*CARLISLE, (Cumberland) 55 cm. and 80 mm. from Berwick, and 235 cm. and 301 mm. from London, an ancient city, said to have
been founded by Luil, a petty K. of the Co. long before the Romans came, who had a station here; but after their departure
it was ruin'd by the Caledonians, &c. In 680, Egfrid, K. of Northumberland, rebuilt and wall'd it round. It was again so
shatter' d by the Danes and Norwegians, in the 8th and 9th centuries, that it lay in ruins for about 200 years, till Will.
Rufus order'd the wall and castle to be repaired. K. Hen. I. augmented its fortifications, and made it the see of a Bp.
'Twas often besieged by the Scots, who took it in the R. of K. Stephen, and again in the R. of K. John; but their
successors, Hen. II. and III. recover'd it. In 1292, it was burnt down, together with the cathedral and suburbs, to the
number of 1300 houses. It has been a bor. so long ago as the R. of Rich. I. K. Edw. I. held a Pt. here. K. Edw. II.
granted to the city the royalty of Eden-water, in fee-farm at 80 l. a year, with liberty to build on the waste, and
exemption from toll. It had charters from several succeeding Ks. by some of which they are freed from that rent; and the
fishery in the r. with large commons of pasture, right of Fairs and Mts. with the manor, &c. are vested in the Corp. Its
walls and castle were well repaired by Rich. III; and Hen. VIII. built a strong citadel. It first sent burgesses to Pt. in
the 2nd of Edw. I. and its present charter is said to have been granted the 13th of Ch. I. It was taken by the rebels in
1745, and retaken soon after by his R. H. the D. of Cumberland. This city is situate bet. the conflux of 3 fine rs.
abounding with fish, viz. the Eden on the N. over which it has a bridge that is but 6 m. from Scotland, the Petteril on
the E. and the Caude on the W. 'Tis a seaport, though without ships or merchants, and is the key of England on the W. sea,
which is here called the Solway-Frith, as Berwick on Tweed is upon the E. sea. 'Tis a wealthy populous place, with well-
built houses, and 3 gates in the walls, which are about 1 m. in com. and broad enough for 3 men to walk on them a-breast.
The revenues of the city are about 500 l. a year, and the inh. of the city and suburbs about 2000. It trades chiefly in
fustians; is govern'd by a mayor, 12 ald. 24 c.c. a sheriff, 2 bailiffs, &c. and the assizes and sessions are most
commonly held here. Its Mt. is on W. and S. and Fairs on W. before Easter, the first W. in June, Aug. 15, and Sept. 8. It
has but 2 p. chs. one of which stands in the body of the cathedral, which is in the middle of the city, inclosed by a
wall. The W. part of the cathedral suffered much during the civil wars, when the city was besieged. This city formerly
gave title of Earl to some of the royal family, as it has done to the Howard family ever since the restoration of Cha. II.
The Picts wall begins just below the T. and crosses this part of the island to Newcastle upon Tine. Here was formerly a
Mon.