Cantuariensis Provincie, non obstante quod de nostra diocesi oriundus et in eadem beneficiatus existit.

Notice of the Bishop's grant of wood for fuel and repairs to his tenant Roger de Evesham at Brinkesty in Whitbourne.

EOGERUS DE EVESHAM. Universis presentibus et futuris Thomas, etc., salutem. Noveritis nos pro nobis et successoribus nostris concessisse Rogero de Evesham, et heredibus vel assignatis suis, quod habeant focale, housbote et haybote, in bosco nostro de Brinkestye sine vasto, et hoc per visum ballivi nostri de Bromeyerd seu forestarii ejusdem bosci, ad illud capitale mesuagium quod de nobis tenet in manerio de Whyteburne, sine impedimento nostri et successorum nostrorum imperpetuum. In cujus, etc. Hiis testibus, dominis Waltero de Helion, Egidio de Berkeley, Rogero de Borhhulle, Ricardo de Baggindene, Eustachio de Whyteneye, militibus; Hugone de Pauntone, Willelmo de la Fenne, et aliis.

The hospice of the parson of Powick assigned to the Bishop as quarters by the King's Marshal, a year before the assembly of magnates summoned to meet the King at Worcester on July 1, was refused him in favour of the Earl of Gloucester. As his baggage has been sent to Whitbourne, he can only occupy by a few of his people the quarters which by the King's orders are now re-assigned.

DE HOSPICIO DE POYWYKE. Memorandum quod, cum in Octabis Nativitatis Sancti Johannis, anno Domini MCCLXXmo- septimo, Rex Edwardus, convocatis proceribus et aliis magnatibus terre, apud Wygorniam venire deberet, et ab illinc in Walliam esset profecturus, et Thomas, Herefordensis Episcopus, per suos bene

124 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

per tres septimanas ante diem predictam hospicium persone de Poywyke petierat sibi assignari, racione liberacionis Marescalli Regis, scilicet domini Galfridi de Eyerie, fere per annum sibi prius facte; et dominus Radulfus Bluet, tune tenens locum Marescalli, respondit quod omnia hospicia ab Henle usque ad Poywyke inclusive Comiti Glovernie et suis, de precepto Regis speciali, assignavit; et de hoc conquerebatur dictus Episcopus Domino Regi in presencia dicti Radulfi, et precepit Rex eidem Radulfo quod sine dilacione dictum hospicium dicto Episcopo liberaret; quod et factum fuit; tamen Episcopus ilia vice ibi non jacuit, quia totum hernesium suum jam premiserat apud Whyteburne, set aliqui de suis ibidem pernoctabant.

Apr. 27, 1277.- Letter from Pope John XXI. directing the Bishop to inquire into the character of Peter de Llanrothal, who is of illegitimate birth, and to grant him a dispensation for Holy Orders, if found worthy. The letter is presented, and Peter is bidden to study singing for a whole year.

LITTERA PAPALIS PRO PETRO DE LANRETHAL, CLERICO. Johannes Episcopus, Servus servorum Dei, Venerabili Fratri Episcopo Herefordensi salutem et apostolicam benediccionem. Constitutus in presencia nostra dilectus films Petrus de Lanrethal, clericus tue diocesis, nobis humiliter supplicavit ut cum eo super defectu natalium, etc., ut supra (p. 65). Volumus autem quod dictus clericus per annum in cantu studeat antequam ad hujusmodi dispensacionis graciam admittatur. Datum Viterbii, v Kalendas Maii, Pontificatus nostri anno primo. Memorandum quod hec littera presentata fuit Thome, Episcopo Herefordensi, die Jovis proximo ante Festum Beate Margarete Virginis per Petrum Llanrethal apud Sugwas, anno Domini M CCLXXseptimo; et injunctum est ei ut per annum continuum discat cantum.

July 10.- Walter de Kemsey is instituted to the Vicarage of Lindridge.

LANDRUGGE. Memorandum quod dominus Walterus de Kemeseye habuit institucionem vicarie de Lindrugge apud Witeburne, vj Idus Julii, anno Domini MCCLXXseptimo, quam Dominus ei contulit auctoritate Concilii Lugdunensis intuitu caritatis; cujus possessionem ad mandatum Domini antea habuit.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 125

July 14.- Walter de Burton lias letters of institution to the Vicarage of Bridstow, possession of which had been before conditionally granted.

BEIDESTOWE. Memorandum quod dominus Walterus de Beritone optinuit litteram institucionis vicarie de Bridestowe, apud Sugwas, ij Idus Julii, anno supradicto; cujus prius possessionem optinuit per Officialem ad mandatum Domini condicionaliter eidem Officiali directum.

Licence of non-residence for a year to study is granted to Robert de Lacy, Rector of Brampton Bryan, at the instance of Brother Joseph, the King's Treasurer.

