If Javascript is enabled in your web browser, there should be a box floating on this page into which you can enter a page number of the register. Clicking "Go" will transfer your web browser to the selected page of the register.


The formatting of the following text has been designed to match, as closely as a web browser will allow, that of the original. Thus, page headings are included with text and page numbers arranged differently for left and right facing pages as in the original. However, web browser references have been added to all page headings to support direct access to specific pages using the format #pnnn where nnn is the page number sought.

In addition, to assist navigation, web browser references have been added to the start of each of the volumes of the register as follows:
Volume I.


The Register
of
Halston.

Halston Register.

HALSTON, formerly extra parochial, is situated 3½ miles north-east of Oswestry, and is about 700 acres in extent. It now lies in the parish of Whittington. Miss Wright is the sole landowner, and Lady of the Manor. The Register Book is in good preservation (size 15½ by 9½ inches), it is of paper, bound in leather; all entries prior to 1756 are copies, some, as noted, being taken from loose scraps of paper, others from Halston Church Bibles and Common Prayer Books. One Bible containing entries is still preserved at Halston. The Rev. W. Walsham How, Rector of Whittington 1851-79, and afterwards Bishop Suffragan of Bedford, and first Bishop of Wakefield, has made a note in the Register, initialed " W. W. H." showing which these are. One marriage entry is made on the page after the title page, and then follows an account of Halston, written apparently by one of the Chaplains. In the handwriting of the Rev. William Roberts appear the copied entries as mentioned above; and all Births, Christenings, and Burials up to 1773, and Marriages to 1750. The Marriages, some twenty in number, from 1754 to 1826, are written on the usual printed forms bound up in the book.

From very early times Halston was regarded as a Sanctuary. Its name, according to Pennant (1784) means "Holy Stone," and he suggests that a Cross or "some object of superstition must once have stood here," adding apparently with satisfaction, " that it and its legend are quite lost."

The quaint "Black and White " Chapel stands in the low lying meadows at the back of Halston house, somewhat difficult of access with no road of approach. A small square tower contains one bell, engraved with the date 1678. The formation of the interior is plain, with the exception of a handsome candelabrum. The ruins of considerable foundations are to be found in the near neighbourhood of the Chapel indicating the existence of an older and more important fabric, which was taken down about 1690, when the present house was built. In the little grave-yard are three very small headstones, bearing the following dates and initials, though now nearly obliterated:

W. B. ? B .. low M. B.
1744. died Feb. 23, 1736. 1769.

From about the 13th century Halston was held by the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, supposed to have been bestowed upon them by one of the Fitz-Alans. Eyton in his Antiquities of Shropshire, Vol. x., gives some details of the Income and Expenditure of the Order in 1338.

iv.

In 1791 Halston is thus described:- The district, or place, known by the name of Halston at present consists of the Mansion House and two Farm Houses without any other Dwellings. There is a Chapel without any revenues annexed to it, the Chaplain is appointed by the owner of Halston, who allows him what he in his discretion thinks proper, and the Chapel has now actually been shut up, and no duty done there, for seven years last past. Christenings, Marriages, and Burials have been performed at Halston, but since the Chapel has been shut up, the few inhabitants of the place have resorted to the neighbouring Parish.

As shown in the account in the beginning of the Register Book, the family of Mytton is the most important mentioned therein. The birth of William, the Antiquary, is recorded on 19th Dec., 1693. And on 30th Sept., 1796, was born the famous Jack Mytton, who died 1834, in the King's Bench Prison. He held the same offices which many of his family had held before him, he was Member for Shrewsbury, and Sheriff of the county, but it is the many tales of his fearless horsemanship, and his erratic habits that will render him better known, and longer remembered than any of his fore-bears, as his life written by Nimrod shows. His son sold the estate in 1847 to Mr. Wright, grandfather of the present owner.

The Rev. William Wynn Owen, M.A., Tutor to Jack Mytton, and for many years Chaplain of Halston, graduated at Jesus Coll., Oxon., in 1798, and was inducted as Rector of Llanymowddy, Jan. 7, 1819. He died May 1, 1834, aged 59.

