*WARWICK, (Warwickshire) 6 m. S.E. from Coventry, 67 cm. 88 mm. from London, is a fine T. with a stone-bridge over the Avon. All the ways leading to it, from the four cardinal points, are cut through a rock of free-stone, on which it stands. The Romans had a fort here, which the Picts and Scots demolished; and when repaired by Caractacus, at the head of the Silures, it was taken and garrisoned by Osorius, after which it was again ruined; but Constantius, father of Uther Pendragon, rebuilt it. After this, it suffered very much from the Saxons and Danes; but, in 911, Ethelfleda, the noble lady of the Mercians, restored it to the flourishing state in which it was found by the Normans. It is said to have taken its name from Warremund, one of the ancestors of the Mercian Ks. by whom it was rebuilt, bet. the times of its destruction by the Saxons and Danes. That it was fortified with walls and a ditch, is manifest. It sent members to Pt. ab origine, who are chosen by the inh. paying scot and lot, (who are above 500) and returned by the mayor. In the R. of Philip and Mary, it was incorporated, by the name of bailiff and burgesses, with a perpetual succession, and 12 assistants to the bailiff, called principal-burgesses, who should have power to chuse the bailiff, recorder, serjeant at mace, and clerk of the Mts. of whom the bailiff and recorder should be sole justices of the peace within the Bor. To this charter K. James I. added, by his letters patent, that the 2 ancient burgesses, for the time being, should afterwards be justices of the peace within the precincts thereof, together with the bailiff and recorder, and that the said bailiff, and one of the senior burgesses, should always be of the quorum. 'Twas reincorporated by K. Charles II. and is now governed by a mayor, recorder, 12 brethren, or ald. 24 burgesses, or C. C. On the 5th of Sept. 1694, this T. was almost burnt down by an accidental fire, to the damage of near 100000 l. but by the assistance of an act of Pt. and a national contribution of 11000 l. and a 1000 l. more afterwards by Q. Anne, was rebuilt with much more magnificence, and the free-stone for the superstructure was dug from the quarries of the rock on which it is founded. In its rock are also made its wells and cellars, and the descent from it every way always keeps it clean. Its streets, which are spacious and regular, all meet in the center of the T. which is served with water by pipes, from springs half a m. off. Though it is populous, it has but 2 p.-Chs. of which Sr. Mary's, built by Roger the 2d Earl of Warwick of the Norman race, is a beautiful edifice. It has the monuments of the Beauchamps, his successors, who adorned it, and also of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester. Here is a strong castle, formerly the seat of the Earls of Warwick, now the Ld. Brook's, on whose ancestor, Sir Fulk Grevil, it was bestowed by K. James I. when it was the Co. gaol; but Sir Fulk laid out 20,000 l. upon it, and made it a princely seat. The rock it stands on is 40 feet higher than the Avon, but on the N. side 'tis even with the T. From its terrace, which is more than 50 feet perpendicular above the r. there ss a prospect not only of the Avon, but a beautiful country beyond it, consisting of rich meadows, tall groves, and spacious parks. The rooms are adorned with many original paintings by Vandyke; and there is one apartment not inferior to any in some of the royal palaces. The rebuilding of St. Mary's tower alone, after the fire above-mentioned, cost 1600 l. 'Tis 117 feet high to the battlements, and 25 more to the top of the pinnacles. Near the battlements the arms of all the Earls of Warwick are cut in stone. We read, that where the castle stands there was once a cathedral, by the name of All-saints, and that it was the See of a Bp. who was forced to fly to Wales, tho' never the See of another. It had anciently 6 mons. and 6 Chs. Here is a T.-house of free-stone, supported by pillars, in which are held the assizes and quarter-sessions, 3 ch. scs. in which 62 boys and 42 girls are taught and cloathed, besides an hos. founded by the Earl of Leicester, (Rob. Dudley above-mentioned, who bought the site of it of Sir Nich. Lestrange) for 12 poor decayed gentlemen, with an allowance of 20 l. a year for each, and 50 l. to a chaplain. Sir Tho. Puckering also built an hos. here for 8 poor women, and 2 others, in 1633, for decayed tradesmen. The Mts. are W. and S. Fairs 2d M. in Lent, May-day, June 24, Aug. 24, and Oct. 28. It has a good trade in malt; and here are frequent horse-races. This T. as well as Holland in Lincolnshire, now gives title of Earl to the noble family of Rich, as it did formerly to the family of Nevils, and of Duke to others. In fine, this place is reckoned a pretty retirement for gentlemen of small estates, and there is very good company here. Within a m. of it, on the Avon, is Guy's, or, as some call it, Gib-Cliff, a pretty retired cell, among groves and springs, where Guy Earl of Warwick is supposed to have lived a hermit, after his military exploits. How obscure or fabulous forever be his history, the greatest of the Es. of Warwick, have paid a mighty veneration to him. Guy de Beauchamp, one of the Es. his successors, built a chapel (with a noble tower) here, which, though now much impaired, was reckoned little inferior to Henry the VIIth's. in Westminster-Abbey. The reader will find some mention of this towards the end of letter G; to which may be added, that a great two-handed sword, a coat of mail, and other accoutrements, supposed to be the said Guy's, are still shewn in the castle. Henry VIII. granted them, by patent, to Will. Hoggeson, with the fee of 2 d. a day for that service. Here was also formerly a suit of arras-hangings, representing his great actions. A vessel, called his pot, was likewise preserved, which used to be filled with good liquor for all comers upon memorable days. At Barford, 9 m. below Warwick, Sam. Fairfax, who in 1647 was 12 years of age, lived under the same roof, and eat at the same table with his father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, great-grandfather and great-grandmother, and none of the 3 generations of either sex had been twice married.