BROMPTONE BRIAN, LICENCIA STUDENDI. Memorandum quod Dominus, ad instanciam fratris Josep, Thesaurarii Domini Regis, Roberto de Lasci, Rectori de Bromptone Brian, litteratorie concessit quod a Festo Sancti Michaelis, anno Domini MCCLXXvij usque in annum continuum possit scolasticis disciplinis vacare. Datum apud Sugwas.

July 20.- Mandate to the Official to cite James, Archdeacon of Salop, to appear before the Bishop or his commissaries to answer for plurality of benefices, non-residence, and other offences.

CITACIO ARCHIDIACONI SALOPIE. Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc. Quanto statuta canonica salutem magis respiciunt animarum, tanto ex officii nostri debito eandem exequi forcius obligamur, et districcione canonica contravenientes pro viribus cohercere. Cum igitur vir venerabilis et discretus magister Jacobus Archidiaconus Salopie in multis obviaverit, ut accepimus, canonicis institutis, vobis tenore presencium nrmiter injungendo mandamus quatinus dictum Archidiaconum peremptorie citetis quod compareat coram nobis die Veneris proximo post Exaltacionem Sancte Crucis, ubicunque tune fuerimus in Episcopatu, nostro, vel coram commissariis nostris in majori Ecclesia Herefordeosi, si nos dicto die extra Episcopatum nostrum esse contingat, quo jure plura beneficia curam animarum habencia retineat, et quare in suo Archidiaconatu secundum formam Constitucionis non resideat, ostensurus, et super sequestro nostro in prebenda sua de Ledebury violate; necnon et super criminibus sibi obiciendis responsurus, et juri pariturus.

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Quid autem inde feceritis nos, vel commissaries nostros, dictis die et loco, per vestras litteras patentes harum seriern continentes, reddatis cerciores. Valeatis. Datum apud Sugwas, xiij Kalendas Augusti, ConsecracioDis nostre anno secundo.

July 22.- Mandate to the Dean of Frome to cite James de Aquablanca, prebendary of Ledbury, Peter and Poncius de Cors, prebendaries of Bromyard, and the Rectors of Whitburne and Ullingswick to appear before the Bishop and answer to the charges of non-residence and repeated contumacy.

Et in consimili mandatum est Decano de Froma. Thomas, etc., Decano de Froma salutem, etc. Aflectantes variis periculis occurrere que ex eorum absencia iminent qui in nostra diocesi tenentur animas regere in suis beneficiis legitime commorantes, vobis tenore presencium firmiter injungendo man damus quatinus Jacobum [1] de Aqua Blanka, Rectorem unius prebende de Ledebury, Petrum et Poncium de Cors, [2] Rectores duarum prebendarum in Ecclesia de Bromyard, Hugonern de Turnun, Bectorem ecclesie de Wyteburne, item . . . Rectorem ecclesie de Ullingwike, auctoritate nostra, in ecclesiis suis predictis, publice et sollempniter moneatis quatinus citra Festum Beati Mathei, Apostoli, ad suas ecclesias sub pena privacionis redeant, in eis residenciam facturi, prout precipiunt canonice sancciones; citantes eos nichilominus in locis supradictis quod compareant coram nobis die Veneris proximo post Exaltacionem Sancte Crucis, ubicunque, etc. Quid autem super hiis feceritis, etc. Datum apud Sugwas, xj Kalendas Augusti, Consecracionis nostre anno secundo.

Nov. 24, 1276.- Papal Bull authorising the Bishop to appropriate the revenues of the Churches of Ledbury and Bosbury, of which he is patron, to the charges of the Episcopal Table.

BULLA PAPALIS INDULTA EPISCOPO HEREFORDENSI SUPER ECCLESIIS DE LEDEBURY ET BOSEBURY IN PROPRIOS usus RETINENDIS. Innocencius Episcopus, Servus servorum Dei, Venerabili Fratri Episcopo Herefordensi salutem et apostolicam benediccionem. Cum Episcopalis mense defectus eo sit gravior quo forcius tenentur Episcopi ex officii sui debito existere hospitales, nos, audita necessitate mense tue, cujus adeo tenues asseris esse proventus

[1]. In MS. Johannem.
[2]. They were nephews of the Chancellor, of the Aquablanca family, and are otherwise designated as de Salinis.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 127

ut hospitalitatem ex eis nequeas excercere, tuis precibus inclinati, auctoritate tibi presencium indulgemus ut liceat tibi de Ledebury et de Bosebury ecclesias tue diocesis, in quibus jus optines patronatus, ad collacionem tuam, ut asseris, pleno jure spectantes, in usus proprios cum vacaverint retinere. Ita tamen quod in eis facias per ydoneos vicarios deserviri, et eis ex earumdem proventibus porcionem congruam assignari, ex qua comode sustentari valeant ac hospitalitatem et alia Ecclesie onera supportare. Nulli igitur omnino homini liceat hanc paginam nostre concessionis infringere vel ei ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attemptare presumpserit, indignacionem Omnipotentis Dei et Beatorum Petri et Pauli, Apostolorum ejus, se noverit incursurum. Datum Laterani, viij Kalendas Decembris, Pontificatus nostri anno primo.