We find the following reference in the Parish Register Abstract 1831, "Halston, P.C. One Book, (in the possession of Messrs. Hodgson and Burton, Solicitors, Salisbury Street, London) Bap: 1686-1826. Bur: 1696-1826. Mar: 1699-1812. One leaf at the end of Marr: appears to have been cut out."

The Register is now kept under the care of the Rector of Whittington, the Rev. E. Pell Edmonds, who has kindly consented to its publication from transcript made by Miss Rachel Leighton, and collated by Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher.

Register
of Births, Baptisms,
Mariages, and Deaths,
in the District of Halston,
in the County of Salop.

[1686 to the present time. On the cover.]

HALSTON.

IN Saxon times, the Lordship of Halston belonged to Edric. At that time there were on it two Welshmen and one Frenchman. After the Conquest it became the property of Guarine (Sheriff of Shropshire, ancester to the Fitzalans, Earls of Arundel), by marriage with Millet Peverel, daughter of Pain Peverel, who received this as part of her fortune. Afterwards it became a commandery, belonging to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, bestowed on them by one of the Fitz-guarines, Lords of Whittington.

In the 26 of Henry VIII., it was valued at £160 14s. 10d. a year. At the Dissolution, Henry VIII. empowered, by his letters patent, John Sewster, Esq., to dispose of this Manor to Alan Horde, who did homage for it; and afterwards exchanged it for other lands, with Edward Mytton, of Habberley, the antient patrimony of the family in this county; which alienation was confirmed by Queen Elizabeth. At this place was born the famous General Mytton, a most able, active, and successful commander on the part of the Parliament during the Civil Wars. The scene of his actions was chiefly in Shropshire and North Wales. By his military prowess, Shrewsbury and most of the Castles in North Wales were subdued, and he greatly distinguished himself in several battles; but finding that Cromwell and his party had further designs than mere defence of liberty (the cause in which he engaged), resigned his command and retired. He was born in 1608, married a daughter of Sir J. Napier, of Luton, baronet; died in London, 1656, and was interred in the Church of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, on the 29th of November.

2 Shropshire Parish Registers. [1699

Mr. William Mytton made a large collection of materials for writing a History of Shropshire, among them Mr. Edward Lloyd's History of Shropshire, which Mr. Pennant mistook for Mr. W. Mytton's. Unfortunately, Mr. W. Mytton died before he wrote his intended History. He employed an artist, who made drawings of many places in Shropshire. The Mansion House was built about the year 1690. The brook Perry has been considerably widened, forming large pieces of water. The Perry rises in the hills, in the Parish of Selattyn, passes through much low ground to the village of Ruyton, and afterwards falls into the Severn a little below Montford Bridge. There is a private Chapel here, but it [is] exempt from the jurisdiction of the Bishop. It has a burial ground with several yew trees growing in it.

[On the fly-leaf.]

Memorandum.- Harriett Emma Jones, d. of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Jones, & w.
of John Mytton, Esq., of Halston, died at Cliffden, in co. Somerset, on
2 July, 1820, & was buried in Halston Chapel, on 12 July 1820.

By W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.

MARRIAGES.

Taken out of Halston Church Bibles and Common Prayer Book.

Tudor Thomas, of the Parish of Whittington, Smith, was married to Mary
Jones, of this parish, 8th October, 1699.
R. Deane, Clerk.

Richard Williams, of the Parish of Whittington, was married to Mary
Tyder, of this parish, 30th January, 1703-4.
Richd. Deane.

1713, Nov. 18. William Humphreys, p. of Overton Maddock, & Ann Edwards, p. of H. ... mar.
1716, Dec. 28. Samuel Hand, of the township of Dudleston, in p. of Ellesmere, & Mary Jones. p. of H. ... mar.
1730, Nov. 7. John Mytton, Esq., & Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Davenport ... mar. By John Jones, Clerk.
1745-6, Jan. 27. Joseph Broughall & Mary Marsh, both of this p. ... mar. By Mr. G. Evans, Clerk.

1758] Halston. 3

1750, Oct. 17. John Corbet, Esq., of Sundorn, & Miss Barbara Laetitia Mytton, in the Parish Church of Halston ... mar. By Griffith Evans, Clerk.

