LLANTRISSENT (LLAN-TRI-SANT), a borough, market-town, and parish, in the union of CARDIFF, hundred of MISKIN, county of GLAMORGAN, SOUTH WALES, 10 miles (N. W. by W.) from Cardiff, and 169 (W.) from London; containing 3331 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from the dedication of its church to three different saints, is distinguished by few historical events of importance. At what time or by whom its castle was originally built, is not accurately known; but it is enumerated among those for which Gilbert de Clare, commonly called " the Red," Lord of Glamorgan, did homage to Edward I., on his accession to the tides and estates of his family, after the death of his father, towards the end of the thirteenth century. Edward II., with his favourite, the younger Spencer, was taken prisoner near this town, by the queen's forces, and conveyed to Hereford. The TOW N is romantically situated, on the road from Cowbridge to Merthyr-Tydvil, in a pass over a mountainous ridge, between two lofty hills, and is irregularly and indifferently built; but its whitewashed houses, with the dismantled tower of its castle, form conspicuous and interesting features in the scenery on approaching the mountains. The vicinity is indescribably beautiful and highly picturesque; and the views embrace a tract of country abounding with features of romantic character and almost unrivalled magnificence. The prospect from the brow of the hill on which the town is built embraces the whole of the Vale of Glamorgan, from its eastern extremity to the influx of the river Ogmore into the Bristol Channel: among the numerous interesting objects which this extensive tract of country exhibits, are the rich woods about Hensol, Ghinelay, and Llanharan; beyond which is discerned the Bristol Channel, with the distant hills on the English coast, and in other directions the lofty mountains that bound it on various sides. To the north of the town the appearance of the country becomes more rugged, and assumes a wilder aspect, which is in some degree enlivened by the pleasing appearance of Castella, an ancient seat, that forms a lively and cheerful object in a Iane, of which the prevailing character is that of sombre magnificence. At the entrance of the town is a substantial stone mansion, called Llantrissent House. The PARISH abounds with coal, which is worked to a very great extent for the supply of the great iron-works in the neighbouring districts, and for exportation. Ores of iron and lead have also been found in great quantities, and works have been established here for procuring those minerals; but they have not been conducted with a sufficient degree of profit to remunerate the adventurers, and have consequently been discontinued. The principal of these was the Park mine, about a mile to the south of the town, the ore obtained in which was of the species called galena, or potters' ore, lying in a vein extending from east to west, and contained in a matrix of spar, in magnesian limestone resting upon coal Sonic years ago an ancient colliery, not properly filled up, was accidentally discovered by R. F. Rickards, Esq., when a young man, who, by falling into it, was burnt to the bone on the fore part of the foot and leg: it contained a large quantity of pyrites, which had ignited, and had been in a state of combustion for a very long period; it is still burning, and probably will continue to burn, so long as any inflammable matter may remain. A railroad has been constructed from the Dines colliery, which communicates with the Cardiff and Merthyr canal at Newbridge. The market, which is only for provisions, is on Friday: the corn market has been re-, moved to Newbridge, five miles off. Great cattle fairs are held on February 13th, May 12th, August 12th, and October 29th. It has not been precisely ascertained at what time the town received its first charter of incorporation, but it has a charter dated the 20th of Edward III. The corporation consists of the constable of the castle, a steward, portreeve, twelve aldermen, and an unlimited number of burgesses, assisted by a town-clerk, serjeant-at-mace, and other officers. A court leet is summoned by the portreeve twice a year, in the months of May and October, to be held before the constable of the castle, the steward, and the portreeve; on each of which occasions a jury of twelve persons is selected from the burgesses present, by the serjeant-at-mace, under the direction of the steward. At the court held in May the jury name four burgesses, of whom the constable of the castle chooses two to be overseers of markets for the ensuing year; and they likewise make out further lists of burgesses, out of whom the same officer appoints four to serve as overseers of the commons, and eight as constables. At the court which takes place in October, the jury nominate three of the aldermen, of whom one is selected by the constable of the castle to fill the office of portreeve; and the portreeve, in like manner, upon the presentment of three burgesses, appoints one of the number to be serjeanb-atmace for the ensuing year. The freemen have a right of common upon about 300 acres of waste land. Llantrisaent is one of eight contributory boroughs, namely, Cardiff, Llantrissent, Cowbridge, Aberavon, Kenvig, Neath, Swansea, and Loughor, which returned one member to parliament: the right of eke-. Lion was in the burgesses at large, at present about four hundred and twenty in number. By the act of 1832, "for Amending the representation of the People," the boroughs of Cardiff, Cowbridge, and Llan trissent were constituted a Separate district, returning one member and the right of voting has been vested in the resident burgesses, one hundred in number, and in those within seven miles, in