July 20. Mandate to the Dean of Archenfield to cite Thomas de St. Gilles, calling himself Rector of Tretire, to answer to the charge of plurality of benefices.

CITACIO MAGISTRI THOME DE SANCTO EGIDIO. Thomas, etc., Decano de Irchenfield salutem, etc., Cum magister Thomas de Sancto Egidio, gerens se pro rectore ecclesie de Retir, alias vocatus fuisset ostensurus quo jure plura beneficia curam animarum habencia retiueret, nee id hactenus facere curaverit, vobis firiniter injungendo mandamus quatinus predictum magistrum Thomam peremptorie citetis quod compareat coram nobis, vel cominissariis nostris, die Jovis proximo ante Festum Sancti Petri ad Vincula, ubicunque, etc. Quid autern super hiis feceritis, etc. Valeatis. Datum apud Sugwas, xiij Kalendas Augusti, Consecracionis nostre anno secundo.

July 15. At the instance of Thomas de Ingelthorp, Dean of St. Paul's, London, sequestration of the tithes of Coddington was released till Michaelmas.

KOTINTONE. Memorandum quod die Jovis proximo ante Festum Beate Margarete, anno predicto, ad instanciam magistri Thome de Ingelthorp, Decani Londoniensis, fecit Dominus graciam Rectori ecclesie de Kotintone, continuandam a dicto die Jovis usque ad Festum Sancti Michaelis proximo venturum. Et ob hoc mandetur ballivo de Bosebury quod interim non paciatur fructus ipsius ecclesie usquam distrahi per prefatum Rectorem.

128 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Sept., 1256. Deed of gift by Bishop Peter of lands in Holme Lacy, bought by him of the Prior and Convent of Craswell and others, and vested by him in the Chapter for the good of his own soul, and of the souls of other Bishops of the Diocese and of Bernard [1], Prior of Champagne and others, on condition that certain quantities of corn should be distributed at stated times to all poor applicants. If the monks of Craswell reclaim their lands, others are to be bought for five hundred marks, and for this sum all the Bishop's personal property is to be pledged. Of any wardships or marriage rights that may accrue half the proceeds are to go to the Dean and Chapter, and half to the fabric fund of the Cathedral; the forty-two oxen and carts now on the land are to be the property of the Chapter, as also the emblements. Formal acceptance of the same by the Dean and Chapter, who undertake, that every Canon, on his installation, shall swear to observe the conditions of this charter.

CARTA DE HAMME. Universis Christi fidelibus presentes litteras inspecturis vel eciam audituris Afncelinus] Decanus et Capitulum Herefordensis Ecclesie salutem in Domino Jhesu Christo. Ad universitatis vestre noticiam volumus pervenire nos, visa et inspecta utilitate Ecclesie nostre, a Venerabili Patre nostro P[etro], Dei gracia ipsius Ecclesie Episcopo, totam terram cum omnibus suispertinenciis, pascuis, molendinis, planis, nemoribus, homagiis, et rebus aliis, quam quidem terram monachi de Crasswelle, Grandemontensis Ordinis, in villa [sive] parochia de Hamma Lacy tenuerunt, et aliquo tempore possederunt, et omnem aliam terram cum omnibus suis pertinenciis quam memoratus Episcopus in dicta parochia sive villa tenebat seu possidebat, de communi consensu tocius Capituli recepisse, sub convencionibus, paccionibus, et condicionibus que in litteris super collacione dictarum terrarum et pertinenciarum a memorato Venerabili Patre nobis facta confectis plenius continentur. Quarum litterarum tenor talis est. Universis Christi fidelibus, etc., Petrus, etc., eternam in Domino salutem. Noverit universitas vestra quod nos dedimus, etc., Deo et Beate Marie ac Beato Ethelberto, Martiri, omnibusque Sanctis Dei, et Decano et Capitulo Herefordensi, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, pro salute anime nostre et pro animabus antecessorum et successorum nostrorum, Episcoporum, et pro anima felicis recordacionis [Bernardi] l quondam Prioris Campaniensis, et pro animabus