[The next two entries are in another handwriting.]

1818, May 21. John Mytton, esq., of Halston, & Emma Jones, d. of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Jones, Bart., of Stanley Hall, co. Salop, married in St. George's Church, Hanover Square, London, by liccense. By William Douglas, Canon of Salisbury.
1821, Oct. 29. John Mytton, Esq., of Halston, & Caroline Mallet Giffard, of Chillington, co. Stafford, were married by Banns in the Parish Church of Brewood, in the said co. of Stafford, by -.
" Oct. 14, 21, 28. Banns publ. between John Mytton & Caroline Mallet Giffard, in Halston Chapel, by W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain, and no objections made.

[The next three pages have been cut out. The first was written on.]

[The following Marriages are entered in the authorised printed Banns and Marriages Register Book. Wizen a Marriage was not solemnised in the Parish of Halston, the Banns will be found in the following entries.]

1754, Dec. 5. John Jones, p. of Whittington, & Sarah Edwards, sp., p. of H. ... mar. By Griffith Evans.
1757, Jan. 27. Edward Edwards & Martha Jones, both p. of H. ... mar. By Thomas Barrett.
1758, Nov. 24. William Broughal, p. of Middle, & Martha Marsh, p. of H., lic. ... mar. By Tho. Barrett.

N.B.- A copy from a loose paper before the Register was had

4 Shropshire Parish Registers. [1760

1760, Feb. 17. Thomas Anchors, p. of Llanvillin, in the county of Montgomery, & Elizabeth Broughall, p. of H., lic. .. mar. By Tho. Barrett.
1761, Feb. 21. William Bowyer & Frances Broughall, sp , both p. of H., lic. ... mar. By Thomas Barrett.
1765, Aug. 9. John Edwards & Jane Jones, both p. of H., lic. ... mar. By Wm. Roberts.
1767, July 17. John Jeffries [signs Jeffreys], p. of H., & Mary Peate [signs Pete], p. of Whittington, lic. ... mar. By W. Roberts.
" Sept. 28. Richard Edwards, p. of Whittington, & Elinor Jones, p. of H. ... mar. By W. Roberts.
" Oct. 22. John Marsh, p. of H., & Mary Clayton, p. of Loppington, lic. ... mar. By John Jeffreys.
1768, July 10, 17, 24. Banns publ: between Jonathan Davies, p. of Kynersley, & Mary Ducket, p. of H.
1770, Feb. 18. Thomas Young & Elizabeth Smalman, both p. of H., lic. ... mar. By W. Roberts.
1773, Jan. 5. Thomas Maddox, p. of H., & Mary Ellis, p. of Whittington, lic. ... mar. By W. Roberts.
" April 25. Edward Crump & Jane Swynnorton, both p. of H., lic. ... mar. By W. Roberts.
1774, Feb. 10. Richard Hocknill, p. of H., & Elizabeth Broughal, p. of Whittington, lic. ... mar. By Wm. Roberts.
1778, Feb. 19. John Kynaston, Esq., of All Soul's College, Oxford, & Mary Elizabeth Corbet, p. of H., lic. ... mar. By William Pigott. Witnesses, J. Mytton, John Williams, Francis Leech.

1826] Halston. 5

1778, May 9. Francis Leech Sr Lydia Haddock, both p. of H. ... mar By Wm. Roberts.
1782, June 5. Samuel Withers, p. of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, & Hannah Humphreys, p. of H., lic. ... mar. By Wm. Roberts.
1783, April 6, 13, 20. Banns pub: between Edward Lewis, p. of Whittington, & Anne Jones, p. of H.
" July 29. Thomas Hickin & Mary Brain, p. of H., lic. ... mar. By Wm. Roberts.
1788, Dec. 22. Richard Taylor, p. of Holy Trinity, Chester, & Jane Wilding, p. of H., lic. ... mar. By W. Davies.
[no date.] John Mytton, p. of H., & Sarah Harriet Owen, p. of West Felton, were married in Felton Church, by lic. ... mar.
Miss S. H. Owen was third daughter of Mostyn Owen, Esq , of Woodhouse.
1826, Dec. 23. William Henry Williams, b., p. of H., & Maria Dormer, sp., p. of Swinnerton, co. of Stafford, lic. ... mar. By Jos. Fish, Officiating Minister. Witnesses, Anne Giffard, Nath. Sansum.