number a hundred and twelve, if duly qualified according to the provisions of the act; also in every male.person of full age occupying, either as owner or as tenant under the same landlord, a house or other premises of the annual value of not less than ten pounds, provided he be capable of registering as the act directs: the present number of tenements of this value, within the limits of the borough, which extend about a mile from the town in every direction, comprising the whole of the town hamlet and parts of other hamlets, and were not altered by the Boundary Act, is seventy, mostly occupied by burgesses. The corporation are empowered by then charter to hold a court of record for the recovery of debts, but it has been for many years discontinued. The petty-sessions for the hue" dyed of Miskin are held in this town every Friday. The town-hall. and the market-place are of modern erection, and are neat buildings well adapted to their uses. The LIVING is a vicarage, rated in the king's books at £26. 14. 2., and endowed with the vicarial tithes of the parishes of Aberdare, Lantwit- Vairdre, Llanwonno, and Ystrad-Dyvodog; present net income, £555, with a glebe-house; patrons and appro-. priators, Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. The church, dedicated to St. Dyvnog, St. Iddog, and St. Menw, is a spacious and ancient structure, in the Norman style of architecture, occupying the summit of the hill above the town. There are two chapels in the parish: one is dedicated to St. John the Baptist, the living of which is a perpetual curacy, endowed. with £200 private benefaction, £1000 royal bounty,. and £1000 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of Mrs. Pritchard; net income, £95. The other, called Titlygarn, after being long suffered to fall gradually into decay, has been recently repaired through the instrumentality of Dr. Lisle, who has a summer residence at this place. The living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £1000 royal bounty; net income, £30; patrons and impropriatore, Principal and Fellows of Jesus' College, Oxford. The Wesleyans, Baptists, Independents, and Calvinistic Methodists, have each a place of worship in the town; and the Independents have also additional meeting-houses at Cymmer and Crossvaen; and the Methodists one at Velin Vawr, within the parish. A day and Sunday National school, for the gratuitous instruction of -both sexes, is supported principally by the Marquess of Bute, who contributes fifty guineas per annum, and by subscription among the entry resident in the neighbourhood; the school, in which there are 80 males and 35 females, is well conducted under the auspices of the Marquess, at whose expense six boys, who are selected as teachers, and clothed with two suits in the year, are apprenticed, when at a proper, age, with a premium of £10. There are also five day schools, in which 160 children are taught at the expense of their parents, and five Sunday schools, affording gratuitous instruction to 310 males and females. Mr. Gibbon, of Newton House, in the parish of Llanblethian, bequeathed in 1809 a sum of £500, one-fifth, producing £4. 19. per annum, interest, to be distributed among the poor of this place, at the discretion of the vicar; and, under the will of Sir Leoline Jenkins, in 1685, a sum of £20 is given in clothing, every fourth year, by the master of Cowbridge school, to the poor of the parish, of whom the vicar nominates such as he thinks the most deserving. The same benefactor also directed his executors to purchase the site of the chapel of ease, called Tidygarn, and to put the same in good repair; and he also charged his lands with an endowment of £10 per annum, for maintaining divine service in it. Catherine Powell, in 1739, charged a moiety of tie lands of Trebannog, which she devised to her nephew, with the expense of maintaining a mulch cow throughout the year for the use of seven poor people about her !pension at Milton, and paying them seven half-crowns at Candlemas; but this charity has been discontinued for the last forty years. There are but small REMAINS of the ancient castle, which originally comprised two wards, and appears to have been a place of great strength: these consist principally of a portion of one of the towers, which, from its elevated situation, forms a very conspicuous and interesting feature in the scenery of the place. In 1829, in clearing away the rubbish that had accumulated about the foundations, the workmen discovered the dungeon, which, wording to Leland, had once formed the prison for the territories of Miskin and Glyn Rhondda. At a short distance from the town, to the right of the road leading to Llandaf, are some remains of a religious house, said to have been a monastery dedicated to St. Cawrdav, son of Caradec Vmichvras, regulus of Brecknock, about the end of the fifth, or the beginning of the sixth, century. Within the limits of the parish are several camps, of which the most important is that called Caerau, or " the fortifications," supposed to have been constructed by the Danes. Castella, the old family mansion of the Trahernes, appears alto from its name to have been built upon the site of some fortification, which may probably have been an outpost to the castle of Llantrissent. There are chalybeate springs in several parts. Sir Leoline Jenkins, who, in the reign of Charles II., was eminently distinguished as a jurist, diplomatist, and statesman, was born in this pariah, and was buried in the chapel of Jesus' College, Oxford, to which he had been so munificent a benefactor as to be in some degree regarded as its second founder: he endowed the grammar school at Cow-bridge, and bequeathed the principal part of his estates to charitable uses.