[1] Bernard of Champagne, an agent of Bishop Peter, was murdered in the Cathedral, as the Annalist of Tewkesbury says, Quidam Francigena, non religiosits sed irreligiosus, . meritis suis exigentibus . . . se in capella suci (S. Marie Magdalene, Ann. Wigorn.) tnissam audiente, a quibusdani perimitur (Ann. de Theok. p. 148). John de Frome was arrested as guilty of the murder, and was claimed as a cleric by Bishop Peter, but handed back to the King's officers when no sign of tonsure was found. Taken to London he was claimed by the Bishop of London as a reputed cleric, and then again by the Bishop of Hereford. The King writes from Gascony in much perplexity to direct the Official of Canterbury to keep him in ward till the question could be decided. (Gascon Rolls, 3711, 3712.) The name Bernard is given in a deed of sale in the Chapter Archives.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 129

omnium parentum et benefactorum nostrorum, omniumque fidelium defunctorum, septem carrucatas terre quas acquisivimus in manerio et parochia de Hamme Lacy, videlicet terras quas emimus ab Abbate et Conventu de Lavendene, et terrain quam emimus a magistro Willelmo de Batone, clerico nostro, et terras quas emimus a Priore de Crasswelle et ejusdem loci fratribus Ordinis Grandemontensis, cum capitali mesuagio et aliis mesuagiis, grangiis, et omnibus aliis edificiis, etc., redditibus, nemoribus et molendinis, gardinis, vinariis, piscariis, stagnis, rivariis, pratis, pascuis, viis, semitis, et omnibus aliis aisiamentis, et omnibus homagiis libere tenencium et non libere tenencium, et specialiter cum homagio domini Henrici de Bradele et heredum suorum, et omnibus aliis rebus et libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus, tarn nominatis quam non nominatis, ad omnes predictas terras pertinentibus; salvo nobis et successoribus nostris de dictis terris antiquo servicio debito et consueto. Dedimus eciam, etc., quatuor libras sterlingorum annui redditus quas debent nobis Prior et Conventus [Sancti] Gutlaci Herefordie pro molendinis Herefordie que emimus et eisdem ad nrmam perpetuam concessimus. Et quia pium est pauperibus in necessitatis tempore subvenire, volumus, et de consensu predictorum Decani et Capituli ordinamus, quod pro predictis omnibus iidem Decanus et Capitulum ducentas et quadraginta summas duri bladi, videlicet boni mixtilionis annuatim pauperibus erogent, et in pane distribuant in Domo Episcopali Herefordensi duobus anni mensibus, in Junio scilicet et Julio, ita quod dicta distribucio fiat ter in qualibet septimana duorum mensium predictorum, et cuilibet pauperi venienti detur qualibet [die] ipsius distribucionis panis tante quantitatis quod ex eo possit per unam diem commode sustentari; et in qualibet septimana dictorum mensium, durante dicta distribucione, fiat provisio competens et sufficiens per unam diem in pane fratribus minoribus Herefordie residentibus. Et si forte contigerit tantam multitudinem pauperum ad distribucionem supradictam confluere quod non posset distribucio usque ad finem dictorum mensium perfici, ut est dictum, fiat secundum formam predictam quamdiu sufficiet dictum bladum. Et siquid post dictos duos menses de dicto blado residuum fuerit, distribuatur in subsequentibus septimanis. Volumus eciam et ordinamus quod fratribus de Crassewelle [1] quingente marce solvantur de pecunia nostra si quitare voluerint

[1] The monks of Craswell appear to have accepted the terms here proposed. In 1539 the estate was leased by the Dean and Chapter for 198 years at a reserved rent of six pounds. John Scudamore, grandson of the original lessee, gave the tithes of Fownhope in exchange for it in 1581.

130 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

et quitaverint jura et acciones, siqua eis competunt in rebus superius nominatis. Quod nisi fecerint dicti fratres, et terras quas ab eis emimus evicerint, de dictis quingentis marcis emantur terre equivalentes, et loco terrarum predictarum subrogentur. Pro quibus quingentis marcis eisdem Decano et Capitulo omnia bona nostra mobilia obligamus. Et quousque terre predicte empte fuerint, vel commode emi potuerint, detrahatur de distribucione supradicta quantum secundum estimacionem bonorum virorum fuerit detrahendum. Volumus eciam et de consensu predictorum Decani et Capituli ordinamus quod, quocienscunque garda vel maritagium, aut utrumque, heredum vel successorum domini Henrici de Bradele ad eosdem Decanum et Capitulum devenerit quoquo modo, medietas tocius emolumenti ipsorum garde vel maritagii, aut utriusque, cedat eisdem Decano et Capitulo pleno jure, ut in hoc saltern, si super premissis in aliquo gravati fuerint, releventur. Alia vero medietas applicetur fabrice et refeccioni Ecclesie Herefordensis Cathedralis. Et ut liberius et libencius memorati Decanus et Capitulum adimpleant et perficiant supradicta, volentes in beneficiis nostris excrescere, quadraginta et duos boves quos in dicto manerio habebamus, cum curribus, quadrigis, et carrucis ibidem ad presens existentibus, eisdem dedimus et concessimus cum predictis; et hac vice expensis nostris faciemus terras que seminande fuerint seminari. Ipsi vero Decanus et Capitulum primo supradictam distribucionem facient anno ab Incarnacione Domini millesimo ducentesimo quinquagesimo octavo, et postea quolibet anno imperpetuum, prout est superius ordinatum. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus apposuimus. Datum mense Septembri, anno Domini millesimo ducentesimo quinquagesimo sexto. Nos vero prefati Decanus et Capitulum supradictam collacionem sub predictis convencionibus, paccionibus, et condicionibus nobis factam, gratam et ratam habentes et quantum in nobis est, approbantes, vovemus Deo et Beate Marie genitrici sue, et Beato Ethelberto, Martyri, omnibusque Sanctis Dei, et eidem Venerabili Patri promittimus bona fide omnia supradicta generaliter et singula singulariter firmiter imperpetuum observare et fideliter adimplere; volentes et statuentes quod quilibet Canonicus, cum jurabit statuta et consuetudines Herefordensis Ecclesie observare, ut moris est, juret specialiter quod ea que in presentibus litteris continentur fideliter imperpetuum observabit. Renunciamus eciam in hoc facto beneficio restitucionis in integrum, doli, et in factum accioni, et omnibus defensionibus competituris et competentibus, et omni juris beneficio seu auxilio

