PENDOYLAN (PEN-DEULWYN), a parish, in the union of CARDIFF, hundred of COWBRIDGE, county of GLAMORGAN, SOUTH WALES, 5 miles (E. N. E.) from Cowbridge; containing 401 inhabitants. The name, signifying literally " the head of the two groves," was probably derived from the appearance of the neighbourhood, which, like many other parts of the county, was once richly wooded. The parish is pleasantly situated on the river Ely, and comprises a moderate extent of arable and pasture land, inclosed, and in a good state of cultivation; the surrounding scenery is varied. Within its limits is Hensol, the ancient seat of the family of Jenkins, under whose auspices an annual assembly of the bards was for many years held in the adjoining parish of Ystrad-Owen, till the death of Richard Jenkins, Esq., who was a warm admirer of Welsh poetry and music, and a good performer on the harp. After this event, in 1721, the estate was conveyed by marriage with his niece to Lord Chancellor Talbot, who was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Talbot, of IIensol, and whose son added two wings to the mansion, and greatly improved the estate; subsequently it became, by purchase, the property of the Richardsons, next of William Crawshay, Esq., and now belongs to Rowland Fothergill, Esq., who purchased it from the last-named gentleman a few years ago. The present house is spacious and handsome, and is beautifully situated within very extensive grounds, laid out with great taste, and comprehending some finely varied and highly picturesque scenery. The parish abounds with limestone, which in general forms the substratum of the soil. The living is a discharged vicarage, rated in the king's books at £8. 13.4.; present net income, £112; patrons and appropriators, Archdeacon and Chapter of Llandaf. The church, dedicated to St. Cadog, is not remarkable for any architectural details of importance. There is a place of worship for Welsh Calvinistic Methodists; by whom a Sunday school, containing 70 males and females, is gratuitously conducted. A sum of £5 per annum, the interest arising from £100, of which £50 were bequeathed by Lord Chancellor Talbot, is annually distributed among the poor out of the rates; the amount, with £30 belonging to the parish, having been spent in 1817, in the erection of six cottages, one of which is used as a vestry-room, and the others, which have gardens attached, are occupied by paupers put in by the officers. In the parish are several springs, to the waters of which are ascribed medicinal properties, and great efficacy in the cure of diseases, especially those of the eye, and in erysipelas. The names of some farms appear to indicate the past existence of ancient encampments; but nothing is recorded of their history, nor are there any vestiges of them remaining. The inferior title of Baron Talbot, of Hensol, is still enjoyed by the noble family of that name.