*DERBY, (Derbyshire) 98 cm. 122 mm. from London, has the r. Derwent on the W. side, and on the S. that called Mertin- Brook, which has 9 bridges over it, before it falls into the Derwent, over which it has a fair stone-bridge. In the R. of Edw. the Conf. it was a Royal Bor. exempt from paying toll in London, or any other place, except Winchester and some few Ts. more. The Danes had their head quarters here, but were put to the sword by Ethelfleda, at the head of the Mercians. It had walls formerly, and, in the S. E. corner of it, there was a castle, of which there are no tokens now, but Cow-Castle- Hill; and a street leading to St. Peter's, is in old deeds called Castle-Gate. 'Tis a neat T. divided into 5 ps. All- Saints Ch. which was once collegiate, appears, by an inscription in it, to have been erected about the R. of Q. Mary, and one-half of the expence paid by the bachelors and maidens of the T. In the R. of K. Hen. III. it was a royal free-chapel, over which the Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry was forbid to exercise any jurisdiction. It was pulled down some years ago, to be rebuilt. Among other monuments of the noble family of the Cavendishies, &c. it has one for the Countess, who finished the first model of Chatsworth-House, and founded an hos. near the Ch. for 8 poor men and 4 women. There is another for Richard Crashaw, Esq; of London, (who died 1631) a poor nailor's son of this place, who went, in a leather doublet, to London, where he grew rich, and left 4000 l. in charities. As to the trade here, 'tis not very considerable; for tho' it is a staple for wool, yet it depends chiefly on buying corn, and selling it to the Peak, and other places in the hilly country, and in making malt and brewing ale, of both which great quantities are sent to London. By a charter of K. Ja. I. it was governed by 2 bailiffs; but in the next R. it had a charter for a mayor, highsteward, 9 ald. a recorder, a townclerk, 14 brethren, and 14 C. C. men. It has sent burgesses to Pt. from the 23d of Edw. I. By a grant of K. Hen. III. no Jew was to live in the T. K. Henry VIII. granted to the D. and C. of Burton upon Trent the fee-farm rent of this T. and manor, which did bel. to the duchy of Lancaster. Besides the collegiate Ch. it had formerly 3 mons. and several others were in the neighbourhood. This T. had the honour of giving title of Earl to several noble families, and now to that of Stanley, in the person of Edward Ld. Strange. Many gentlemen, who have estates in the Peak, reside here; and on the Row-ditches near this place are frequent horse-races. In an island of the Derwent facing the T. is that curious machine, the only one in the 3 Kms. viz. the mill, near 1-quarter of a m. long, erected in 1734 for the silk manufacture, by Sir Tho. Lombe, who brought the plan of it out of Italy, at the hazard of his life. The model of it, (for which, and for his expence and danger in introducing it, Sir Thomas was allowed 14,000 l. by Pt.) is kept in the record-office in the Tower of London, in order to secure and perpetuate the art of making the same for the future. The Mt. here is on W. F. and S. Fairs on the Fs. after Epiphany, Easter-week, Mayday, and Whit-sunday; and on the Fs. before Midsummer, St. James's- day, and Michaelmas; and another on St. Paul's-day. The voters here for burgesses, were very near 900, 30 years ago; and the mayor is the returning officer. Besides the quarterly sessions, and 2 court-leets in the year, a court of record is held here every Tu. fortnight. The Derwent has lately been made navigable to the Trent; but every entrance to the T. by land, is choaked up with dirt and mire. This place was the extent of the progress of the Scots Highland rebels, which was so alarming in 1745.