Episcopi Herefordensis. 131

per quod supradicta possent infirmari in toto seu in parte, vel eciam nulla dici; subicientes nos spontanea voluntate jurisdiccioni Herefordensis Episcopi qui pro tempore fuerit, quo ad observacionem omnium predictorum sine strepitu judiciali; unica tamen monicione premissa, per omnimodam censurarn Ecclesiasticam, si necesse fuerit, nos compellat. In quorum omnium robur, memoriam, et testimonium presentes litteras, etc. Datum Herefordie, mense Septembri, anno Domini MCC quinquagesimo sexto.

July 28. The custody of the Church of Pencombe is entrusted for six months to John de Chandos, at the presentation of Eustace de Whitney.

PENECUMBE. Thomas, etc, magistro Johanni de Chaundoys, capellano, salutem, etc. Ecclesiam de Penecumbe, ad presentacionem dilecti in Christo filii, domini Eustachii de Wynteneye, militis, veri patroni ejusdem, tibi caritatis intuitu ad sex menses continuos commendamus secundam formam Constitucionis, etc. In cujus, etc. Datum apud Sugwas, v Kalendas Augusti, anno Domini MCC septuagesimo septimo. Magister Johannes de Chaundos habet aliam ecclesiam in Diocesi Saresbiriensi, que vocatur Hamptone Meysi.

July 22. The Bishop fixed a day for Thomas de St. Gilles to shew by what right he holds several benefices with cure of souls.

MAGISTRI THOME DE SANCTO EGTDIO. Memorandum quod die Jovis proximo ante Festum Beati Jacobi, Apostoli, Dominus prefixit diem magistro Thome de Sancto Egidio ad peticionem ipsius Thome; diem videlicet Jovis proximum post Festum Sancti Petri ad Vincula, ubicunque, etc., ostensuro, etc.

. 7. The Deans of Pontesbury and Chin are instructed to warn and, if need be, excommunicate in the Churches of Montgomery and Churchstoke offenders who have carried off the cattle of the Bishop's tenants, and extorted tolls from them in their markets.

Thomas, etc., Decanis de Pontesbiry et de Clone salutem, etc. Intelleximus quod quidam terras nostras et Ecclesie nostre Here fordensis, tumultuario mentis impulsu, contra jura et libertates nostras et Ecclesie nostre, sunt ingressi, capientes averia Maddok

132 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

dicti capellani, Walteri filii Johannis de Linleye, et aliorum hominum nostrorum; et ea extra nostram libertatem abducentes, tolnetum eciam ab hominibus nostris, libertate Ecclesie nostre non obstante, in suis mercatibus extorquentes, in prejudicium libertatum nostri et Ecclesie nostre et dampnum non modicum seu gravamen. Quocirca vobis mandamus tenore presencium firmiter injungentes quatinus in singulis Ecclesiis vestrorum decanatuum, et maxime in ecclesia de Monte Gomeri et ecclesia de Chyrchestoke, habita de premissis inquisicione diligenti, si inveneritis ita esse, tune legitima monicione premissa, nisi fuerit nobis et Ecclesie nostre de predictis injuriis infra octo dies satisfactum, omnes dictos transgressores sentenciam majoris excommunicacionis incurrisse ipso facto publice et sollempniter denuncietis in genere. Quid autem super hiis feceritis nobis citra festum Beati Bartholomei, Apostoli, ubicunque, etc.; interim autem de nominibus transgressorum plenius inquirentes; de quibus eciam nos certificare curetis citra Festum superius memoratum. Valeatis. Datum apud Sugwas, vij Idus Augusti, Consecracionis nostre anno secundo.

Aug. 5. Mandate to the Dean of Pontesbury to hold inquiry and report the names of those luho have robbed the Prior of Alberbury and the Chapel of Bettws, and to promulgate sentence of excommunication.