BIRTHS AND CHRISTENINGS.

Taken out of Halston Church Bibles and Common Prayer Book.

Mrs. Mary Mytton was born the 25th April, 1686.
Mrs. Anne Mytton was born the 2nd July, 1687.

1688, July 15. Mr. Richard Mytton ... born.
1689, Sept. 6. Mrs. Arabella Mytton ... born.
1690, Sept. 11. Mr. John Mytton ... born.
1691, Oct. 19. Mr. Edward Mytton ... born.
1693, Dec. 19. Mr. William Mytton .. born.
1696, Mar. 12. Mr. James Mytton ... born.
1697-8, Mar. 23. Mrs. Rebecca Mytton, born Mar. 11th .. bap.
1699, June 22. Mrs. Sarah Mytton, born June 12th ... bap.
1700, Dec. 27. Mr. Henry Mytton, born Dec. 16th ... bap.
1702, April 18. Mr. Charles Mytton, born Mar. 27th ... bap.
1703-4, Jan. 13. Mrs. Dorothy Mytton,born Dec. 25th, 1703 ... bap.

6 Shropshire Parish Registers. [1705-6

1705-6, Jan. 1. Mr.Benjamin Mytton, born Dec. 27th, 1705 ... bap.
1709, Mar. 12. Mrs. Esther Mytton, born Mar. 5th ... bap.
1703, Sept. 10. Edward, s. of Edward Phillips & Elinor ... bap.
1705, April 7. Elinor, d. of Edward Phillips & Elinor ... bap.
1707, June 30. Mary, d. of Edward Phillips & Elinor ... bap.
1710, April 15. Elizabeth, d., & Thomas, s. of Edward Phillips & Elinor ... bap.
1713, Mar. 19. John, s. of Edward Phillips & Elinor ... bap.
1724, Mar. 19. Honour, d. of Andrew Jones & Mary, born Feb. 28th ... bap.
1737, Oct. 16. Elizabeth, d. of William Sydes & Elizabeth ... bap. By R. Morice, Clerk.

The following are in an old Bible, now at Halston, May, 1836.

W. W. H.

1727, April 20. Miss Anna Maria Mytton, d. of Richard Mytton, Esq., & Laetitia, born Mar. 27th ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1729, July 10. Miss Laetitia Mytton, d. of Richard Mytton, Esq., & Laetitia, born June 20 ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1732, Aug. 12. Miss Barbara Laetitia Mytton, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Mary Elizabeth, born July 23rd ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1734, May 7. Mr. Richard Mytton, s. of John Mytton, Esq ,& Mary Elizabeth, born Mar. 31st ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1735, Sept. 6. Miss Sarah Mytton, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Mary Elizabeth, born Aug. 23rd ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1736-7, Mar. 3. Mr. John Mytton, s. of John Mytton, Esq., & Mary Elizabeth, born Feb. 10th ... bap. By John Jones, Clerk.
1739, June 2. Miss Arabella Mytton, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Mary Elizabeth, born May 4th ... bap. By Griffith Evans, Clerk.

HALSTON REGISTER, BIRTHS AND CHRISTENINGS.

1760, May 2. Walter, s. of Walter Broughal, of Kinsal, & Elizabeth, born April 11th ... bap. By Thomas Barrett, Clerk.

1796] Halston. 7

1763, April 29. Thomas, s. of Walter & Elizabeth Broughall, of Kinsale ... bap. By Thomas Barrett.

[The name of Thomas Barrett in the above entries is written in pencil.]

