BARWICK upon Tweed, (Northumberland) or BERWICK upon Tweed, 300 m. from Dover, and 260 cm. and 339 mm. from London, is
both a T. and Co. of it self. 'Twas fortified with a castle, &c. now in ruins, and encompassed with a wall, built by order
of Q. Eliz. except on the E. and S.E. where it is washed by the sea, and on the S.W. by the r. The place bel. formerly to
Scotland, was the capital of that still called Berwickshire, and one of the four Ts. where the royal boroughs of Scotland
held their convention. Ever since K. Edw. I. first took it from the Scots, it has been several times taken and retaken. It
has been possessed by the English, without disturbance, ever since the R. of Edw. IV. 'Twas incorporated by K. James I.
though it had several charters long before, some as ancient as the R. of Hen. V. and it had formerly a mon. Its language
and laws are a mixture of Scots and English. It is a large, well built, populous T. governed by a mayor, recorder, 4
Bailiffs, and a C.C. Corn, salmon, and most other provisions are sold very cheap at its Mt. It has a fine Ch. a good Town
house and exchange, and a beautiful bridge, 300 yards long, with 16 arches over the Tweed, which was built by Q. Eliz. and
leads to the suburb, called Tweed-mouth, where is another Ch. and bet. the town walls, and its once stately castle, is
another suburb, called Castle-gate. Here is a noble fishery of salmon, which are carried on horses to Shields, to be
cured, pickled, and then sent to London, where they are cried as Newcastle salmon. Here is a considerable mf. of fine
stockings, and a ch. s. The harbour is but mean, and not navigable very far within it; for the bridge is within 1 m. and
half of the bar at the mouth of the r. though the tide flows about 4 m. above the T. The bar is also too high for any
ships that draw above 12. foot water, nor is there any good riding in die Offings near it. This T. gave the title of D. to
one of K. James the IId's natural sons by Mrs Churchill, 'till he was attainted by Pt. for taking arms against his native
country. Its Fair is in Trinity-Week. Mts. on W. and S. Its jurisdiction, which extends about 2 m. N. and N.W. abounds
with corn, hay, and pasturage.