DECANO DE PONTESBYRY. Mandatum est Decano de Pontesbyry quod denunciet in genere excommunicatos omnes qui, contra immunitatem [1] Ecclesie et libertatem Herefordie, depredaciones et sacrilegia commiserunt in bonis Prioris de Albebury et capelle de Betteus [2] pertinentis pro parte ad Priorem de Chirebury, in quisicione habita et legitima monicione premissa, et quod nomina malefactorum inquirat, et super hiis nos certificet. [3] Datum Nonis Augusti. Item mandatum est eidem quod omnes dictos malefactores, canonica monicione premissa, excommunicet nominatim. Datum in Festo Assumpcionis Beate Virginis, et certificabit citra Nativitatem Beate Virginis.

[1] In MS. emunitatetn, as also below.
[2] Betty y Cwm was in 1331 a dependency of the Parish Church of Clun. (Eyton, Shropshire, xi. 245.)
3 In MS. certificaret.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 133

Aug. 28. Mandate to the Official to give public warning that any who have taken away charters or muniments of the Cathedral I or churches of the diocese, or are cognizant of such offences, will be excommunicated.

PRO PRIVILEGIIS, CARTIS, ET ALIIS MUNIMENTIS ECCLESIAM HEBEFORDENSEM CONTINGENTIBUS. Thomas, etc., Officiali suo salutem, etc, Cum canon late sentencie singulos involvat qui facilitates Ecclesie diripiunt, jura perturbant, et libertates infringunt, non inmerito debent sentencie mucrone percelli qui privilegia, cartas, ac alia munimenta quibus in premissis censentur Ecclesie protegi seu deffendi, manu sacrilega subtrahere et subtracta detinere temere presumpserunt. Hinc est quod, cum nos alias vobis scripsisse meminimus quod in majori Ecclesia Herefordensi, necnon et in singulis [ecclesiis] ejusdem Givitatis, simul cum conventualibus et aliis nostre diocesis, sollempniter et publice monicionem faceretis quod omnes et singuli qui de privilegiis etc., nos et Ecclesiam nostram predictam qualitercunque contingentibus, causa quacunque vel occasione detinuerint, vel aliquid hujusmodi de eorum detentoribus sciverint, nobis citra Festum Beati Laurencii proximo preteritum, sub pena majoris excommunicacionis restituerent vel referrent; super quo licet nobis aliqua suggerantur que [Fol. 39] presumpcionis violentis contra quosdam sint verisimiliter inductiva, tamen mandato nostro non est paritum ut vellemus. Quocirca vobis mandamus tenore presencium firmiter injungentes quatinus in locis premissis omnes et singulos qui de premissis privilegiis, etc., subtraxerunt, [1] et nostra monicione legittima non obstante, adhuc detinent sic substracta, excommunicacionis sentencia denuncietis sollempniter et publice innodandos, quam exnunc proferimus, nisi citra Festum Sancti Michaelis proximo futurum eadem nobis resti* tuant sine more dispendio longioris; omnes eciam et singulos denunciantes eadem sentencia innodandos qui de premissis aliquid sciverint, nisi infra tempus predictum illud nobis plenarie curaverint intimare. Quid autem, etc. Datum apud Prestebury, v Kalendas Septembris, Consecracionis nostre anno secundo.

[1] In MS. stibtraxherunt.

134 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

July 27. Writ to the Sheriff of Gloucestershire to summon the Bishop before the Barons of the Exchequer at Shrewsbury, as Executor and heir of the late Bishop of Worcester, to answer together with Godfrey, Bishop of Worcester, for a debt from his estate to the Crown.

LITTERA DOMINI EEGIS IMPETRANS CONTRA HEREFORDENSEM PER WYGORNIENSEM. E[dwardus], Dei gracia Rex Anglie, etc., Vicecomiti Gloucestrie salutem. Precipimus tibi quod venire facias coram Baronibus de Scaccario nostro apud Salopiam, in Octabis Sancti Michaelis, Thomam, Episcopum Herefordensem, cui bona et catalla Walteri, quondam Wygorniensis Episcopi, defuncti, devenerunt, ad respondendum nobis unacum Godefrido, Episcopo Wygorniensi, cui eundem diem dedimus, de xliij libris, xvj solidis, viij denariis, obolo, qui nobis debentur de debitis predicti Walteri, sicut predictus Godefridus racionabiliter monstrare poterit quod inde respondere debeat. Et habeas ibi tune hoc breve. Teste B. de Northwode, apud Westmonasterium, xxvij die Julii, anno regni nostri quinto.

Mandate to the Dean of Pontesbury, repeating the instructions given on Aug. 7.

DECANO DE PONTESBURY. Thomas, etc., Decano de Pontes bury salutem. Meminimus nos alias vobis mandasse quod in ecclesia de Monte Gomeri, et aliis locis sollempnibus vestri decanatus, publice et sollempniter nunciaretis in genere cxcommunicatos omnes contra libertatem et immunitatem Ecclesie Herefordensis venientes, et eas quantum in ipsis est perturbantes seu eciam impedientes. Quod quidem mandatum si nondum fueritis executi, vobis tenore presencium firmiter injungendo mandamus quatinus diebus Dominicis et Festivis illud mandatum exequamini in forma superius memorata, citra Festum Sancti Michaelis proximum nos certificates, personaliter comparentes coram nobis unacum littera vestra etc, ubicunque, etc.