1765, Nov. 1. William, s. of Walter & Elizabeth Broughal, of Kinsal ... bap. By W. Roberts, Clerk.
1768, May 23. Martha, d. of Walter Broughal & Elizabeth ... bap. By Wm. Roberts, Clerk.
" July 8. Richard, s. of Mr. John Jeffries & Mary ... bap. By William Roberts.
1770, Aug. 5. Frances, d. of William Webb, of Newport, & Mary ... bap. By Wm. Roberts.
1773, Sept. 16. William, s. of John Jeffreys & Mary ... bap. By Wm. Roberts, Clerk.
1768, Mar. 31. John, s. of John Mytton, Esq., & Rebecca, born, & privately baptised April 1st, & publickly in the Parish Church of Halston, on Ascension Day, being the 12th day of May, 1768. By me, Wm. Roberts.
1769, May 8. Rebecca, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Rebecca, was born, & privately baptised. By Wm. Roberts, Clerk.
1770, May 23. Rebecca, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Rebecca, was born, & privately baptised, & publickly baptised in the p. Church of H., 6th of Aug., 1770. By Wm. Roberts, Clerk.
1773, June 23. Maria, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Rebecca, was born, & privately baptised, & baptised in Church 25th July, 1773. By Wm. Roberts, Clerk.

8 Shropshire Parish Registers. [1798

1796, Sept. 30. John, s. of John Mytton, Esq., & Sarah Harriet, was born on Friday, 30th Sept., 1796, baptised Oct. 3rd, by William Davies, Clerk, & christened in Halston House the 18th of July, 1797. By John Robert Lloyd, Clerk. His Sponsors were, Wm. Owen, Esq., of Woodhouse; John Corbett, Esq., Sundorn; Mrs. Rebecca Mytton, his grandmother.
1798, Mar. 23. Harriet Rebecca, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Sarah Harriet, was born on Friday, 23rd March, 1798, baptised the 27th of that month, by W. Davies, Clerk, & christened in Halston House, July, 1799, by John Robert Lloyd, Clerk. Her Sponsors were, Rev. Wm. Pigott, Edgmond; Mrs. Kynaston Powell, Hardwicke, & Mrs. Owen, of Woodhouse.
1859, April 23. Harriett Emma Charlotte, d. of John Mytton, Esq., & Harriett Emma, born April 23rd, baptised 25th of that month,by W. Wynn Owen, & christened in Halston Church, Dec. 21st, 1823. By W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.
1822, Aug. 9. Barbara Augusta, d. of John & Caroline Mallet Mytton, was born at Halston, Aug. 9th, baptised on the 18th of the same month, 1822, by W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain, & christened in Halston Church, Dec. 2 1st, 1823. By W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.
1823, Nov. 20. John Fox Fitz-Giffard, s. of John & Caroline Mallet Mytton, was born at Halston, Nov. 20th, & baptized on the 24th of same month, by W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain, & christened in Halston Church, Dec. 21st, 1823. By W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.
1825, Jan. 8. Charles Orville, s. of John & Caroline Mallet Mytton, born at Halston, Jan. 8th, 1825, & baptized 9th. By W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.

1849] Halston. 9

1826, April 10. Euphrates Henry, s. of John & Caroline Mallet Mytton, born at Halston, April 10th, 1826, & baptized 19th. By Lloyd Fletcher, Minister of Overton.
1849, May 25. Edmund David Moncreiffe, s. of Edmund & Helen Wright, of Halston, born May 25, 1849, at Teddesmere Hall, christened July 6th, 1849, in Halston Chapel. By C. A. A. Lloyd, Rector of Whittington.

BURIALS.

Taken out of Halston Church Bibles and Common Prayer Book.