Licence of non-residence to study for three years granted to Walter of Bath, R. of St. Keyne (Kentchurch), and William Brun, R. of Rock (?), and for one year to Stephen, R. of Staunton.

LICENCIE STUDENDI. Memorandum quod concessum est magistris Waltero de Batone, Rectori ecclesie de Sancta Kayna, et

Episcopi Herefordensis. 135

Willelmo Brun, Rectori ecclesie de [1] Hake, quod uterque studere possit per tres annos continues a Festo Sancti Michaelis, anno Domini MCCLXX septimo, per litteras Domini. Item concessum est Stephano, Rectori ecclesie de Staundone in foresta de Dene, quod Parisius studeat per annum continuum a predicto Festo Sancti Michaelis.

Sept. 22. Letters of institution to the Church of Credenhill granted to Philip Talbot, sub-deacon, on the presentation of Richard Talbot. He was not actually instituted, being only in minor orders.

CREDEHULLE. Memorandum quod x Kalendas Octobris, anno Domini MCCLXX septimo, apud Sugwas, optinuit Philippus Talebot, subdiaconus, litteram institucionis ecclesie de Credehulle, ad presentacionem domini Ricardi Talebot, militis, cujus corporalem possessionem possidebat tempore bone memorie Domini J[ohannis], predecessoris nostri. Institucionem vero non [optinuit] quia infra Sacros tune temporis non erat.

License of non-residence to study for one year granted to Stephen de dim, R. of Clun, and to the Rector of Glungunford, and to a brother of the Sheriff of Shropshire.

LICENCIE STUDENDI. Item memorandum quod concessum esfc magistro Stephano de Clone, Rectori ecclesie de . . . [2] et Rectori ecclesie de Clonegumford quod possint studere per annum a Festo Beati Michaelis, anno Domini MCCLXX septimo. Et idem est concessum cuidam qui est frater Vicecomitis Salopie, Rectori ecclesie de

The case of the two portionists of Bromyard, nephews of the Chancellor of Hereford (cited July 22) is deferred to the Ordination at Christmas at the instance of the Queen and their friends.

MEMORANDUM. Negocium de duobus nepotibus Cancellarii Here fordensis, porcionariis de Bromyard, remanet sub expectacione usque ad proximos Ordines ante Natale Domini venturum, ad instanciam Domine Regine et quorumdam amicorum pro eis supplicancium. Fiat tamen vocacio eorumdem prius incepta, prout ordo juris expostulat.

[1] In MS. del.
[2] The names were here omitted.

136 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Licence of non-residence to study for one year granted to Gunther de Naves, Rector of Byford, whether he has or not an earlier licence.

MEMORANDUM. De Guntero de Naves, Rectore ecclesie de Byforde, concessit Dominus quod possit stare, a Festo Sancti Michaelis usque ad annum continuum, in scolis, per litteram suam quam dicitur habere. [1] Et si litteram non habeat, concedit illud idem predicto Guntero, ad instanciam domini Archidiaconi Herefordensis.

The Rectors of Whitbourne and Ullingswick (cited July 22) are respited.

[Fol. 39b] MEMORANDUM. Item memorandum quod negocium domini Hugonis de Turnun, Rectoris de Wyteburne, expectabitur, sub forma tamen citacionis usque ad proximum diem juridicum post Festum Purificacionis, prout in littera citatoria plenius continetur. Idem est concessum Rectori ecclesie de Ullingwike.

Geoffrey de Viriaco and the Rector of Hope Hansel, who have failed to appear on the stated day before the Bishop, are to be summoned to present themselves on a later day.

MEMORANDUM. Gyfridus de Viriaco et Rector ecclesie de Hope Maloysel, legitime vocati quod comparerent coram nobis, ubicunque fuissemus in Episcopatu nostro, adveniente die, cum preconia voce in valvis Ecclesie vocati nullo modo comparuerunt. Et ideo decretum fuit quod iterum vocarentur quod comparerent sub pena privacionis coram nobis prDximo die juridico post Festum Purifi cacionis Beate Marie, super multiplicata contumacia et plurimis sibi obiciendis responsuri et recepturi quod justicia suadebit.

Oct. 2. Adam de Fileby is collated to the prebend which William, Treasurer of Lausanne, has resigned through his Proctor. Mandate of induction.

LAUSANENSIS. Prebendam quam tenuit dominus Willelmus [de Sarreta], thesaurarius ecclesie Lausanensis, in Ecclesia nostra Herefordensi, vacantem per resignacionem predicti Willelmi, que facta fuit nobis per Willelmum de Bonevile, constitutum in presencia nostra ad dictam resignacionem faciendam nobis nomine domini

[1] A licence for two years was granted in April (p. 45).

Episcopi Herefordensis. 137

sui, super qua firmiter repromisit dictus Procurator quod nobis habere faceret litteram signatam sigillo officialitatis Curie Cantuariensis; illam dictam prebendam contulimus magistro Ade de Fileby intuitu caritatis; et hoc vj Nonas Octobris, apud Castrum Episcopi. Et mandatum est Ebdomodario Herefordensi quod inducat, etc.

The Archdeacon of Salop, who has failed to appear before the Bishop at the stated day, or the three following days, is to be summoned again.

ARCHIDIACONUS SALOPIE. Quia Archidiaconus Salopie, legitime vocatus quod compareret coram nobis die Veneris proximo post Exaltacionem Sancte Crucis, cum super vocacione ejus in forma juris fuissemus certificati, ipsoque in valvis ecclesie Leominstrie voce preconia vocato, ac ipso nullo modo comparente, ipsum per dies plurimos expectavimus; cumque coram nobis minime comparere curaret, eum reputavimus contumacem; reservantes nobis penam contumacie sibi infligendam cum videbitur nobis expedire. Et decrevimus ilium iterum fore vocandum.

. 22. Mandate to the Dean of Pontesbury to summon Raymund de Bevyle, Rector of Montgomery, to appear before the Bishop to answer for his non-residence.

DECANO DE PONTESBURY CONTRA BECTOREM DE MONTEGOMERY. Thomas, etc., Decano de Pontesbury salutem, etc. Affectantes variis periculis occurrere que ex eorum absencia iminent qui in nostra diocesi tenentur animas regere in suis beneficiis legitime commorantes, vobis tenore presencium firmiter injungendo mandamus quatinus dominum Reymundum de Bevyle, Rectorem ecclesie de Monte Gomery, auctoritate nostra in ecclesia sua predicta publice et sollempniter moneatis quod, citra Festum Beati Thome, Apostoli, ad suam ecclesiam sub pena privacionis redeat, in eadem residenciam facturus, prout precipiunt canonice sancciones; citantes eum in loco supradicto quod compareat coram nobis proximo die juridico post idem Festum, ubicumque, etc. Datum apud Sugwas, x Kalendas Octobris, Consecracionis nostre anno tercio.

138 Registrum Thome de Cantilupo

Oct. 10. Collation of Adam de Fileby to the prebend, as in entry of Oct. 2.

Memorandum quod vj Idus Octobris, apud Castrum Episcopi, Dominus contulit magistro Ade de Fileby illam prebendam quam dominus Willelmus de Sarreta, cancellarius1 Lausanensis, tenuit in Ecclesia Herefordensi, ad resignacionem ipsius W[illelmi]. Et scriptum fuit Ebdomodario Herefordensi quod eundem Adam induceret, etc. Datum ut prius.

Oct. 6. Memorandum of the institution of William de Brocbury to the Church of Willey, on the presentation of Simon Bras. Mandate of induction.

WILLARLEGE. Memorandum quod ij Nonas Octobris, apud Welebache, admisit Dominus dominum Reginaldum de Brocbury, capellanum, ad ecclesiam de Willarlege, ad presentacionem Symonis Bras, veri patroni ejusdem; et ei fecit litteras institucionis. Et mandabatur Officiali quod induceret eum, etc.

Oct. 6. Institution to the Vicarage of Meole Brace of Adam de Leintwardine, on the presentation of the Abbot and Convent of Wigmore.

MELES. Item memorandum quod ij Nonas Octobris apud Whelbache, admisit Dominus dominum Adam de Leintwarthin, capellanum, ad vicariam ecclesie de Moles, ad presentacionem Abbatis et Conventus de Wygemore; et eidem fecit litteras institucionis [1] cujus vicarie prius de gracia possessionern habuit corporalem.

Sept. 22. Mandate to the Dean of Frome to summon again the Rectors of Whitbourne and Ullingswick, who have failed to appear before the Bishop on the stated days.

[Fol. 40] DE RECTORIBUS DE WITEBUBNE ET ULLINGWIKE. Thomas, etc., domino . . Decano de Froma salutem, etc. Meminimus nos vobis alias scripsisse quatinus Hugonem de Turnun, Rectorem de Wyteburne, et . . , Rectorem de Ullingwike, auctoritate nostra in ecclesiis suis predictis publice et sollempniter moneretis quod citra Festum Beati Mathei, Apostoli, ad suas ecclesias sub pena privacionis redirent, etc.; citantes eos nichilominus in locis

[1] He was styled thesaurarius above.

Episcopi Herefordensis. 139

Like mandate to the Dean of the Forest to summon the Rector of Hope Mansel, and to the Dean of Wenlock in the case of Geoffrey, the portionist of Castle Holdgate.

HOPE MALOYSEL. In consimili forma demandatum est Decano de Foresta de . . Rectore ecclesie de Hope Maloysel, et .