1696, July 13. Edward Pritchard was interred.
1700, Oct. 12. Mrs. Rebecca Mytton, by R. Deane, Clerk. ... bur.
1703, Nov. 3. Roger Hyten, by R. Deane ... bur.
1708, Feb. 13. Mr. Benjamin Mytton, by R. Chambre, Clerk ... bur.
1709, Oct. 28. Ann Meredith, by R. Chambre, Clerk ... bur.
1711, Oct. 30. Hugh Williams, by Edward Parry, Clerk ... bur.
1712, Feb. 17. Mrs. Anne Mytton, by Edward Parry, Clerk ... bur.
" Sept. 14. Mrs. Mary Mytton, by John Jennings, Clerk ... bur.
1713, Oct. 15. Thomas, s. of Edward Phillips, by John Jennings, Clerk ... bur.
1730, Mar. 8. Richard Mytton, Esq., died Feb. 28th ... bur.
1735, April 12. Mr. Henry Mytton, died.
1736-7, Mar. 11. Mr. Richard Mytton, s. of John Mytton, Esq., died Mar. 8th ... bur.
" Feb. 25. Mrs. Jane Barlow, died Feb. 23rd ... bur.
1737, Mar. 29. John Lambell, died Mar. 27th ... bur.
1740, Sept. 20. Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, w. of John Mytton, Esq., died Sept. 15th, and was interred 20th, by Gr. Evans, Clerk ... bur.
1756, Jan. 17. John Mytton, Esq., died Jan. 6th, by Griffith Evans, Clerk ... bur.
Died at Bath, & buried at Halston.

10 Shropshire Parish Registers. [1769

REGISTER OF HALSTON.- BURIALS.

1769, May 15. Rebecca, d. of John Mytton & Rebecca, died May 14th, by Wm. Roberts ... bur.
1773, Aug. -. Maria, d. of J0hn Mytton, Esq., & Rebecca ... died.
1798, Sept. 14. John Mytton, Esq., of Halston, died Sept. 8th, and was bur. 14th in Halston Chapel, by Charles Mytton, of Eccleston ... bur.
[No date]. John Craigs, Huntsman, died ... & was buried in Halston Church Yard, on the ... by W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain.
1826, Dec. 7. William Cooper, aged 17, a native of Oxford, whose Father was a drover, died Dec. 4th, & was buried in Halston Church Yard, by W. Wynn Owen, Chaplain ... bur.
1834, April 9. John Mytton was buried in the vault of Halston Chapel, aged 39.
Edward Owen was the Officiating Minister.

STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE OF THE MARRIAGE OF JOHN MYTTON, ESQ., AND CAROLINE MALLET, HIS WIFE.

1823, Nov. 20. John Fox Fitz-Giffard Mytton ... born.
1822, Aug. 9. Barbara Augusta Mytton ... born.
1825, Jan. 8. Charles Orville Mytton ... born.
1826, April 10. Euphrates Henry Mytton ... born.
1827, April 30. William Harper Mytton ... born.
1834, July 24. Charles Orville Mytton ... died.
" Aug. 26. Euphrates Henry Mytton ... died.

[Signed] GEO: ROBINSON,
Wolverhampton, Solicitor.
28th, Nov., 1845.

1834, July 27. Charles Orville Mytton, was buried in the vault in Halston Chapel, this day. By C. A. A. Lloyd, Rector of Whittington.
" Aug. 28. Euphrates Henry Mytton, was buried in the vault of Halston Chapel, this day. By C. A. A. Lloyd, Rector of Whittington.

1897] Halston. 11

1841, Oct. 19. Caroline Mallet Mytton, wid. of the late John Mytton, was buried in the vault in Ralston Chapel. By me, C. A. A. Lloyd, Rector of Whittington.
1866, Jan. 11. Edmund David Moncreiffe Wright, of Ralston, buried at Ralston Chapel, in a vault on the south side, aged 16. By Wm. Walsham How, Rector of Whittington.
1874, May 27. Helen Wright, of Ralston, buried at Halston Chapel, aged 54. By Wm. Walsham How, Rector of Whittington.
1889, July 16. Edmund Wright, of Halston, buried at Halston Chapel, in the family vault, aged 77. By Hugh Holbech, Rector of Whittington.
1897, Oct. 7. Charles Henry Wright, of Halston, buried at Halston Chapel, in the family vault, aged 45 years. By E. Pell Edmonds, Rector of Whittington.

[In the centre of the aisle of Halston Chapel is a plate bearing the
inscription " Beneath this stone lie the remains of Rebecca Mytton,
daughter of John and Rebecca Mytton, who died 29th November, 1840, aged
70].

Return to top of page

URL of this page: http://www.melocki.org.uk/diocese/Halston.html

Copyright notice:
All pages at http://www.melocki.org.uk
are Copyright Mel Lockie 2021.
All rights reserved.
For a detailed copyright policy see: Conditions of Use.